猫腰髓中GABA能神经元的分布及年龄相关变化

目的观察和比较GABA能神经元在青年猫和老年猫L6段脊髓的分布,探讨GABA能神经元在脊髓中分布的年龄相关变化及意义.方法免疫组织化学ABC法.结果青年猫与老年猫L6段脊髓灰质内,GABA能神经元及神经纤维分布广泛,各个Rexed板层均可见GABA-IR细胞,其中背侧灰质阳性最强,其次是腹侧灰质.标记的GABA能神经元胞体为卵圆形、三角形、多角形和星形,可分为大、中、小三种类型.经比较,老年组GABA能神经元的数量及免疫反应性均明显低于青年组.结论老年动物脊髓调节功能的减弱可能与GABA能神经元减少有少.     

大白鼠脊髓、脑干和海马乙酰胆碱脂酶活性的研究

采用乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）组织化学方法,观察了大白鼠脊髓、脑干和海马等脑区AChE阳性神经元的活性。结果显示：（1）脊髓;脊髓前角、后角神经元AChE均为中等阳性（＋＋）,脊髓中间外侧核AChE呈强阳性（＋＋＋）。（2）脑干：延髓中的三叉神经脊束核、舌下神经核AChE均呈强阳性（＋＋＋）,中缝大核AChE呈中等阳性（＋＋）;脑桥的蓝斑核AChE呈强阳性（＋＋＋）,而三叉神经中脑核等核团AChE呈中等阳性（＋＋）;中脑的非脑神经核团红核、黑质AChE呈阳性（＋）或中等阳性（＋＋）,脑神经核团动眼神经核和动眼神经副交感核AChE呈强阳性（＋＋＋）。（3）海马：海马CA3区AChE为强阳性（＋＋＋）,CA2和CA1区为中等阳性（＋＋）,本实验表明AChE阳性神经元广泛分布于中枢神经系统不同脑区,为进一步探讨ACh在中枢神经系统中的作用提供了形态学资料。     

TETANUS TOXIN AND AMINO ACID LEVELS IN CAT SPINAL CORD

Abstract— —The levels of the depressant amino acids found in appreciable amounts in cord extracts—α-alanine, cystathionine, GABA, glycine and serine—were not significantly influenced by tetanus toxin. This supports the view that the antagonism of spinal inhibition by the toxin is the result of an interference with transmitter release rather than a reduction in the amount of transmitter available for release.
The marked increase in aspartic acid levels found in the spinal cord after treatment with tetanus toxin may reflect the association of aspartic acid with the increased activity of spinal excitatory interneurones or the involvement of aspartic acid as a glycine precursor in spinal tissue.     

代谢型谷氨酸受体五种亚型在猫脊髓内的分布—免疫组织化学方法研究

为研究代谢型谷氨酸受体各亚型在猫脊髓内的定位分布特征,本实验采用免疫组织化学方法调查了代谢型谷氨酸受体五种亚型（ｍＧｌｕＲ１,ｍＧｌｕＲ２,ｍＧｌｕＲ３,ｍＧｌｕｒ５及ｍＧｌｕＲ７）在猫脊髓（颈２、颈６、胸５、腰６、骶１－２）内的分布状况。结果如下：（１）在背角深层（Ⅲ－Ⅳ层）和腹角内分布有大量中小型（＜３０μｍ）ｍＧｌｕＲ１样免疫反应阳性神经元,背角浅层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ层）为阴性;（２）ｍＧｌｕＲ２／３样免疫反应阳性产物仅见于背角Ⅱ层内侧部,其它部位为阴性;（３）致密的ｍＧｌｕＲ５样免疫反应阳性产物主要分布于猫脊髓背角Ⅱ层的神经毯内,背角Ⅰ层及深层呈中等密度染色;（４）致密的ｍＧｌｕＲ７样免疫反应阳性产物分布于背角Ⅱ层的神经毯内,背角Ⅰ层及深层（Ⅲ－Ⅳ层）呈中等密度染色。此外,腹角运动神经元和骶髓副交感核内的神经元亦呈现ｍＧｌｕＲ７样免疫反应阳性。单侧切断背根,发现术侧背角浅层内ｍＧｌｕＲ７样免疫反应阳性产物密度略有降低,而ｍＧｌｕＲ５样免疫反应阳性产物密度与对侧基本相同。本研究结果显示代谢型谷氨酸受体五种亚型在所调查的猫脊髓各节段内（颈２、颈６、胸５、腰６、骶１－２）的分布存在差异,提示它们在介导谷氨酸传递的信     

大鼠脊髓胶状质内GABA能神经元突触联系的超微结构研究

本文用免疫电镜方法对脊髓胶状质内ＧＡＢＡ能神经元的突触联系进行了超微结构研究。结果表明;脊髓胶状质内有许多ＧＡＢＡ能神经元胞体和末梢分布;标记的ＧＡＢＡ能神经末梢可作为突触前成分与未标记的ＧＡＢＡ形成输一树突触。未标记的末梢可与标记的ＧＡＢＡ末梢形成输一轴突触。此外,标记的ＧＡＢＡ能神经末梢还可作为突触前成分与标记的ＧＡＢＡ能轴突、树突或胞体形成输－轴、轴－树或轴－体突触,即自调节突触。上述结果揭示：ＧＡＢＡ能末梢可对脊髓胶状质内其它神经元产生抑制或脱抑制作用。值得注意的是胶状质内含ＧＡｎＡ的神经结构可形成各种形式的自调节突触,并借此实现其对脊髓功能的复杂调节。     

AMINO ACID AND SUBSTANCE P CONTENTS IN SPINAL CORD OF CATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HIND-LIMB RIGIDITY PRODUCED BY OCCLUSION OF SPINAL CORD BLOOD SUPPLY

Abstract— Experimental hind-limb rigidity of spinal origin was produced in cats by temporary occlusion of thoracic aorta and internal mammary arteries. In the lumbar segments (L6- S1) of these rigid cats, the monosynaptic reflex recorded from ventral roots was enhanced whereas the polysynaptic reflexes as well as the dorsal root reflexes were almost abolished. On morphological examination of the lumbar spinal cord, the number of interneurons was greatly reduced, whereas the small sized cells, presumably glial cells, were increased by about two times. Ventral horn motoneurons were also reduced. The lumbar spinal cords of the rigid cats were analysed for amino acid and substance P contents. Four major amino acids, aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA, were definitely reduced in both grey and white matter except that the glutamate level in the dorsal white was within the normal range. Content and distribution pattern of substance P were not altered in the lumbar cord of the rigid cats. These results are consistent with the notions that GABA occurs in the dorsal horn interneurons subserving primary afferent depolarisation, and that substance P is concentrated in primary afferent fibre terminals. The implications of the decrease of aspartate, glutamate and glycine in the spinal cord of rigid cats are discussed.     

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF CELL DIVISION IN THE CAMBIUM

The fine structure of dividing cambial cells of Ulmus americana and Tilia americana has been studied in material fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. The cambia examined consisted of 7–9 rows of unexpanded fusiform cells, all of which had similar ultrastructural components. The fine structure and sequence of events of mitosis and cytokinesis in the dividing cambial cells apparently are similar to those of dividing cells in root tips and leaves. Of special interest was the observation that during cytokinesis, a broad cytoplasmic plate or phragmosome precedes the developing phragmoplast and cell plate through the dividing cambial cell. Smooth and coated vesicles derived from dictyosomes are associated with cell plate formation in these cells, smooth vesicles primarily with earlier stages of plate formation, and coated vesicles in later stages.     

移植的5—羟色胺能神经元跨软脊膜迁入大鼠脊髓的研究

本文对移植的5-HT神经元从蛛网膜下腔跨软脊膜迁移进入脊髓作了初步研究。将含有5-HT细胞的胚胎中缝核组织小块或神经细胞悬浮液作为移植物,以5-HT免疫组织化学方法跟踪移植细胞,结果如下:(1)在低胸水平横切脊髓,10d后,横断脊髓内的5-HT纤维消失。(2)横切脊髓(方法同上)后,立即将中缝核组织小块移植在胸腰段脊髓的蛛网膜下腔,一月后.在横断脊髓内出现5-HT阳性神经元和纤维。5-HT纤维能在灰白质内延伸。(3)脊髓横断后,若以中缝核的细胞悬浮液代替组织小块,作上述移植,则在移植区附近的灰质内出现大量的5-HT阳性神经元。这些神经元在灰质内的分布范围与神经细胞悬浮液在蛛网膜下腔的移植范围相一致。迁入神经元能在灰质内重新形成5-HT阳性纤维网。(4)经上述移植后,灰质内出现的5-HT阳性纤维随远离细胞体而变得稀疏。白质内的5-HT阳性纤维远比灰质内稀少。本实验结果表明:移植在脊髓蛛网膜下腔的脑干5-HT细胞能跨软脊膜迁移进入脊髓。     

新生大鼠辣椒素处理后脊髓内阿片受体的变化

本实验用受体放射自显影方法,研究了新生大鼠辣椒素皮下注射,成年后脊髓内３Ｈ－埃托菲（３Ｈ－ｅｔｏｒｐｈｉｎｅ）结合位点数的变化。发现新生鼠辣椒素处理可以引起脊髓后角浅层及中央管周围’Ｈ－ｅｔｏｒｐｈｉｎｅ结合位点明显减,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ层自显影银粒数减少３６％左右。Ⅲ层减少２０％,中央管周围减少１１％。而前角及背外测束３Ｈ－ｅｔｏｒｐｈｉｎｅ结合位点数无显著性差异。结果表明脊髓内初级感觉传入细纤维上有阿片受体分布。本研究为探明阿片类物质在脊髓水平的痛觉调控机制提供一定的形态学依据。     

NEUROCHEMISTRY OF THE SPINAL CORD IN EXPERIMENTAL BORDER DISEASE (HYPOMYELINOGENESIS CONGENITA) OF LAMBS

Abstract— The total lipid, cholesterol (free and esterified), cerebroside, phospholipid and fat-free dry matter contents were estimated in spinal cords of lambs affected with experimentally produced Border Disease. Comparisons were made with a healthy control group and with a group of lambs obtained from vaccinated ewes.
Clinically affected lambs showing tremors ('shaking'), a'hairy'birthcoat or both were found to possess one or two myelin lipid abnormalities. These were a generalised deficiency of myelin lipids (notably cerebroside) and the presence of abnormal quantities of esterified cholesterol. The former was particularly associated with the birthcoat defect and the latter with the neurological signs.
Previous exposure of the ewes to the infective agent (vaccination 28 days before mating) appeared to give considerable protection against the degenerative lipid changes and against 'shaking'but less against myelin dysgenesis and'hairiness'.     

电针可促进前脑啡肽原mRNA在大鼠脊髓和延髓的表达：原位杂交研究

本实验室以往的研究表明电针可促进脊髓脑啡肽释放,本研究进一步利用原位杂交方法观察电针后前脑啡肽原mRNA在脊髓和延髓的表达。结果表明电针刺激(2Hz,1-2-3mA,30)后24h同侧脊髓背角前脑啡肽原(PPE)-mRNA阳性细胞数高于对侧。电针后对侧延髓腹内侧网状结构[包括延髓网状巨细胞核(Gi)及其α部(GiA)和Gi的外侧旁核(LPGi)]PPE-mRNA阳性细胞数高于同侧。我们推测电针诱发前脑啡肽原mRNA表达增加可弥补因脑啡肽释放增多而导致脑啡肽前体物质的损失,从而参与针刺镇痛的长期效应。     

粘虫蛾飞行肌的发育：超微结构特征分析

应用电子显微镜对正常条件下饲养的0-16日龄粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)雌蛾飞行肌超微结构的研究结果表明：肌原纤维直径。线粒体和横管的体积分量均随蛾龄的增加而增加,到7日龄达到最大值以后又随蛾龄的增加而下降;但是,肌节长度则随蛾龄的增加而缩短,到7日龄达到最短后又随蛾龄的增加而延长,从而使整条发育曲线呈“V”字形;肌原纤维和肌质网体积分量变化不大或无规律可寻;二位体在发育初期和未期的比例较高,而三位体在4和7口龄比例较高;肌丝排列从0～7日龄均是有序的,肌动蛋白丝(细丝)和肌球蛋白丝(粗丝)的数量比为3：1,粗丝的数量变化也不大,每根肌原纤维约有600根。但从10日龄开始肌丝排列出现紊乱,细丝全部消失,粗丝降解、数量减少了30%,从而使肌原纤维留下一片片的空白。根据这些结果,把7日龄前的飞行肌发育过程视为生长过程,而把10日龄后的视作降解过程。最后对粘虫蛾飞行肌与卵巢发育及其飞行能力变化的关系进行了讨论。     

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF SPORE WALL MORPHOGENESIS IN EQUISETUM ARVENSE

Spore wall morphogenesis of Equisetum arvense was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The spore wall of E. arvense consists of four layers: intine, exine, middle layer, and elater. The exine is formed after meiosis and consists of two distinct layers. The inner portion of the exine is formed in advance of the outer layer of the exine. The middle layer is deposited after the exine. The elater can be subdivided into two distinct layers. The inner layer comprises longitudinal microfibrils that surround the spore in spiral fashion. The elater appears as thin beltlike structures at the beginning of development. Numerous microtubules were observed on the inner surface of the plasmodial plasma membrane opposite the inner layer of the elater, suggesting that these microtubules are involved with the synthesis of inner elater microfibrils. The matrix of the outer elater is formed by discharge of granules from the plasmodial cytoplasm. The intine is the last component of the sporoderm to be formed.     

双歧杆菌诱发实验性大肠癌凋亡的电镜观察

本文以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,用透射电镜观察了青春型双歧杆菌对移植瘤超微结构的影响。结果表明：双歧杆菌经荷瘤鼠腹腔注射后能诱导多量大肠癌细胞凋亡,凋亡早期的细胞主要表现为核染色质浓缩边聚;中期为核膜破裂,胞核崩解,凋亡小体形成;晚期主要为邻近活细胞吞噬凋亡小体。提示双歧杆菌诱导大肠癌细胞程序化死亡可能是其抑瘤机制之一。     

地黄绒毡层二型性的超微结构研究

地黄的花药绒毡层具二型性,来源于初生壁细胞的ｐ－绒毡层,细胞较小,为分泌型绒毡层,在小孢子阶段产生乌氏体,于两细胞花粉阶段解体,来源于药隔的ｃ－绒毡层细胞较大,解体的时间早于ｐ－绒毡层,不同药室的ｃ－绒毡层解体的起始时间不一致,可始于小孢母细胞减数分裂,四分体或小孢子阶段,其径向壁面向药室的壁也较早地开始解体,细胞质碎片与细胞器流入药室,分散在小孢子之间,较早解体的ｃ－绒毡层细胞不产生原乌氏体与乌