恒河猴piwil4基因的鉴定与表达分析

为了研究人类近亲恒河猴中PIWI家族蛋白PIWIL4的结构和表达情况,文章首次利用同源比对和RT-PCR方法克隆了恒河猴piwil4基因,检测了其mRNA在恒河猴心脏、脑、结肠、附睾和睾丸5种组织中的表达情况,利用生物信息学的方法对恒河猴piwil4基因和人的PIWIL4(HIWI2)基因编码的蛋白产物进行了同源性分析和结构域分析,并进一步利用免疫组化的方法比较了PIWIL4蛋白在成人、成年恒河猴和性未成熟恒河猴睾丸组织中的表达分布。结果表明,恒河猴piwil4 mRNA在多组织中表达,恒河猴和人的PIWIL4蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性达97%以上,均含有PAZ和Piwi结构域,它们在两物种成年个体睾丸组织中空间分布一致,但在不同发育阶段恒河猴睾丸组织中的分布发生了改变,幼猴中PIWIL4蛋白主要表达于生精小管细胞的细胞核,在成年猴睾丸组织中则表达于各种细胞的胞浆中。上述结果提示,piwil4基因在人类和恒河猴精子发生过程中作用类似,PIWIL4蛋白在幼猴和成年猴睾丸组织中的表达差异提示它们在不同发育阶段功能的改变。     

对抗HIV的人工合成小蛋白

科学家发现 ,有一个基因所产生的一个小蛋白能阻断感染细胞中的ＨＩＶ ,而该基因在人类基因组中是无用的 ,实为假基因 .该假基因是与ＡＩＤＳ作战斗的一个新武器 .除此以外 ,其引起人们推测为何ＨＩＶ感染能杀伤人 ,而不会杀伤非人类的灵长类 .数年前研究者发现 ,恒河猴有一个基因编码一个新的微生物杀伤蛋白 .最近研究者指出 ,人有一个与上述恒河猴基因紧密相关的基因 ,该基因在骨髓中有活性 .而人类的这个基因含有一个突变 ,该突变阻止细胞完整地制造出它所编码的蛋白质 .研究者推断了该假基因不发生突变时所编码的蛋白质的氨基酸序列 .他…     

人类β-1,4-半乳糖苷转移酶基因家族中1个新成员的克隆与表达谱分析

应用从EST出发克隆基因家族新成员的策略 ,在人类睾丸组织cDNA文库中分离出 1个新的全长cDNA片段 ,它编码的蛋白产物与 (UDP 半乳糖苷 :N 乙酰基葡萄糖胺 )半乳糖苷转移酶 (GalT)有较高的同源度 .分析表明 ,在其 2 173bp的序列中含有 1个长 10 3 2bp的开放读框 ,编码 3 44个氨基酸 .基于该基因与半乳糖苷转移酶基因家族各成员的同源关系 ,尤其是与G .gallus β 1,4 半乳糖苷转移酶Ⅰ型(CKⅠ )的关系密切 ,这个基因的蛋白产物被命名为人类 β 1,4 半乳糖苷转移酶同源蛋白Ⅰ型 .Northern杂交发现它在被检测的人体 16种组织中均有表达 ,但丰度各异 .通过与含人单条染色体的人 /啮齿类的杂种细胞DNA进行Southern杂交 ,证明该基因位于 3号染色体上 .     

一条大鼠睾丸新基因的生物信息学分析及真核表达

目的:探讨大鼠睾丸组织一条新基因的生物信息学特征和真核表达。方法:构建pEGFP-N1载体的融合质粒进行真核表达,利用生物信息学手段分析基因和蛋白功能。结果:生物信息学分析表明RSA14-44的编码区序列与人类及鼠源RAS同源基因家族核酸序列达到85%以上的同源性;RSA14-44蛋白没有典型的跨膜结构域,也没有典型的N末端信号肽;与人类RhoA蛋白序列达到了89%的同源且具有Rho家族成员的GAAX盒和p-loop结构的基序特征;RSA14-44蛋白大部分氨基酸序列与Rho家族7个已知结构域高度同源;RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于细胞质。结论:RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于CHO-K1细胞质,;编码蛋白质与Rho家族同源性高,为进一步研究其生物学功能提供参考。     

一条大鼠睾丸新基因的生物信息学分析及真核表达

目的：探讨大鼠睾丸组织一条新基因的生物信息学特征和真核表达。方法：构建pEGFP-N1载体的融合质粒进行真核表达,利用生物信息学手段分析基因和蛋白功能。结果：生物信息学分析表明RSA14-44的编码区序列与人类及鼠源RAS同源基因家族核酸序列达到85%以上的同源性;RSA14-44蛋白没有典型的跨膜结构域,也没有典型的N末端信号肽;与人类RhoA蛋白序列达到了89%的同源且具有Rho家族成员的GAAX盒和p-loop结构的基序特征;RSA14-44蛋白大部分氨基酸序列与Rho家族7个已知结构域高度同源;RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于细胞质。结论：RSA14-44基因真核表达定位于CHO-K1细胞质,;编码蛋白质与Rho家族同源性高,为进一步研究其生物学功能提供参考。     

同源异形盒基因和肿瘤

最近,美国哈佛药学院的Ｆｏｒｄ发现同源异形盒(ｈｏｍｅｏｂｏｘ)基因在细胞周期、发育以及癌症发展中起着重要的链接作用[1]同源异形盒基因是与细胞正常分化、发育相关的转录因子,最初作为果蝇同源异形突变中的重要座位而得名。此后,陆续有170多个同源异形盒基因在各类物种中被发现。同源异形盒基因的共同点是具有183个核苷酸长度的同源区,编码61个氨基酸。同源异形盒基因同源区表达蛋白通过其ＤＮＡ结合活性及其下游基因转录活性发挥作用。Ｌａｗｒｅｎｃｅ等[2]推测哺乳动物同源异形盒表达蛋白的作用目标为编码细胞外层蛋白质的基因,粘…     

人类新基因ANKZF1的克隆与表达研究

心脏发育是一个非常复杂的过程,受一系列基因的精确调控.研究表明,许多锌指蛋白参与心脏的形成和疾病的发生.为了鉴定新的与心脏发育有关的人类锌指基因,运用同源基因克隆法,通过PCR技术扩增获得一个新的人类基因,其cDNA全长2459bp,其编码的蛋白由342个氨基酸残基组成(相对分子质量约为7.45kD).经国际人类基因命名委员会批准被命名为ANKZF1.该基因是哺乳动物物种特有基因.利用RTP-CR技术分析表明,该基因在胚胎的心脏、胃、肾和脑组织中有特异性的表达,提示该基因可能与心脏等组织的发育有关.     

植物同源盒基因的克隆与功能研究

同源盒基因在植物、动物、菌物的广泛存在说明这种结构在真核生物进化的早期就已出现,并暗示其具有重要功能。本文对植物同源盒基因的克隆与功能研究进行了综述,包括同源盒基因编码蛋白的结构特点、类型,并以玉米Knl、水稻OSH1及拟南芥STM为例,介绍了同源盒基因功能研究的现状。现有证据表明,同源盒基因与植物的发育过程有关。     

恒河猴tPA基因的克隆、测序与真核表达

目的对恒河猴tPA编码区cDNA进行测序和表达.方法采用RT-PCR方法从恒河猴淋巴细胞中扩增tPA基因,将获得的cDNA克隆于T载体,序列确定后再克隆至真核表达载体.结果测序结果表明恒河猴tPAcDNA编码区与人tPAcDNA编码区的核苷酸序列同源性为96%,由此所推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为97.5%.随后将恒河猴tPAcDNA克隆于真核表达载体,转染CHO细胞后成功表达出了有活性的tPA.培养上清检测结果显示其活性约为50?U/ml,略低于人tPA在CHO细胞中表达产物的活性.结论本研究首次报道了恒河猴tPA基因编码区的全长cDNA序列并获得了有活性的恒河猴tPA真核表达产物.将为进一步比较灵长类动物间tPA的生物学特性奠定基础.     

人类新基因cegl cDNA的克隆及表达研究

CLECT and EGF-1ike domain contained Gene 1(cegl)基因是用电子克隆的方法获得的人类新基因.该基因定位在人类的第14号染色体上,是一个单一外显子的基因.cegl基因的cDNA长度为2050bp,通过生物信息学方法预测它包含一个1340bp的完整阅读框架,编码一个490个氨基酸的蛋白,含有CLECT、EGF-like结构域各一个.以cegl基因全长编码区为探针的整体原位杂交结果显示该基因的小鼠和鸡的同源基因在各自早期胚胎头部中特异表达,并且在不同时期胚胎神经系统增殖迅速的部位中有大量的表达.RT-PCR结果显示该同源基因在小鼠成体各组织中广泛分布.这提示cegl基因可能与头部生长发育有密切关系,并且对维持成体各组织的正常功能起到重要的作用.对cegl基因在胚胎发育的时间和空间表达模式的研究将有助于进一步深入地揭示它在人脑的正常生长发育中的作用.     

肝癌细胞AFP基因高水平的转录是受核蛋白成分的促进

利用大鼠甲胎蛋白(AFP)基因片段作为模板,分析大鼠肝癌细胞核蛋白成分对体外转录活性的影响,发现大鼠肝癌含有促进AFP基因体外转录的核蛋白。作为对照．没有发现任何成年大鼠肝核蛋白可以促进AFP基因的体外转录。为了确定促进AFP基因体外转录的核蛋白作用部位,对AFP基因模板5＇端上游序列进行了不同程度的删除,进一步分析核蛋白对删掉5’端上游序列后的模板体外转录的影响,结果表明,AFP基因转录的起始点到255bp这段DNA序列是大鼠肝癌核蛋白促进AFP基因转录必不可少的。以SV40DNA经Pst I酶酶切所得的DNA片段(1216bp和4027bp)代替AFP基因片段作为模板,不存在核蛋白促进体外转录的现象。用AFP基因转录的起始点到 255bp这段的DNA为探针,进行Southwestm印迹分析,结果发现了8种与探针结合的核蛋白。     

Evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins: similar domain architectures from independent gene duplication-fusion events

The MutT/Nudix superfamily proteins repair DNA damage and play a role in human health and disease. In this study, we examined two different cases of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Firstly, these double domain proteins were discovered in Drosophila, but only single Nudix domain proteins were found in other animals. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the protein sequence of Nudix_N and Nudix_C from Drosophila, and Nudix from other animals. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the double Nudix domain proteins might have undergone a gene duplication-speciation-fusion process. Secondly, two genes of the MutT family, DR0004 and DR0329, were fused by two mutT gene segments and formed double MutT domain protein genes in Deinococcus radiodurans. The evolutionary tree of bacterial MutT proteins suggested that the double MutT domain proteins in D. radiodurans probably resulted from a gene duplication-fusion event after speciation. Gene duplication-fusion is a basic and important gene innovation mechanism for the evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain proteins. Independent gene duplication-fusion events resuited in similar domain architectures of different double MutT/Nudix domain proteins.     

Evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins: similar domain architectures from independent gene duplication-fusion events

The MutT/Nudix superfamily proteins repair DNA damage and play a role in human health and disease. In this study, we examined two different cases of double MutT/Nudix domain-containing proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Firstly, these double domain proteins were discovered in Drosophila, but only single Nudix domain proteins were found in other animals. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the protein sequence of Nudix_N and Nudix_C from Drosophila, and Nudix from other animals. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the double Nudix domain proteins might have undergone a gene duplication-speciation-fusion process. Secondly,two genes of the MutT family, DR0004 and DR0329, were fused by two mutT gene segments and formed double MutT domain protein genes in Deinococcus radiodurans. The evolutionary tree of bacterial MutT proteins suggested that the double MutT domain proteins in D. radiodurans probably resulted from a gene duplication-fusion event after speciation. Gene duplication-fusion is a basic and important gene innovation mechanism for the evolution of double MutT/Nudix domain proteins. Independent gene duplication-fusion events resulted in similar domain architectures of different double MutT/Nudix domain proteins.     

Ribosomes with large synthetic N-terminal extensions of protein S15 are active in vivo

The genes for ribosomal proteins S4, S13 or S15 were fused with the gene for staphylococcal protein A, or derivatives thereof (2A'-7A'). The gene fusions were introduced into Escherichia coli strains, mutated in the corresponding ribosomal protein gene, by transformation. These mutated ribosomal proteins cause a phenotype that can be complemented. Thus, the phenotype of the transformants was tested and the ribosomal proteins were analyzed. The S4 N-terminal fusion protein severely disturbed growth of both the mutant and the wild-type strains. The S13 C-terminal fusion protein was proteolyzed close to the fusion point, giving a ribosomal protein moiety that could assemble into the ribosome normally. S15 N-terminal fusion proteins complemented a cold-sensitive strain lacking protein S15 in its ribosomes. These fused proteins were assembled into active ribosomes. The position of S15 in the 30S ribosomal subunit is well known. Therefore, in structural studies of the ribosome in vivo, the S15 fusion proteins can be used as a physical reporter for S15.     

Detection of CaMV gene I and gene VI protein products in vivo using antisera raised to COOH-terminal β-galactosidase fusion proteins

Specific antisera were prepared to the inclusion body protein (gene VI product) and the gene I product of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Translational fusions between the lacZ gene and gene VI or gene I were constructed by cloning the relevant DNA fragments into the expression vectors pUR290, pUR291 or pUR292. Large amounts of fusion protein were synthesized when the inserted DNA fragment was in frame with the lacZ gene of the expression vector. These fusion proteins were used to raise specific antisera to gene VI and gene I proteins of CaMV. Antiserum to the gene VI product detected a range of proteins in crude extracts and in a subcellular fraction enriched for virus inclusion bodies. This range of proteins was further shown to be related to gene VI by Staphylococcus aureus V8 partial proteolysis. Antiserum to the gene I product detected viral specific proteins of 46, 42 and 38 K in preparations of CaMV replication complexes from infected plants but not in any other subcellular fraction.     

The first gene in the Escherichia coli secA operon, gene X, encodes a nonessential secretory protein.

TnphoA insertions in the first gene of the Escherichia coli secA operon, gene X, were isolated and analyzed. Studies of the Gene X-PhoA fusion proteins showed that gene X encodes a secretory protein, since the fusion proteins possessed normal alkaline phosphatase activity and a substantial portion of this activity was found in the periplasm. In addition, the Gene X-PhoA fusion proteins were initially synthesized with a cleavable signal peptide. A gene X::TnphoA insertion was used to construct a strain containing a disrupted chromosomal copy of gene X. Analysis of this strain indicated that gene X is nonessential for cell growth and viability and does not appear to play an essential role in the process of protein export.     

大鼠CRIP2蛋白的表达和分离纯化

目的:获得大鼠crip2基因片段,并在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化大鼠CRIP2(cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2)蛋白。方法:从大鼠主动脉组织中提取总DNA,RT-PCR扩增出相应大小的crip2 DNA片段,与pGEM-T-easy载体连接后测序;将测序正确的crip2按照BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点克隆入原核表达载体pRSET A,将连接产物转化大肠杆菌BL21,挑出阳性克隆,IPTG诱导表达重组的6×His融合蛋白,通过镍柱进行纯化。结果:PCR获得的crip2序列与GenBank报道的一致(为707 bp);重组融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中以可溶形式高效表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析,在相对分子质量为27×103处有特异的蛋白条带,经镍柱纯化后,得到了高纯度的CRIP2融合蛋白。结论:克隆了大鼠crip2基因片段,并在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达,亲和层析纯化后获得高纯度的CRIP2融合蛋白。     

不同HCV基因型C蛋白在HepG2细胞引起基因表达改变的初步研究

目的:探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)不同基因型C蛋白在HepG2细胞中的基因表达。方法:分别构建能在HepG2细胞表达HCV-1b、HCV-2a和HCV-4d等3种基因型C蛋白的重组体,将Affymetrix公司人基因芯片HG-U133A和HG-U133B用于本研究。结果:3种C蛋白均可引起不同基因上调和下调改变。3种C蛋白表达如两两相比,有若干相同基因表达改变;如三者相比,有PPM1A、TNNI2、ZNF236、FSCN1基因表达出现相同改变。结论:HCV不同基因型C蛋白所引起的基因表达谱各有特征,主要涉及分子转运、信号转导、致病或癌基因等,这对从基因表达层面认识HCVC蛋白的功能及HCV致病机制均有重大帮助。