粗糙脉孢菌26 S蛋白酶体三个亚基缺失菌株的构建及表型分析

【目的】通过构建26S蛋白酶体的3个亚基RPN4、RPN7、RPN10的缺失突变菌株,研究这些缺失突变体的表型,进而探究这3个亚基在蛋白酶体中的作用。【方法】采用同源重组基因敲除技术、电转化、粗糙脉胞菌杂交、子囊孢子萌发及PCR鉴定等方法分别获得3个调节亚基的基因缺失突变体。利用racetube和平板生长法进行突变体表型检测。【结果】得到rpn4和rpn10的缺失突变纯合体及rpn7缺失突变异核体菌株。【结论】与野生型相比,rpn7KO(ku70RIP背景)突变体的菌丝生长及产生分生孢子的能力显著减弱;rpn4KO突变体在生长初期的菌丝生长缓慢,而后期的产孢能力与野生型无显著差异;rpn10KO突变菌株的表型介于上述两种突变体的表型之间。这些结果表明26S蛋白酶体的这3个亚基对脉胞菌的生长和发育至关重要。     

Differential heat shock gene expression in chick blastula

Summary The component areas of chick blastula show differential expression of heat shock genes. The area opaca (ao), marginal zone (mz) and central area (ca) components of the epiblast display distinct quantitative and minor qualitative differences in the heat-induced and heat-repressible proteins, but are clearly different from the primary hypoblast (endoderm) in their expression of a given stress protein (hsp) as a response to heat shock. The major proteins synthesized in the component areas of epiblast in response to heat shock include hsp 18, 24, 70 and 89 Kd. Two-dimensional electrophoresis shows that each of these proteins consists of multiple charged species. The hypoblast expresses only hsp 70 Kd at non-significant levels and shows marked inhibition in the level of synthesis of heat-shock-repressible proteins. Heat shock during the blastula stage results in an increase in the size of the blastoderm and disrupts normal embryonic development. The heat shock genes provide an important molecular marker, which attests to regional specification in the chick blastula.     

The heat shock response in hydra: immunological relationship of hsp60, the major heat shock protein of Hydra vulgaris,to the ubiquitous hsp70 family

The major heat shock protein (hsp) of Hydra vulgaris has recently been found to be a 60 kDa protein. Since in all organisms studied so far, the major heat shock protein is a 70 kDa protein, we have analyzed the relationship of hydra hsp60 to the highly conserved 70 kDa heat shock protein family. Genes and proteins related to the 70 kDa class of stress proteins are present in hydra. However, antibodies known to cross-react with hsp70 proteins in several different organisms do not cross-react with hydra hsp60 suggesting that hsp60 is not related to the conserved hsp70 proteins.     

Expression levels of heat shock factors are not functionally coupled to the rate of expression of heat shock genes

The expression patterns of two mammalian heat shock factors (HSFs) were analysed in cell systems known to reflect an altered heat shock response. For being able to discriminate between the two closely related factors HSF 1 and HSF 2, specific cDNA sequences were cloned and used to generate antisense RNAs as hybridization probes. In general, in various cell lines expression of the two heat shock factors was clearly different. These expression patterns of the HSF genes were not influenced by retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human NT2 and mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Generally, HSF 2 expression was extremely low, whereas the significantly higher expression of HSF 1 revealed cell specific differences. The highest expression rates of both HSFs were observed in 293 cells. To examine whether these high levels are involved in the constitutive expression of heat shock genes in these cells, we analysed the binding pattern of 293 cell proteins to the heat shock elements (HSEs). As with other cells, HSE-binding activity in 293 cells was only observed after heat shock treatment. This points to an HSE-independent way for high level expression of heat shock genes in these cells.