A new gonad-infecting species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Philometra</Emphasis> Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the marine fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terapon jarbua</Emphasis> (Forsskål) (Terapontidae) off the eastern coast of India

A new nematode species, Philometra terapontis n. sp. (Philometridae), is described from male and female specimens found in the ovary of the jarbua terapon Terapon jarbua (Forsskål) (Terapontidae, Perciformes) from the Bay of Bengal off the eastern coast of India. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, the new species differs from most other gonad-infecting Philometra spp. in the length of the spicules (105–114 μm), a gubernaculum with dorsal, lamella-like structures and a distinct protuberance on its distal end, and a U-shaped, dorsally uninterrupted caudal mound in the male. From a few congeneric, gonad-infecting species with unknown males, it can be distinguished by morphological and biometrical features found in gravid females (i.e. length of body, length of first-stage larvae or oesophagus, and caudal structure), by the host type (fish family) and by the geographical distribution. Philometra terapontis is the first philometrid species reported from a fish belonging to the family Terapontidae. Philometra sawara Quiazon, Yoshinaga &; Ogawa, 2008 is considered a junior synonym of P. scomberomori (Yamaguti, 1935). A key to gonad-infecting species of Philometra parasitising marine and brackish-water fishes is provided.     

Two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia

Based on light and electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from the ovary of marine perciform fishes off the northern coast of Australia (near Darwin): Philometra carangis n. sp. from the bluespotted trevally Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay (Carangidae) and P. carponotati n. sp. from the Spanish flag snapper Lutjanus carponotatus (Richardson) (Lutjanidae). Philometra carangis is mainly characterised by the length of the spicules (153–189 µm), the presence of a distinct dorsal protuberance consisting of two dorsolateral lamellar parts separated from each other by a smooth median field, a V-shaped mound on the male caudal extremity, a pair of large post-cloacal papillae and the body length of the males (3.22–4.15 mm). Philometra carponotati is distinguished from other congeneric species parasitising lutjanids by the length of the spicules and gubernaculum (225–252 and 99–117 µm, respectively), the absence of a dorsal protuberance on the distal lamellar part of the gubernaculum, the presence of a U-shaped mound on the male caudal extremity, a pair of large post-cloacal papillae and the body length of the male (3.74–4.31 mm). Besides the recently established Philometra zabidii Moravec & Diggles, 2014 (based on a single female), these two newly described nematodes are the only nominal gonad-infecting species of Philometra known to parasitise marine fishes in Australian waters.     

假杆咽属线虫一新种及该属分类的讨论(旋尾目:杆咽科)

本文报道了在四川省马边县采集的旋尾类线虫一新种,定名为马边假杆咽线虫,新种Pseudorhabdochona mabianensis sp.nov.寄生于西昌华吸鳅Sinogastromyzon sichangensis Chang和齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti(Tchang)的肠道中。该寄生虫的发现证明假杆咽属Pseudorhabdochona Liu etWu,1941不应该合并到杆咽属Anabdochona Rajlliet,(1916).       

Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the cestode genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paraprogynotaenia</Emphasis> Rysavy, 1966 (Cyclophyllidea: Progynotaeniidae)

The type-series of Paraprogynotaenia jimenezi Rysavy, 1966 [type-species of Paraprogynotaenia Rysavy, 1966] from Charadrius wilsonia Ord in Cuba and P. charadrii (Yamaguti, 1956) (= Proterogynotaenia charadrii Yamaguti, 1956) from C. alexandrinus L. in Japan are redescribed. Two new species are described: Paraprogynotaenia minuta n. sp. from C. alexandrinus on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria [type-host and type-locality, based on specimens previously reported as P. charadrii], from the same host species in Tunisia and from "Tringa totanus" (the host identification is uncertain) in France [the latter two samples were previously reported as Progynotaenia odhneri Nybelin, 1916]; and Paraprogynotaenia canarisi n. sp. from C. marginatus Vieillot in the Republic of South Africa [type-host and type-locality] and from C. alexandrinus and Pluvialis dominica (Müller) in Taiwan [specimens from both localities were previously reported as Paraprogynotaenia charadrii]. P. jimenezi can be distinguished from its congeners by having 12 hooks of equal length. Among the remaining species with 18-22 hooks of varying length, P. minuta n. sp. can be distinguished by the smaller number of proglottides: up to 8 vs 15-20 for P. charadrii and P. canarisi n. sp. The latter two species can be differentiated from one another by the blade length/total length ratio of the smallest (lateral) rostellar hooks, which is less than 0.5 for P. canarisi n. sp. and 0.5 or more for P. charadrii. An identification key to the species of Paraprogynotaenia is provided and the generic diagnosis is amended. A phylogenetic analysis based on 17 morphological characters resulted in the following hypothesis for the relationships within the genus: (P. jimenezi (P. minuta (P. charadrii, P. canarisi))).     

Nematodes from the squeaker fishes Synodontis nigromaculatus and S. vanderwaali from the Okavango River, Botswana, including three new species

Five nematode species were recorded from the stomach and rectum of the spotted squeaker Synodontis nigromaculatus Boulenger or the finetooth squeaker S. vanderwaali Skelton & White (Mochokidae, Siluriformes) from the Okavango River, Botswana: Falcaustra similis n. sp. (Kathlaniidae), Labeonema africanum n. sp. (Cosmocercidae), Synodontisia okavangoensis n. sp. (Pharyngodonidae), Procamallanus ( Procamallanus ) laeviconchus (Wedl, 1861) (Camallanidae) and Spinitectus sp. (Cystidicolidae) (only a single female). F. similis (type-host Synodontis nigromaculatus ) differs from the similar species F. straeleni Campana-Rouget, 1961 mainly by the number and disposition of the male caudal papillae and the structure of the mouth; L. africanum (type-host S. nigromaculatus ) differs from its congeners in having distinctly longer spicules (105-120 microm), a relatively shorter gubernaculum (30-36 microm) and in the number and arrangement of the male caudal papillae; Synodontisia okavangoensis (type-host Synodontis nigromaculatus ) is characterised principally by crescent-shaped cephalic papillae, length (87 microm) and shape of the spicule as well as large eggs (0.156-0.180x69-102 microm). Synodontisia moraveci Anderson & Lim, 1996 is transferred to a newly established genus, Royandersonia n. g., (as its type-species) as R. moraveci (Anderson & Lim, 1996) n. comb. Some taxonomic problems concerning Procamallanus ( P .) laeviconchus are discussed. All species were studied by scanning electron microscopy for the first time.     

A new species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the sand perch Diplectrum formosum (Serranidae) off Florida, northern Gulf of Mexico

A new nematode species, Philometra diplectri n. sp. (Philometridae), is described from male and female specimens found in unidentified tissues of head and anterior trunk (males) and subcutaneously in the mouth and under the operculum (females) of sand perch, Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus) (Serranidae, Perciformes), from the northern Gulf of Mexico off Florida (Florida Middle Grounds). Based on light and scanning electron microscopy examination, the new species differs from other congeners parasitizing the subcutaneous tissues, fins, tissues of the buccal cavity, and gill covers or gill arches of marine and brackish-water fishes, mainly in having 8 conspicuously large cephalic papillae of the external circle, the absence of caudal projections, and the shape and small size of the anterior inflation of the esophagus in gravid females, and in possessing 5 pairs of caudal papillae and spicules 66-78 μm long in males. Philometra diplectri is the first known species of this genus whose gravid females are parasitic in the head tissues of serranid fishes.     

Hysterothylacium simile n. sp. and H. aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from marine fishes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, China, with comments on the record of H. paralichthydis (Yamaguti, 1941) from Chinese waters

Hysterothylacium simile n. sp., collected from the Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Lateolabracidae) in the Bohai Sea off China, is described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from its congeners in the presence of narrow lateral alae originating a short distance posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, a long intestinal caecum (60.4–79.1% of oesophageal length) and a relatively short ventricular appendix (intestinal caecum to ventricular appendix ratio 1:0.58–0.85), long spicules (2.11–2.99 mm, 4.25–7.83% of body length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (32–36 pairs arranged as follows: 27–31 pairs precloacal, 1 pair paracloacal, and 4–5 pairs postcloacal with the second or third pair double) and the presence of a particular midventral precloacal papilla. Specimens originally identified as Contracaecum paralichthydis Yamaguti, 1941 [now H. paralichthydis (Yamaguti, 1941)] by Xü (1957), collected from the yellow striped flounder Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder) (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) in the Yellow Sea off China, were also re-examined. Their morphology clearly revealed they belong to H. aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), which is also redescribed based on Xü’s material. In addition, the morphological variation of caudal papillae in H. aduncum from P. herzensteini was compared, using scanning electron microscopy, with specimens collected from another three fish hosts, Lophius litulon (Jordan) (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Scombridae) and Cleisthenes herzensteini (Schmidt) (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae), from the Yellow Sea off China.     

Two new gonad-infecting philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the yellowedge grouper Hyporthodus flavolimbatus (Serranidae) and the great northern tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps (Malacanthidae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from marine perciform fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico: P. hyporthodi n. sp. from the ovary of the yellowedge grouper Hyporthodus flavolimbatus (Poey) (Serranidae) and P. lopholatili n. sp. from the ovary of the great northern tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode & Bean (Malacanthidae). Philometra hyporthodi is mainly characterised by the body length of both the males (3.62–4.07 mm) and gravid female (105 mm), the length of the spicules (135–138 μm) and the presence of dorsal transverse lamella-like structures on the distal portion of the gubernaculum. Philometra lopholatili is distinguished by the presence of a distinct dorsal protuberance consisting of two dorsolateral lamellated parts separated from each other by a smooth median field, an uninterrupted mound on the male caudal extremity, the length of the spicules (165–189 μm) and the body length of the males (2.19–2.34 mm) and gravid female (280 mm). Philometra lopholatili is the first representative of the genus and the second philometrid species reported from fishes of the family Malacanthidae.     

Species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from lethrinid fishes, with the redescription of all of the type-specimens and the description of C. euzeti n. sp. from Lethrinus rubrioperculatus and L. xanthochilus off New Caledonia

Type-specimens of all known species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 from lethrinids, namely C. australis Young, 1969 (type-species), C. difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969, C. duplicostatus (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969, C. rohdei Oliver, 1984 and C. gussevi Oliver, 1984, were re-examined; the male copulatory organs (MCO) of the type-specimens are figured for comparison. Two groups are distinguished within Calydiscoides: the 'difficilis' group, with a massive MCO (C. difficilis and C. rohdei), and the 'australis' group, with a branched MCO (C. australis, C. duplicostatus and C. gussevi). Species of Calydiscoides were found in seven species of Lethrinus (Lethrinidae) off New Caledonia, South Pacific. C. australis and C. gussevi from L. miniatus, their type-host, and C. rohdei from L. atkinsoni, its type-host, are re-described from New Caledonian specimens; all were previously known only from off eastern Australia and are new geographical records for New Caledonia. C. euzeti n. sp. is described from specimens collected from L. rubrioperculatus (type-host) and L. xanthochilus off New Caledonia. Specimens from the two hosts have slightly different measurements of the haptoral hard-parts but a similar morphology of the MCO. The new species belongs to the 'australis' group and is characterised by its MCO, which is 70-83 mum in length, elongate in shape with a characteristic anterior curved whip.     

Occurrence of Philometra lateolabracis (Nematoda: Philometridae) in the gonads of marine perciform fishes in the Mediterranean region

Gravid females of the nematode Philometra lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935), a parasite of gonads of marine perciform fishes, were found in wild and cultured dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe) from waters near the Balear Islands (Spain, Mediterranean Sea) and Sicily (Italy, Thyrrenean Sea), and in the greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso) in Croatia (south-eastern Adriatic Sea). In wild E. marginatus in Spain, the overall prevalence was 21% and the intensity of infection 1 nematode per fish. The nematodes are briefly described and illustrated. The species Sanguinofilaria jordanoi López-Neyra, 1951, described from the ovary of Epinephelus gigas Brünich from Morocco, is synonymized with P. lateolabracis. This is the first documented record of P. lateolabracis from fishes of the Mediterranean region and its finding in S. dumerili represents a new host record. The possible importance of this pathogenic parasite for cultures of marine perciform fishes in the region is stressed.     

Andracantha, a new genus of Acanthocephala (Polymorphidae) from fish-eating birds, with descriptions of three species.

Problems in taxonomy of the Polymorphidae are discussed, with particular reference to trunk spines. Andracantha gen. n. is proposed for species with genital spines and 2 fields of trunk spines. Corynosoma gravida Alegret 1941, C. mergi Lundstro?m 1941 and C. phalacrocoracis Yamaguti 1939 are redescribed and placed in Andracantha, with A. gravida (Alegret, 1941) comb. n. designated as type species.     

A new species of Plagioporus (Caudotestis) tyrrhenicus sp.n. and its 2 new parasitologic findings in Blennius pavo Risso, 1810]

In a survey of the helminth parasites of Blennius pavo Risso, 1810 three different species of digenea were collected. Plagioporus (Caudotestis) tyrrhenicus sp.n. is described, figured and compared with other species of the subgenus Plagioporus (Caudotestis) Issaitchikov, 1928. Plagioporus (Caudotestis) tyrrhenicus differs from P. (Caudotestis) azurionis Yamaguti, 1951 in the position of cirrus sac, in sucker ratio and size of the eggs; from P. (Caudotestis) sinitzini Mueller, 1934 for extent of excretory bladder and size of the eggs; from P. (Caudotestis) synagris Yamaguti, 1952 for size of the pharynx and oesophagus, extent of the vitellaria and size of the eggs. Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890) Stossich, 1904 is redescribed, figured and recorded for the first time in Blennius pavo. Deretrema sp. is figured and recorded for the first time in the same host.     

Paralepidapedon ostorhinchi (Korotaeva, 1974) n. comb. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) in Oplegnathus woodwardi (Waite) (Teleostei: Perciformes: Oplegnathidae) from off Rottnest Island,Western Australia

The digenean originally designated Lepidapedon (Lepidapedon) ostorhinchi is redescribed from its type-host, Oplegnathus woodwardi [= Ostorhinchus conwaii], from the waters off Western Australia. The discovery of a uroproct indicates that the generic designation is wrong and the worm should be Paralepidapedon ostorhinchi (Korotaeva, 1974) n. comb. It is distinct from its nearest relative, P. hoplognathi (Yamaguti, 1938), in having: a prominent post-oral ring; a distinct oesophagus; short anterior diverticula on the caeca; a long external seminal vesicle, ensheathed in a membrane bound gland-cell mass; and less anteriorly extensive vitellarium.     

Two new species of parasitic nematodes from the dogtooth tuna Gymnosarda unicolor (Pisces) off the Maldive Islands

Two new nematode species, Philometra gymnosardae n. sp. (Philometridae) and Heptochona maldivensis n. sp. (Rhabdochonidae), are described from the dogtooth tuna Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell) (Scombridae, Perciformes) from the Indian Ocean off the Maldive Islands (Republic of Maldives). The former species is characterized mainly by unequal, conspicuously long (859 and 435 microm) spicules; the structure of the caudal end in the male (found in the host's stomach); by markedly large, oval cephalic papillae (n = 8) of the outer circle; the presence of a small, anterior bulb on the very long esophagus; and 2 large caudal projections in the gravid female (parasitic in the host's body cavity). This is the first-known species of Philometra whose gravid females are present in the body cavity of tuna fishes. Heptochona maldivensis resembles H. stromatei but differs mainly in the position of deirids, shape of the muscular esophagus, character of postanal papillae, length of the left spicule (648 microm), much larger body measurements, location in the host (stomach), and the host type. Rhabdochona parastromatei Bilqees, 1971, is synonymized with H. stromatei, whereas Heptochona sindica Akram and Pie de Imprenta, 1988, and H. rivdica Akram, 1988, are invalid names. Heptochona varmai is transferred to another genus as Rhabdochona varmai (Gupta and Masoodi, 1990) n. comb. Rhabdochona varmai, Heptochona schmidtii Arya, 1991, and Rhabdochona marina Lakshmi and Sudha, 1999, are considered species inquirendae.     

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp., a new ancyrocephalid monogenean from Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Sciaenidae) from off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the oesophagus of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner) from off the coast of Brazil. The type-species of Pseudempleurosoma Yamaguti, 1965, P. carangis Yamaguti, 1965, is redescribed and the diagnosis of the genus is amended. Metadiplectanotrema Gerasev et al. 1987 is considered synonym of Pseudempleurosoma. This genus now contains four species, including P. carangis, P. caranxi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb., P. myripristi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb. and the one new species.     

Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) didelphis sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from opossums, with a redescription of D. (A.) pricei (Vaz and Pereira 1934)

Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) didelphis sp. n. recovered from the subcutaneous and periesophageal connective tissues of Didelphis virginiana from several localities in the United States and of D. marsupialis from Colombia is described. Dipetalonema didelphis sp. n. resembles D reconditum and D. mansonbahri in size, in lacking a two-segmented buccal capsule, and in the female having a long, digitiform tail. Dipetalonema reconditum, however, has a much longer glandular esophagus and D. mansonbahri has a rounded cephalic extremity delimited by a necklike region. The male of D. didelphis sp. n. differs from both in the structural details of the spicules and in having a higher spicular ratio. The microfilaria is much shorter than that of either D. reconditum or D. mansonbahri. Dipetalonema (A.) pricei adults are redescribed from the paratype specimens, and the microfilaria is also described. Dipetalonema pricei most closely resembles D. dracunculoides in size and in the presence of a well-developed, two-segmented buccal capsule, but the latter species has a much longer glandular esophagus. These two species also differ in the appearance of the spicules.     

北京猛禽两种旋尾类寄生线虫的报道(线虫纲,旋尾目)(英文)

报道寄生于北京猛禽的2种旋尾类线虫,其中一种为新种,另一种为中国新纪录种。作者分别对其做了光镜和电镜观察。北京副旋翼线虫,新种Paraspiralatus beijingensis sp.nov.采自于雕鸮的口腔和胃内,它与P. sakeri Gibbons,Nicholls &Bailey,2004的不同之处在于具有单个的肛前乳突,右交合刺远末端弯向背侧并稍微膨大而P. sakeri的交合刺远末端是直的,不膨大,呈钝尖形。纵纹腹小鸮无肛线虫Aprocta noctuae Spaul,1928采自红角鸮的体腔。本次所观察标本在形态上,如交合刺的长短和形状,尾乳突的数目和排列,阴门的位置,卵的大小等,都与前人对A. noctuae的描述一致。但是电子扫描电镜结果显示,A. noctuae的头端具有8个头乳突而不是4个,线虫角质层具有精细的横纹。A. noctuae为我国新纪录种。标本保存于河北师范大学生命科学学院。