珠穆朗玛峰地区的锈菌

摘要:本文报告珠穆朗玛峰地区(中喜马拉雅)的锈菌计25属155种。所有标本系本文第一作者在1990年8月至10月在珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区(定结,吉隆,聂拉木和定日四县境内)进行科学考察时所采,保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。新种和中国新记录有:1.蓝钟花春孢锈菌Aecidium cyananthi J.Y. Zhuang sp. nov.2.坦登春孢锈菌Aecidium tandonii Mitter3.假风铃草鞘锈菌Coleosporium pseudocampanulae Kaneko, Kakishima & Ono4.坎宁安胶锈菌Gymnosporangium cunninghamianum Barclay5.无刺长栅锈菌Melampsoridium inerme Singh & Pandey6.巴克利多胞锈菌Phragmidium barclayi Dietel7.非洲短柄草柄锈菌戴维斯变种Puccinia brachypodii-phoenicoidis Guyot & Halencon var.davisii Cummins & H.C. Greene8.火把花生柄锈菌Puccinia colquhouniicola J.Y. Zhuang sp. nov.9.高山还羊参柄锈菌Puccinia crepidis-montanae Magnus10.迪里厄柄锈菌Puccinia durrieui Ono11.吉隆柄锈菌Puccinia gyirongensis J.Y. Zhuang sp. nov.12.苞茅柄锈菌Puccinia hyparrheniae Cummins13.淡灰柄锈菌Puccinia leucophaea H. Sydow & P. Sydow14.林克柄锈菌Puccinia linkii Klotzsch15.乳突柄锈菌Puccinia mammillata Schroeter16.帕氏柄锈菌Puccinia padwickii Cummins17.鞑靼茜草柄锈菌Puccinia rubiae-tataricae H. Sydow & P. Sydow18.风毛菊柄锈菌Puccinia saussureae Thuemen19.舌岩白菜柄锈菌Puccinia saxifragae-ciliatae Barclay20.葛缕子叶亮蛇床柄锈菌Puccinia selini-carvifoliae Savulescu21.西藏柄锈菌Puccinia thibetana J.Y. Zhuang sp. nov.22.脐景天柄锈菌Puccinia umbilici Guepin23.黄孢柄锈菌Puccinia xanthosperma H. Sydow & P. Sydow24.宫部膨痴锈菌Pucciniastrum miyabeanum Hiratsuka25.樱桃盖痂锈菌Thekopsora pseudo-cerasi Hiratsuka26.桑帕特轮孢锈菌Trochodium sampathense Thirumalachar27.间型拟夏孢锈菌Uredinopsis intermedia Kamei 新种有拉丁文描述,一些重要的种作了讨论。所有的种都列出了学名、寄主、采集地及标本号。     

伞形科植物上的柄锈菌属新种

本文报告了伞形科植物上三个柄锈菌属新种,它们是辽藁本Ligusticum jeholense Nakai & Kitagawa上的辽藁本柄锈菌Puccinia ligustici-jeholensis J.Y. Zhuang & S.X. Wei ,波棱滇芎Physospermopsis obtusiuscula (C.B. Clarke) Norman上的滇芎柄锈菌 Puccinia physospermopsis J.Y. Zhuang & S.X. Wei和蛇床 Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson上的天山柄锈菌 Puccinia tianshanica J.Y.Zhuang & S.X. Wei。对它们作了拉丁文描述并附简要讨论。模式标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

福建中亚热带常绿阔叶林物种多样性的空间格局

对福建中亚热带不同区域、不同海拔梯度的常绿阔叶林群落进行物种多样性测定 ,结果表明 :(1 )在 6个区域中 ,乔木层的物种多样性指数平均值高于灌木层的平均值 ;对丰富度指数 ,太平乔、灌木层 (R1、R2 )最高 ,茂地 (R1、R2 )最低 ;对多样性指数 ,乔木层夏道 (D1、H1)最高 ,土堡 (D1)、茂地 (H1)分别最低 ,灌木层峡阳(D2 )、大洋 (H2 )分别最高 ,太平 (D2 、H2 )最低 ;对均匀度指数 ,乔木层中茂地 (E1、J1)最高 ,土堡 (E1、J1)最低 ,灌木层峡阳 (E2 )、大洋 (J2 )分别最高 ,太平 (E2 、J2 )最低 ;不同区域乔木层的物种多样性指数曲线变化比灌木层缓和 ;(2 )在 6个海拔梯度群落 ,对乔木层物种数和丰富度指数在海拔 2 0 0～ 40 0m(S1、R1)最高 ,对灌木层在海拔 60 0～ 80 0m(S1、R1)最高 ;对乔、灌木层物种数和丰富度指数在海拔 1 0 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(S1、S2 、R1、R2 )最低 ;对多样性指数 ,在乔木层中在海拔 2 0 0～ 40 0m(D1、H1)最高 ,在海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(D1、H1)最低 ,在灌木层中在海拔 60 0～ 80 0m(D2 、H2 )最高 ,海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(D2 、H2 )最低 ;对均匀度指数 ,乔木层中在海拔 10 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(E1、J1)最高 ,在海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(E1、J1)最低 ,灌木层中在海拔 1 0 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(E2 )     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料Ⅲ.禾本科植物柄锈菌补记

本文报告采自云南及青海的四种禾本科植物柄锈菌。其中鹅冠草Roegneria kamojiOhwi上的鹅冠草柄锈菌Puccinia roegneriae J.-y. Zhuang & S.-x. Wei为新种。纤毛鹅冠草Roegneria ciliaris(Trin.) Nevski上的日本猬草柄锈菌Puccinia asperellae-japonicae Hara,弓果黍Cyrtococcum patens(L.) A. Camus上的东方柄锈菌Puccinia orientalis(H.Syd., P. Syd. & Butl.) Arth. & Cumm.以及乱子草Muhlenbergia hugelii Trin.上的乱子草柄锈菌Puccinia schedonnardi Kell. & Swing.为我国新记录种。对新种作了拉丁文描述。对其余的三个新记录种都作了讨论。本研究引用的中国标本(包括新种的模式)保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

单胞锈菌属一新记录种

A species of the genus Uromyces was found to be unrecorded from China.Uromyces onobrychidis (Desm.) Lév., Ann. Sc. Nat. 3. Sér. 8: 371, 1847.Spermagonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia ramicolous or amphigenous, scattered, rounded or elliptic, orange yellow, 0.3～0.5mm in diam., urediniospores ellipsoid or obovoid, 21.5～34.7 × 13.5～ 19.5μm, wall 1～ 1.7μm thich, pale yellowish, echinulate with spines spaced 2～ 2.6μm, pores 2～ 4, equatorial; telia ramicolous or amphigenous, sparsed or loosely grouped, rounded or elliptic, 0.4～0.8mm in diam., chocolate-brown, pulverulent; teliospores obovoid, ellipsoid or globose, 17.5～24.8 × 13.2～ 16.5μm, rounded at the apex, with a subhyaline papilla about 1～ 1.7μmhigh; wall 0.7～ 1.31μm thick, pale-brown, indistinctly verrucose, pedicels hyaline, short, deciduous. Supported by the National natural sciences foundation (NO. 39360069)     

细菌脂多糖被体外培养的牛白细胞的吸收和降解

本文报告了体外培养的牛白细胞对放射性同位素氚标记的E.coli 112 LPS(简称E.coli 112~3H—LPS)的吸收和降解。实验证实:S型~3H—LPS (Smooth)比R型~3H—LPS(Rough)更容易被牛白细胞吸收和降解,同时也发现经抗LPS IgG调理的S—LPS可大量的被细胞吸收。用HCl—Hexane提取反应物中~3H—Fatty Acid,用Thin layer chromatography(TLC)实验(Petrom Ether:Ether:Aciti 70:30:2)分析~3H—代谢产物,结果表明,从LPS中至少降解出2种~3H—Fatty Acid,Rf值分别为0.6和0.3,说明牛白细胞含有一种或几种能够降解LPS的酶。     

裂冠牛奶菜中一新奇C_(21)甾体甙(英文)

Besides a series of normal C_(21) steroids from Marsdenia incisa incisa P.T.Li et Y.P.Li, it small amount of novel C_(21) steroidal glycoside (Ⅱ) had been isolated. The mild acidic hydrolysis of (Ⅱ) afforded genin-(Ⅰ). By spectroscopic analyses of IR, ELMS, FDMS, ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR (DEPT, PRFT), ~1H-~1H COSY, ~1H-~(13)C COSY for (Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ), (Ⅰ) had been deduced as B-nor (7) -6β-formyl-pregnane-3β, 5β, 8β, 12β, 14β, 17β, 20-heptatol, named neomarinogenin; (Ⅱ) had been deduced as neomarinogenin 3-O-β-D-thevetopyranosyl-(1→-4)-β-Dcymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside, named neomarinoside. Their physical and spectral data were as follows. Neomarinogenin (Ⅰ). A colorless prism from Me_2 CO, mp 202—205℃, 〔α〕_D~(17) 28.81°(MeOH, c0.05), C_(21)H_(34)O_8 (Found: C, 60.76; H, 8.19, C_(21)H_(34)O_8, requires C, 60.87. H, 8.21％); IRv_(max)~(KBr)cm~(-1): 3450 (OH), 1700 (C=O), 1050(C-O-C); EIMS m/z: 397 (M-OH), 380 (397-OH), 379, 378 (M-2H_2O), 36; (M-3H_2O), 342 (M-4H_2O), 333, 315     

Hydrogen sulfide suppresses transforming growth factor-β1-induced differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

In heart disease, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) converts fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which synthesize and secrete fibrillar type I and III collagens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how hydrogen sulfide(H2S) suppresses TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Human cardiac fibroblasts were serum-starved in fibroblast medium for 16 h before exposure to TGF-β1(10 ng m L-1) for 24 h with or without sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS, 100 μmol L-1, 30 min pretreatment) treatment. Na HS, an exogenous H2 S donor, potently inhibited the proliferation and migration of TGF-β1-induced human cardiac fibroblasts and regulated their cell cycle progression. Furthermore, Na HS treatment led to suppression of fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, and reduced the levels of collagen, TGF-β1, and activated Smad3 in TGF-β1-induced human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. We therefore conclude that H2 S suppresses TGF-β1-stimulated conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, as well as by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human cardiac myofibroblasts. These effects of H2 S may play significant roles in cardiac remodeling associated with heart failure.     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料VII.

本文报告了蓼科植物上的柄锈菌属二新种和一中国新记录种,它们是抱茎蓼Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don上的巴克利柄锈菌Puccinia barclayi S. Ahmad、牛皮消蓼Fallopia cynanchoides (Hemsl.) Harald.上的宽乳柄锈菌Puccinia latimamma J. Y. Zhuang& S. X. Wei sp. nov.以及蓝药蓼Polygonum cyanandrum Diels和细茎蓼Polygonumfilicaule Wall. ex Meisn.上的蓝药蓼柄锈菌Puccinia polygoni-cyanandri J. Y. Zhuang & S.X. Wei sp. nov..新种有拉丁文描述.每个种都作了讨论并附有线条图.标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS).