白化和黄化茶树品种绿茶游离氨基酸、儿茶素类及咖啡碱差异分析

为探究以白化和黄化茶树品种鲜叶为原料制成的绿茶滋味品质和代谢物差异,对广德市6个白化品种绿茶(奶白茶)和14个黄化品种绿茶(黄金芽茶)进行感官审评和代谢物分析。结果表明,奶白茶滋味鲜爽而收敛性略弱;黄金芽茶滋味收敛性强而鲜度低于奶白茶。游离氨基酸总量以及呈现鲜味、甜味的游离氨基酸在奶白茶中的含量显著高于黄金芽茶,而贡献收敛性的儿茶素类化合物和没食子酸含量以及呈现苦味的咖啡碱含量在奶白茶中显著低于黄金芽茶。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)表明导致两种绿茶滋味差异的标志性化合物有7种,分别是茶氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和咖啡碱。味觉活性值(Dot)最高的EGCG在黄金芽茶中的呈味贡献显著高于奶白茶。因此,游离氨基酸、儿茶素类化合物、没食子酸和咖啡碱含量差异导致白化和黄化茶树品种绿茶滋味不同。     

乳蛋白位点等位基因表达特点的研究

本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,结合区带的相对含量扫描测定分析了乳蛋白位点杂合子奶牛乳样基因型,探讨乳蛋白基因的蛋白质表达特点。结果表明,各乳蛋白位点等位基因的蛋白质表达均有显著的不平衡性。αs l-CN B,C,β-LG A,B,κ-CN A,B相对含量间的差异达显著水平。β-CN位点各等位基因表达的蛋白质含量间差异不显著。     

PGC-1α及其在肌纤维类型转化中的作用

PGC-1α属于与能量代谢关系最密切的PGC-1转录辅助活化因子家族成员,最早在酵母双杂交体系中作为调控脂肪细胞分化的核受体PPARγ的辅激活因子被发现。PGC-1α在肌纤维类型转化中发挥重要作用,肌纤维类型及其组成是肌肉生长和肉品质形成的生物学基础,直接影响肌肉色泽、嫩度内脂肪含量。因此,研究PGC-1α在肌纤维类型转化中的调控作用,将为改善肉品质提供重要的理论依据。主要从PGC-1α的结构特点、作用特征及其在陆上动物和鱼类肌纤维类型转化中的最新进展等方面进行综述。     

适于加工面条的小麦品质研究现状

面条是我国北方人重要的主食。亚洲的面条主要分为日本加盐白色面条(WSN)和中国加碱黄色面条(YAN)两大类。与加工面条品质有关的小麦品质性状主要有籽粒制粉品质、面粉蛋白质或面筋的量和质、淀粉特性、色素含量,α-淀粉酶活性、脂类组成等。本文对适于加工面条的小麦品质特性的研究现状进行了综述。     

适于加工面条的小麦品质研究现状

面条是我国北方人重要的主食。亚洲的面条主要分为日本加盐白色面条(WSN)和中国加碱黄色面条(YAN)两大类。与加工面条品质有关的小麦品质性状主要有籽粒制粉品质、面粉蛋白质或面筋的量和质、淀粉特性、色素含量，α-淀粉酶活性、脂类组成等。本文对适于加工面条的小麦品质特性的研究现状进行了综述。     

转trxS基因大麦发芽种子水解酶活性的变化

利用转基因技术是改良大麦品种品质的有效途径.研究了转trxS基因对大麦种子发芽过程中水解酶活性的影响,结果表明转基因种子中α-淀粉酶、自由态β-淀粉酶和极限糊精酶的活性比未转基因种子高;转基因种子醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白中巯基的含量提高,说明该基因能够表达,为大麦育种和品质改良提供新的途径.     

L-色氨酸

<正> L-色氨酸是Hopkins和Kole于1901年发现和分离出来的氨基酸。它是一个含吲哚基的芳香族氨基酸。其化学名称为α-氨基—β-吲哚丙酸。在天然蛋白质中,一般含量甚低。含量较高的蛋、奶、肉类等动物蛋白仍不超过1%,植物蛋白中含量一般很低。特别在玉米、木茨、葫萝卜中,色氨酸含量几乎测不出来。此外,还以一些衍生物存在于自然界,如:可可的干酪苦味就是与     

L-色氨酸

<正> L-色氨酸是Hopkins和Kole于1901年发现和分离出来的氨基酸。它是一个含吲哚基的芳香族氨基酸。其化学名称为α-氨基—β-吲哚丙酸。在天然蛋白质中,一般含量甚低。含量较高的蛋、奶、肉类等动物蛋白仍不超过1%,植物蛋白中含量一般很低。特别在玉米、木茨、葫萝卜中,色氨酸含量几乎测不出来。此外,还以一些衍生物存在于自然界,如:可可的干酪苦味就是与     

山西重要黍稷种质资源品质性状的初步鉴定与评价

营养品质和口感品质是组成黍稷种质子粒品质的重要组成部分。粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量是组成营养品质的主要成分,赖氨酸和可溶性糖含量是组成口感品质的主要成分。通过对山西省有代表性的90份黍稷种质的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸和可溶性糖的测定,评价了参试黍稷种质资源的营养品质和口感品质。结果表明,黍稷种质资源的粗蛋白平均含量为11.88%,粗脂肪平均含量为3.69%,赖氨酸平均含量为0.19%,可溶性糖平均含量为2.04%。鉴定筛选出7份粗蛋白含量13.00%、粗脂肪含量4.00%以上的高营养品质种质;15份赖氨酸含量0.20%以上、可溶性糖含量2.00%以上的口感品质优的种质;3份粗蛋白含量13.00%以上、粗脂肪含量4.00%以上、赖氨酸含量0.20%以上和可溶性糖含量2.00%以上的营养品质和口感品质均优的种质。营养品质和口感品质与不同类型种质的相关性分析表明,稷的营养品质好于黍,黍的口感品质好于稷,红粒种质营养品质和口感品质最好,白、褐、复色的种质居中,黄粒的最差;粒形和营养品质及口感品质相关不显著。研究结果为今后优质种质利用提供了参考依据。     

缺血-再灌注时大鼠心脏Gi蛋白α亚基的变化

本工作研究了心肌缺血－再灌注时,受体－腺苷酸环化酶细胞膜信号转导系统中Ｇ蛋白含量及功能的变化。采用免疫印迹法和放射免疫法分别测定大鼠心脏Ｇｉα２,Ｇｉα３和Ｇｓα的含量及腺苷酸环化酶的活性。结果显示缺血－再灌注时心功能明显损伤;心脏Ｇｓα无明显变化;心肌细胞膜Ｃｉα２和Ｇｉα３含量分别升高３７．４％（Ｐ〈０．０１）和４２．４％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;胞浆内Ｇｉα２和Ｇｉα３含量无明显变化;缺血心肌腺苷酸     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.