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秋水仙素对草莓离体叶片再生和多倍体诱导的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)栽培品种'雪蜜'(2n=8X=56)的离体叶片为外植体,研究了不同浓度秋水仙素对愈伤组织诱导率、不定芽再生率以及多倍体植株诱导的影响,并采用流式细胞仪对多倍体植株的倍性进行鉴定.结果显示,用质量体积分数0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和0.7%的秋水仙素浸泡2、4和6 d,草莓离体叶片均能诱导出愈伤组织和不定芽,但随秋水仙素浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽再生率均显著下降.用不同浓度秋水仙素处理均能产生多倍体植株,倍性为9X、10X、11X、12X、14X和16X;随秋水仙素浓度的提高,多倍体诱导率呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势.用质量体积分数0.3%秋水仙素浸泡处理4 d是最佳的草莓离体叶片诱导方法,不定芽再生率达到40.5%,多倍体诱导率为100.0%,并且诱导产生出16X的植株. 相似文献
3.
以苹果优良矮化砧木‘JM7’ (Malus prunifolia×M. pumila ‘Malling 9’)为试材, 研究了基本培养基对试管苗增殖生长的影响、蔗糖浓度对试管苗生根的影响及基本培养基、细胞分裂素种类和浓度对离体叶片不定梢再生的影响。结果表明: 基本培养基MS比QL显著提高增殖梢数, 但QL比MS更有利于获得健壮生长的绿苗。3%蔗糖浓度比2%的不定根发生速度快。叶片不定梢再生最适宜的基本培养基是QL。在QL培养基上, 6-BA和TDZ对离体叶片不定梢再生率的影响无显著差异, 但6-BA诱导产生的不定芽在不定梢诱导培养基上可直接伸长生长形成不定梢, 而TDZ诱导产生的不定芽需转移到不加TDZ而加低浓度6-BA的培养基上形成伸长生长的不定梢。 相似文献
4.
广藿香毛状根多倍体诱导及其植株再生 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了提高药用植物广藿香的次生物质广藿香醇含量,采用秋水仙素人工诱导染色体加倍技术,进行了广藿香毛状根多倍体诱导及其植株再生、倍性鉴定和挥发油组分广藿香醇含量的测定。结果表明,广藿香毛状根多倍体诱导的最佳条件为0.05%秋水仙素处理36 h,其多倍体诱导率可达40%以上;经秋水仙素加倍的广藿香毛状根在MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基中培养60 d后可获得毛状根多倍体再生植株。与对照(二倍体植株)相比,广藿香毛状根多倍体再生植株根系更发达、茎更粗、节间变短、叶片的长度、宽度和厚度均较二倍体明显增大。根尖细胞染色体压片观察证实,所获得的广藿香毛状根多倍体再生植株为四倍体,其根尖细胞染色体数约为128;同时,其叶片的气孔保卫细胞体积及其叶绿体数目均约为对照的两倍;但其气孔密度则随着倍性增加而下降,二倍体植株叶片的气孔密度约为四倍体植株叶片的1.67倍。GC-MS测定结果表明,广藿香毛状根多倍体再生植株的广藿香挥发油组分广藿香醇的含量为4.25 mg/g干重,约为二倍体植株的2.30倍。该结果证实毛状根多倍体化可提高药用植物广藿香的广藿香醇含量。 相似文献
5.
黄瓜子叶节高频再生体系建立及再生植株倍性观察 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
以‘农城3号’黄瓜子叶节为试材,研究不同苗龄、不同激素对黄瓜离体植株再生频率及再生不定芽的影响,并对再生植株进行了根尖染色体计数和叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目的鉴定。结果表明,(1)6-BA对黄瓜不定芽诱导起关键作用,IBA不利于黄瓜不定芽的诱导。(2)MS 2.0mg/L6-BA培养基是‘农城3号’黄瓜通过子叶节进行不定芽诱导再生植株的最佳培养基。(3)正常发育的无菌苗4~5d左右子叶不定芽再生频率较高,苗龄超过5d,不定芽再生频率明显下降。黄瓜子叶再生植株与实生苗的根尖染色体数目均为2n=14,再生植株与实生苗的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数均分布在6~10的范围内,说明再生植株的倍性没有发生改变。 相似文献
6.
紫锥菊多倍体诱导与鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本实验以紫锥菊愈伤组织上刚分化出的不定芽为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素溶液对其进行诱导,确定最佳处理浓度和处理时间,并对诱导的多倍体与二倍体进行形态、显微、染色体及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的比较鉴定.结果表明:0.025%秋水仙素浓度处理24h的诱导效果最好,诱导率达42.85%;多倍体植株叶片肥厚、根粗壮,气孔面积极显著地大于二倍体植株,染色体数从24~28条不等,CAT平均酶活性是二倍体的2.1倍. 相似文献
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彩色马蹄莲品种‘Parfait’多倍体诱导及其生物学特征变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以彩色马蹄莲品种‘Parfait’(Zantedeschiahybrid‘Parfait’)离体丛生芽块为实验材料,对其多倍体诱导过程中秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浓度以及浸泡时间进行分析,并比较了多倍体与二倍体植株在叶形指数、气孔特征、叶绿素含量和染色体数的差异,最终通过回归分析确定最佳诱导条件。结果显示:随秋水仙素质量体积分数的提高及浸泡时间的缩短,各处理组的丛生芽存活率逐渐增加且均低于对照,而多倍体诱导率逐渐降低且均显著高于对照。综合考虑丛生芽存活率和多倍体诱导率等因素,根据回归分析确定‘Parfait’多倍体诱导的最佳条件为:丛生芽块在含质量体积分数0.20%秋水仙素和体积分数0.10%DMSO的MS液体培养基中浸泡24h,多倍体诱导率可达50.02%。比较分析结果表明:多倍体植株的叶片长度、厚度和长宽比分别为二倍体植株的1.23、1.19和2.93倍,保卫细胞的长度和宽度以及每气孔叶绿体数分别为二倍体植株的1.90、1.96和2.03倍,叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量分别为二倍体植株的1.28和1.17倍;但多倍体植株的叶宽和气孔密度均较小,分别仅为二倍体植株的42.08%和61.55%。除叶绿素b含量外,多倍体植株的其他生物学特性均与二倍体植株差异显著。染色体计数结果显示:获得的多倍体大多为四倍体,染色体数为2n=64,同时还得到了一些嵌合体和六倍体。研究结果表明:彩色马蹄莲品种‘Parfait’多倍体植株的多数生物学特性优于二倍体植株,且其对环境的适应性更强。 相似文献
9.
在离体条件下,以野生泸定百合(Lilium sargentiae)不定芽(2n=2x=24)为材料,以无菌水(CK)和秋水仙素为对照,分别用不同浓度(100、200、300μmol/L)除草剂(氟乐灵、二甲戊灵)溶液分别浸泡(12h、24h、36h)处理,通过根尖细胞染色体数和叶片下表皮保卫细胞及叶片形态特征观察,比较2种除草剂不同浓度及不同处理时间对泸定百合多倍体诱导的效果。结果表明:300μmol/L二甲戊灵浸泡36h,变异率达30.0%,200μmol/L氟乐灵浸泡36h,变异率达32.2%,但2种诱变剂处理后材料诱导变异和存活率的差异不显著。对变异材料通过细胞学鉴定,发现2种诱变剂均能够诱导出四倍体泸定百合,但与秋水仙素处理相比,2种诱变剂处理时间短,材料死亡率低,变异率较高,而且对人畜伤害小,成本低;此外,与二倍体植株相比,四倍体植株的叶片气孔显著增大、气孔密度显著降低。研究认为,除草剂二甲戊灵和氟乐灵可作为秋水仙素诱导多倍体的替代品,而且叶片气孔大小可作为初步快速检测多倍体的有效指标。 相似文献
10.
《植物研究》2016,(3)
以拟南芥(Columbia生态型)二倍体(AA,2n=10)为材料,经0.2%秋水仙素处理和细胞学鉴定,成功获得拟南芥同源四倍体(AAAA,2n=20)。以二倍体为对照,通过对拟南芥同源四倍体减数分裂过程染色体行为的观察,以及减数分裂调控同源染色体联会与重组相关基因的定量PCR分析,研究结果表明,与二倍体相比,拟南芥同源四倍体叶片表皮细胞间气孔孔径显著增大,荚果变长,但气孔密度和结实率显著降低;在减数分裂过程中出现部分单价体和三价体,以及二价体和四价体等染色体配对构型;减数分裂期重组相关基因ZYP1表达水平降低,ASY1、DMC1、MRE11和SPO11-1表达水平均升高。因此,我们推断,伴随着多倍体化,与二倍体相比,多倍体植物减数分裂期染色体行为和相关基因表达都有一定改变,影响多倍体植物生殖发育以适应环境。 相似文献
11.
A comparison of performance of tetraploid progenies produced by diploid and their vegetatively doubled (tetraploid) counterpart parents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G. C. C. Tai H. De Jong 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(3-4):303-308
Two diploid potato parents, W5295.7 and W5337.3, and their colchicine-doubled tetraploids were used as male to cross with
three cultivars: ‘Raritan’, ‘Shepody’ and ‘Superior’. Both diploids produced 2n gametes via first division restitution (FDR)
during meiosis. Field experiments were carried out on seedlings of the 12 hybrid progenies in 1991 and 1992. Six of the progenies
represented the tetraploid-diploid (4x-2x) hybrids and the other six tetraploid-tetraploid (4x-4x) progenies. The genetic
consequence of FDR gametes was examined by comparing the mean and genotypic variance of six tuber traits of 4x-2x and 4x-4x
progenies. Tuber appearance, eye depth, specific gravity and tuber size showed significant differences between the means of
4x-2x and 4x-4x progenies from either both or one of the diploid parents. The genotypic variances of these traits in 4x-2x
progenies were reduced in various degrees from those observed in 4x-4x progenies. Major genes responsible for the inheritance
of these traits are probably located close to the centromere. The two diploid parents may also carry alleles of different
size and direction of non-additive genic effects in their 2n gametes. The 4x-2x progenies also outperformed the 4x-4x progenies
with respect to the means of total and marketable yield. There were thus heterotic gene loci for high yield located close
to the centromere. No marked reduction of genotypic variance, however, was observed. The results suggest that genes for yield
would be scattered between the centromere and the site for maximum recombination.
Received: 24 April 1996 / Accepted: 26 July 1996 相似文献
12.
T. J. McCoy D. E. Rowe 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(1):80-83
Summary The potential breeding value of 2n gametes from diploid alfalfa (2n = 2x = 16) was tested by comparing single cross alfalfa hybrids produced via 2n = 2x gametes from diploids versus n = 2x gametes from somatic-chromosome-doubled, tetraploid counterparts. Three diploid clones, designated 2x-(rprp), homozygous for the gene rp (conditions 2n gamete formation by a first division restitution mechanism) were colchicine-doubled to produce their tetraploid counterparts, designated 4x-(SCD). These six clones were crossed as males to the same cytoplasmic male sterile clone. Yield comparisons of progeny from the six clones demonstrated a significant yield increase of the hybrid progeny from 2n = 2x gametes from the diploids over the hybrid progeny from n = 2x gametes from the chromosome doubled tetraploid counterparts. The yield gain ranged from a 12% increase to a 32% increase. Theoretical comparisons indicated the 2n = 2x gametes from diploids would have 12.5 to 50% more heterozygous loci, on average, than the n = 2x gametes derived from somatic doubling. These results confirm the importance of heterozygosity on alfalfa yield, and the results demonstrate that 2n gametes formed by first division restitution offer a unique method for producing highly heterotic alfalfa hybrids. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of BC2 progenies derived from 3x-2x and 3x-4x crosses of Lilium hybrids: a GISH analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lim KB Ramanna MS Jacobsen E van Tuyl JM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(3):568-574
An allotriploid (ALA, 2n=3 x=36) BC(1) plant was obtained by backcrossing a diploid F(1) interspecific hybrid (LA, 2n=2 x=24), derived from a Lilium longiflorum (L genome) and an Asiatic hybrid (A genome), to the latter parent. This allotriploid was backcrossed to a diploid Asiatic hybrid (2n=2 x=24) and to an allotetraploid (LLAA, 2n=4 x=48) LA hybrid. A total of 25 plants of these crosses were examined for ploidy level, and 12 individuals were analyzed for their genome constitution through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In most cases the progenies from the triploid-diploid (3 x-2 x) crosses consisted of aneuploids. Further more, there was evidence for the formation of near-haploid (x=12+2) to triploid (3 x=36) gametes in the allotriploid BC(1) plant. The progenies of triploid-tetraploid (3 x-4 x) cross also consisted of mostly aneuploids but in this case the triploid female parent had contributed predominantly near-triploid (2n) gametes for the origin of BC(2) progenies. The different ploidy levels observed between 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses are possibly caused by preferential fertilization or survival resulting in a different ratio of chromosome numbers between the embryo and endosperm. Though Lilium has a tetrasporic, eight-nucleate type of embryo sac formation (Fritillaria type), the observed difference between the progeny types in 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses is comparable to that of observed in monosporic eight nucleate types (Polygonum type) that predominate in most genera of Angiosperms. An important feature of the genome constitution of the progenies was that the homoeologous recombinant chromosomes were transmitted intact from BC(1) to BC(2) progenies in variable numbers. In addition, there was evidence for the occurrence of new homoeologous recombinations in the triploid BC(1). Of the two euploid BC(2) plants one had originated through the parthenogenetic development of a 2n egg and the other had originated through indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR). 相似文献
14.
In vitro regeneration and cytological characterization of shoots from leaf explants of three accessions of Solanum commersonii 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Teodoro Cardi Vittoria Iannamico Fabrizio D'Ambrosio Edgardo Filippone Paul F. Lurquin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,34(1):107-114
In vitro culture of explants were used to apply genetic or cell engineering techniques to the sexually incompatible potato relative Solanum commersonii (2n=2x=24) Three accessions of S. commersonii were tested for regeneration from leaf explants using six different protocols. A two step-regeneration procedure gave the best results. Genetic variability for regeneration ability was found between accessions, and between clones within accessions. The accession PI 472834 regenerated at highest frequency. Clones with high regeneration ability were selected. Approximately 60% of regenerated plants were diploids and 40% were tetraploids. A very low frequency of chimeras was found. Leaf shape and chloroplast counts in guard cells were shown to be quick and reliable methods for estimating ploidy levels. Use of the diploid and tetraploid regenerants obtained for potato breeding is discussed.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- EBN
Endosperm Balance Number
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
1-naphthalene-acetic acid
- ZEA
zeatin 相似文献
15.
Qingrong Sun Hongyan Sun Richard L. Bell Huifeng Li Li Xin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,107(1):131-140
A wide range of phenotypic variation was observed among neopolyploids obtained from the diploid pear cultivar ‘Fertility’
by in vitro colchicine treatment. The variant plantlets had alterations in leaf characteristics. Neopolyploids had significantly
different ratios of leaf length to leaf width compared to the diploid control. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants and rooting
ability from in vitro shoots of neopolyploids was examined. Regeneration frequencies of shoots from leaf explants of seven
of the nine neopolyploids were significantly decreased compared to the diploid control. The organogenic potential of neopolyploids
was highly genotype-dependent for both shoots and roots. Tetraploid clone 4x − 4 failed to regenerate shoots from leaf explants
and the pentaploid clone 5x − 2 failed to root from in vitro shoots. The results suggest that polyploidization caused the
decrease in or loss of in vitro organogenic potential. Regenerated shoots derived from neopolyploids showed different phenotypes,
depending on the ploidy of the donor plant. 相似文献
16.
Koji Yamada Masumi Ohtsu Genki Kimura 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1985,21(8):428-432
Summary Sodium butyrate causes proliferation arrest with a G2 (4C) DNA content and induces formation of tetraploid cells upon removal
of the inhibitor, in rat 3Y1 diploid fibroblasts. We isolated tetraploid clones from the butyrate-treated 3Y1 cells with high
efficiency; among 21 clones randomly isolated, 5 were pure diploid, 7 were mainly tetraploid with a small contaminating diploid
population, and 7 were pure tetraploid. Among the pure tetraploid clones, two showed doubled chromosome numbers with slightly
broader distributions than that seen in parental 3Y1 cells. Butyrate further induced polyploid formation in the tetraploid
cells thus produced, but octaploid cells that resulted could not be maintained for prolongeed, cultivation. We found no difference
between the tetraploid and the (parental and parallel isolated) diploid clones in terms of colony-forming ability, proliferation
rate, and sensitivity to density-dependent inhibition of proliferation. These results suggest that doubling of chromosome
number by itself does not cause a change in proliferation property. The tetraploid clones had lower average saturation densities
possibly due to enlargement of cell size represented by higher cellular protein content. 相似文献
17.
Dr. A. O. Mendiburu Prof. Dr. S. J. Peloquin 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1979,54(4):177-180
Summary Two of the four strands of a bivalent are recovered together in tetraploid progeny arising from 4x-2x matings. This provides a method for gene and centromere mapping. The cross pppp x Pp produced 62 nulliplex tetraploid individuals in a total of 951, i.e., 6.5%. The diploid clone was found to produce diplandrous gametes through first division restitution (FDR). The map distance P-centromere was estimated as 13.0 units, the limiting values at the 95% binomial confidence interval being 10.1 and 16.3. The mapping method is explained in detail and a formula is deduced to obtain genotypic series of 2n gametes under particular assumptions. The direction 4x×2x is advantageous, since high seed set diploid clones which give 99% tetraploid progeny, and whose method of diplandroid formation is known are already available. Diploid clones heterozygous for many markers and tetraploids nulliplex for the same markers are needed to fully exploit this method. 相似文献
18.
Summary Lincomycin-resistant clones were isolated in diploid protoplast cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Selection of the resistant clones was based on the ability of resistant calli to green in the presence of the antibiotic (1,000 mg l-1). Sensitive colonies formed white calli under the same conditions. In the absence of mutagenic treatment the frequency of the resistant clones was 1.0×10-4. This frequency could be increased up to 5.8×10-4 and 7.2×10-4 by treatment with 0.1 mM and 0.3 mM N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (NEU), respectively.Regenerated plants of 56 clones were tested for lincomycin resistance. Regenerates from all but seven clones were resistant to lincomycin, as demonstrated by leaf assay. The lincomycin-resistant regenerates tested were also resistant to clindamycin (a lincomycin derivative), but sensitive to streptomycin.Regenerated plants in 17 clones were fully fertile and inherited lincomycin resistance maternally. Segregation for lincomycin resistance was observed in the seed progeny of five clones, which indicated maintenance of mixed cytoplasmic determinants after plant regeneration. Seed transmission of lincomycin resistance was confirmed in an additional 17 clones but the mode of inheritance (maternal or Mendelian) was not determined because of pollen sterility or reduced seed germination ability. These defects first appeared when the higher concentration of NEU was used. Various pigment deficiencies were also observed in a few clones. 相似文献
19.
G. Barcaccia N. Tosti E. Falistocco F. Veronesi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(6-7):1008-1015
A program of sexual polyploidization was carried out in alfalfa using plants from wild diploid species that produced male or female unreduced gametes. Sixteen progenies from 2x-4x and 2x-2x crosses were examined with a combination of morphological, cytological and molecular analyses. The chromosome counts revealed diploid, tetraploid and aneuploid plants. Plants with B chromosomes were also detected. The leaf area of the plants was a useful characteristic for distinguishing tetraploid from diploid plants obtained by unilateral or bilateral sexual polyploidization. Leaf shape and leaf margin were not correlated with the ploidy levels. Plants with supernumerary chromosomes displayed obovate or elliptic leaves which differed markedly from the range of forms typical of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa plants. RAPD markers were investigated in all progeny plants to determine maternal and paternal amplification products. Three alfalfa-specific primers proved to be effective in revealing the hybrid origin of the plants. A combination of cytological, morphological and molecular analyses is essential for a detailed genetic characterization of progenies in programs of sexual polyploidization. 相似文献
20.
A E Berger S L Kuentzel S O Davidson 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1985,135(3):1792-1799
The factors determining successful derivation of human T lymphocyte hybrids are largely unknown. This report describes diploid and tetraploid clones of the T cell line CEM which were fused with either a human T cell line (Jurkat) or with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Fusions of all CEMR clones with the Jurkat cell line yielded hybrids at a very high frequency (1 X 10(-4)). Fusion of diploid clones of CEM with PBL yielded no hybrids, whereas fusion of tetraploid clones of CEM with PBL resulted in growth frequencies of 1 to 3 X 10(-6). Enumeration of hybrids immediately after fusion indicated that in all cases, fused cells represented 5 to 10% of the population. That the ability to yield viable hybrids after fusion was a characteristic of tetraploid cells was indicated by the finding that tetraploid variants of a diploid clone could also yield viable hybrids after fusion. Possible mechanisms for the difference in results generated with diploid and tetraploid cells, and characteristics of the hybrid cells generated, are also discussed. 相似文献