野葛的饲用价值

野葛[Pueraria lobata (willd) ohwi]是豆科多年生草质藤本植物。野葛亦称葛藤,葛麻叶,甜葛藤,粉葛藤等。野葛既是丛林野生植物,亦可引种栽培以供药用、食用及饲用等。野葛的根、蔓、叶、花、果(葛谷)均可入药。葛根富含淀粉(葛粉),用葛粉可制多种风味保健食品及饮料。野葛的蔓可长达20多米,枝叶繁多,营养丰富,因而也是常见的饲用植物之一。     

葛根淀粉加工工艺研究

以葛根淀粉提取率和黄酮保存率为指标,研究了葛根淀粉加工工艺,并确定了工艺参数,以此工艺参数加工的葛根淀粉,其黄酮含量是市售葛粉的黄酮含量的１０倍     

葛根淀粉的采集和加工方法

葛,又名野葛、葛藤,豆科藤本。块根含淀粉20％以上。经过粉碎、漂洗、沉淀等工序,可以从葛中分离提取出葛粉,其质地洁白、细嫩,除富含大量淀粉外,还含少量维生素和矿物质,是营养丰富的高级淀粉。将葛粉用沸水冲调,即成为稠粘胶状,晶莹透明、气味芳香、爽滑可口,加入食糖或其他佐料搅拌后,就成为一种美味的凉点,此外还可制糕饼、粉丝等。其产品易于硝化,还具有清热润肺的功效。十分适于老人、小孩、产妇和病人食     

葛粉作为保健食品的探讨

一、葛粉原植物体野葛的形态特征葛粉是野葛(Pueraria Lobata)的块根经磨碾碾后水冲洗过滤沉淀的所得的淀粉。野葛是蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)一种多年生藤本,块根肥厚。全株各部分被黄褐色长粗毛。叶互生,具长柄。3出复叶,顶生小叶菱状卵形.长6～19厘米,宽5—18厘米,先端急尖,基部圆形,有时有浅裂,下面有霜粉,两面有毛。侧生小叶宽卵形,有时有裂片,基部偏斜。托叶盾形、小托叶针状。总状花序腋生,花密,小苞片卵形成或披针形、萼钟状,萼齿     

起垄栽培对土壤理化性质、粉葛生物量及其重金属镉富集的影响

为研究新余地区镉污染稻田治理方法,筛选稻田替代种植经济作物,以赣葛1号为试验材料,设置2种栽培方式(平作、垄作),分析起垄栽培对土壤理化性质、镉含量、粉葛葛根产量、生物量及其对重金属镉富集的影响。结果表明,与平作栽培相比,垄作栽培增加了粉葛块根产量(13.96%)和地上部生物量(7.02%)。垄作栽培增加了土壤pH、有机质、阳离子交换量、全镉和有效态镉含量,增幅分别为7.34%、11.48%、0.97%、16.67%和8.00%。垄作栽培还提高了粉葛块根、葛渣、葛头和叶片中镉含量,分别增加了67.74%、52.24%、20.51%和5.43%,但减轻了葛粉、主藤和侧枝中镉含量,分别降低了20.00%、10.13%和3.54%。粉葛不同部位中镉含量表现为:侧枝>主藤>葛头>叶片>块根。综上,起垄栽培可改善土壤环境,提高粉葛产量和生物量,但有增加土壤和粉葛中镉含量的风险。     

中国外来入侵物种的分布与传入路径分析

外来物种入侵已成为全球性的环境问题,本文采用文献调研,实地考察与专家咨询相结合的方式,调查了全国陆生,淡水水生生态系统中外来入侵微生物,无脊椎动物,两栖爬行类,鱼类,鸟类,哺乳类,杂草,树木和海洋生态系统中外来入侵物种的种类及分类地位,起源,引入路径和环境影响等内容。查明我国共有283种外来入侵物种,其中外来入侵微生物,水生植物,陆生植物,水生无脊椎动物,陆生无脊椎动物,两栖爬行类,鱼类,哺乳类分别为19种,18种,170种,25种,33种,3种,10种和5种,来源于美洲,欧洲,亚洲,非洲,大洋洲的外来入侵物种分别占55.1%,21.7%,9.9%.8.1%和0.6%。我国对外来物种的引进存在一定程度的盲目性;50.%的外来入侵植物是作为牧草或饲料,观赏植物,纤维植物,药用植物,蔬菜,草坪模特而引进的;25%的外来入侵动物是用于养殖,观赏,生物防治的引种,对外来物种只重引进,疏于管理,也可能导致外来物种逃逸到自然环境中,造成潜在的环境意传入的;76.3%的外来入侵动物是由于检查不严,随贸易物品或运输工具传入我国的。因此,我国既要加强检疫工作,又要对外来物种的有意引进进行严格管理,实行外来物种引进的风险评估制度。     

四川唐家河羚牛、鬣羚、斑羚春冬季生境选择比较研究

1998年3月－1999年2月,在四川省青川县唐家河自然保护区,运用逐步判别分析的方法,对羚牛,鬣羚,斑羚春冬季对生境的利用进行了对比研究,研究结果表明,虽然它们在生境选择上有部分重叠,但是其对生境的利用方式均有显著的差异,在春季,羚牛主要利用海拔较高,食物丰富度高,灌木较大,离灌木较远的生境,鬣羚和斑羚主要利用海拔较低,食物丰富度中等,灌木较小,离灌木较近的生境,在冬季,羚牛主要利用坡度适中,海拔适中,乔木较大,乔木较稀,离乔木较远的生境,鬣羚主要利用坡度较陡,海拔较高,乔木较小,乔木较稀,离乔木适蝇的生境;斑羚主要利用坡度较缓,海拔较低,乔木较小,乔木较密,离乔木较近的生境。     

粘细菌生态多样性的初步研究

通过对河北,云南,青藏高原不同地区的粘细菌进行生态多样的研究,从42个样品中分离得到了10个属（Archangium,Myxococcus,Cystobacter,Corallococcus,Melittangium,Sorangium,Polyangium,Chondromyces,Angiococccus,Stigmatella)的150余株粘细菌,其中包括一些尚未有描述的菌株,有待鉴定,根据这些菌株的子实体结构,菌落形态,营养细胞,粘孢子形态等特征将它们初步鉴定到属,对这些特有自然生态环境的粘细菌按不同地点,植被,营养基质进行统计比较,结果表明,粘细菌生态分布极为广泛,具有丰富的生态多样性,以上结果为粘细菌生物资源的有效开发利用奠定了基础。     

生物教学中幻灯片的绘制

我们正跨入一个教育大跃进的时代,今后要发展普通中学,各级师范学校,大办农业中学,及各种专门的农校,为蚕桑中学,林业中学,渔业中学,茶业中学,果树中学,工生学校,体育学校……等,这对我们生物教师来讲,怎样进一步来改进生物教育学去适应即将到来的文化革命是一个迫切需要的问题。有关生物各科的教学是需要多种多样的形式和教具的,但这里电化教育是很重要的,可是其中如厂播,电影在国内现有的条件下受器材和电源的限制,尚难推行,而幻灯价格较便宜,也易自已制造,有许多地方自已制造出“土幻灯”,器材简单,而且用汽灯代替电灯,不受电源的限制,现在上海电影机械厂制造的5503式幻灯机,即可用汽灯放映,价格仅二十三元,各地均可函购,这是农村或边区中学也可以办到的。可是现     

磁疗法治疗颈椎病的应用进展

颈椎病是一种常见疾病,尤其中老年人的发病率较高,是一种骨质的退行性变化,颈椎骨质增生,形成骨赘或骨刺,颈椎的椎间隙缩小变窄,椎间孔变小,压迫神经根,如颈后部疼痛,上肢发生放射性疼痛,麻木,增生的骨赘或骨刺,压迫与刺激其周围软组织,引起软组织发生渗出与肿胀,又加重其压迫症状,增加患者的疾病痛苦,目前对颈椎病的治疗,尚无特殊效果的治疗方法。磁疗法是利用磁场治疗的方法,它已成为治疗颈椎病的有效方法,对于缓解颈椎病引起的症状,减轻患者的疾病痛苦,有着积极作用,恒定磁场与脉冲磁场,是磁疗法中常用的两种不同类型的磁场,恒定磁场是由…     

葛根资源的开发利用

本文简述了我国葛根资源的分布、葛根的生物学特性、主要化学成分及医疗作用和营养保健功能以及葛根资源的利用现关,对葛根生物技术产业的前景进行了分析,并介绍了葛根的加工利用方法。     

Protection by 3'-methoxypuerarin of rat hippocampal neurons against ischemia/reperfusion injury

3'-Methoxypuerarin (3'-MOP) is an isoflavone extracted from radix puerariae. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and the mechanism of 3'-MOP in the protection of hippocampal neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. I/R injury was induced by a modified four-vessel occlusion model. Rats were randomly divided into an I/R group, an I/R + 3'-MOP group and a control group. Histological changes in the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region were observed with hematoxylin and eosine (H&E) staining. The apoptotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area were counted with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The results showed that compared with the I/R group, 3'-MOP increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.001) and markedly reduced the number of apoptotic pyramidal neurons (P < 0.001) after I/R injury. In conclusion, 3'-MOP can protect hippocampal neurons against I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis.     

当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外鉴别

为寻找当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外吸收光谱鉴别特征，采用紫外谱线组法对三者在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱图进行比较。结果表明，当归和独活在四种极性溶剂中均存在明显差异，而当归和欧当归仅在无水乙醇和蒸馏水溶剂中鉴别差异显著。紫外谱线组法可以鉴别当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归。     

葛根芩连汤加蒲公英灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床观察

目的:观察中药葛根芩连汤加蒲公英灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效。方法:溃疡性结肠炎患者113例,随机分为治疗组(60例)和对照组(53例),前者用蒲公英葛根芩连汤灌肠,后者用柳氮黄吡啶治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率为90%,对照组总有效率75.5%,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:中药葛根芩连汤加蒲公英灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效好,建议临床推广应用。     

天门冬水提液及其纳米中药对衰老模型小鼠NOS、NO、LPF的影响

目的:探讨中药天门冬及其纳米化后对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠血清和肝的抗氧化作用.方法:采用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别ig相同剂量的天门冬水提液及其纳米中药15 d,测定衰老小鼠血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,一氧化氮(NO)含量及肝组织中脂褐素(LP下)的含量.结果:天门冬水提波及其纳米中药均能显著增强小鼠血清中NOS的活性(P＜0.01),提高N0含量(P＜0.05),降低LPF含量(P＜0.05),且纳米中药的药效强于天门冬水提液的药效(P＜0.05).结论:天门冬水提液及其纳米中药均有抗氧化作用,且纳米中药比水提液药效更好.     

发酵黄芪的乳酸菌的驯化及其与黄芪相互作用研究

目的驯化能发酵黄芪的优良乳酸菌并研究其与黄芪的相互作用,为开发新型饲料添加剂做准备。方法选取能厌氧发酵黄芪药液的优良乳酸菌,通过在添加黄芪药液的发酵培养基中反复传代对其进行驯化,并用蒽酮-硫酸法测定发酵前后粗多糖的含量,用比浊法测定菌体浓度,并用单因素法研究了最佳黄芪添加量和最佳接种量,初步研究驯化菌株与黄芪药液的相互作用。结果经过6次传代驯化后,驯化菌株发酵黄芪药液后可使其粗多糖得率提高111．9％,而黄芪药液能促进驯化菌株的增殖,可使菌体浓度提高251％。结论驯化菌株与黄芪药液发生了良性的相互作用,有可能开发出新型饲料添加剂。     

Extracts of Rehmanniae radix, Ginseng radix and Scutellariae radix improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation through IRS2 induction

Recent studies have revealed that beta-cell dysfunction is an important factor in developing type 2 diabetes. beta-cell dysfunction is related to impairment of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling cascade through insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2). The induction of IRS2 in beta-cells plays an important role in potentiating beta-cell function and mass. In this study, we investigated whether herbs used for treating diabetes in Chinese medicine-Galla rhois, Rehmanniae radix, Machilus bark, Ginseng radix, Polygonatum radix, and Scutellariae radix-improved IRS2 induction in rat islets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta-cell survival. R. radix, Ginseng radix and S. radix significantly enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared to the control, i.e., by 49, 67 and 58%, respectively. These herbs induced the expression of IRS2, pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and glucokinase. The increased level of glucokinase could explain the enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with these extracts. Increased PDX-1 expression was associated with beta-cell proliferation, which was consistent with the cell viability assay. In conclusion, R. radix, Ginseng radix and S. radix had an insulinotropic action similar to that of exendin-4.     

One-step rapid determination and purification of puerarin from Radix puerariae by n-octylamine-modified poly(methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith

n-Octylamine-modified poly(methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths were prepared for rapid screening, determination and one-step purification of puerarin from Radix puerariae (a crude extract of the root of Pueraria lobata). The modified monolith showed a specific surface area of 17.8 m(2) g(-1), an average pore size of 0.76 microm and a total porosity of 60.8%. Fast separation of R. puerariae crude extract was achieved within 5 min at a flow velocity of 722 cm h(-1) resulting in a puerarin purity of 97%, with a recovery of 85%. This demonstrates the potential of n-octylamine-modified poly(methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith for the rapid analysis and separation of isoflavonoids. Preparative scale sample loading (12 mg in 2 mL) resulted in a purity of 95%, and a recovery of about 69%. HPLC, FTIR, MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were used for the characterization and quantification of puerarin in isolated fraction.     

天门冬纳米制剂对小鼠抗氧化系统的影响

目的:探讨中药天门冬及其纳米制剂对小鼠心肌线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响,观察纳米制剂能否更有效地改善机体的抗氧化能力.方法:采用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别ig相同剂量的天门冬水提液及其纳米中药15 d,测定衰老小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD活性、MDA含量及肝组织中GSH-Px活性.结果:天门冬水提液及其纳米中药均能显著增强天门冬及其纳米中药均可提高小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD的活性(P<0.01),肝组织GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),降低心肌线粒体中MDA(P<0.05),且纳米中药的药效强于天门冬水提液的药效(P<0.01).结论:天门冬纳米制剂抗氧化能力优于天门冬超声波水提液.     

Hwangryun-Hae-Dok-tang (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang) extract and its constituents reduce ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and neutrophil infiltration in rats

The preventive effect of Hwangryun-Hae-Dok-tang (HHDT, Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang), a Chinese herbal medicine, and its ingredients on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury was evaluated in the rat brain. HHDT consists of four herbs, namely, Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix, Phellodendri cortex, and Gardeniae fructus. Ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 120 min and reperfusion was continued for 22 h. HHDT (200 mg/kg), Coptidis rhizoma (100 mg/kg), Scutellariae radix (100 mg/kg), Phellodendri cortex (100 mg/kg), and Gardeniae fructus (100 mg/kg) were orally administered, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion. Baicalein, a component of Scutellariae radix, was also examined at a dosage of 50 mg/kg given 2 h apart, promptly prior to and 2 h after reperfusion. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemisphere of ischemia/reperfusion rats was significantly lowered by treatment with HHDT, Scutellariae radix, and balicalein. However, the other ingredient of HHDT did not show any ameliorating effects on total infarction volume. The inhibiting effect of Scutellariae radix on total infarction volume was much higher than that of the others. In addition, HHDT, Scutellariae radix, and baicalein significantly inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration in ischemic brain tissue at about the same rate (30%). There was marked mismatch between total infarction volume and MPO activity in the Scutellariae radix-treated rats but not in the HHDT- and baicalein-treated groups. Our findings suggest that Scutellariae radix as an ingredient of HHDT plays a crucial protective role in ischemia-induced brain injury. In addition, it is apparent that the effect of Scutellariae radix is the result, in part, of baicalein, a compound contained in Scutellariae radix.