撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

猪雌激素受体基因Pvu II多态性与产仔数性状的关系

雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ESR）能调控雌激素的合成,影响繁殖功能。将ESR基因作为控制猪产仔数的候选基因,分析其Pvu II多态性与高产猪种莱芜猪和国外引进猪种长白猪产仔数的关系。序列分析发现,PCR扩增区56bp的Pvu II酶切片段位于RFLP分析获得的37kb正向序列的起始部分。因ESR基因在高产仔数的莱芜猪中的Pvu II多态性分布不能证实B基因为优势基因,故推测37kb条带对该猪种产仔数可能不起决定作用。Abstract:Estrogen receptor (ESR) can regulate the synthesis of oestrogen and affect the reproduction of swine.The relationship between PvuII polymorphisms at estrogen receptor gene and litter size was analyzed in Laiwu breed and Landrace breed by candidate gene method.The results were shown that 56bp of PvuII polymorphisms was the same as the beginning sequence of 37kb of RFLP.The distribution of PvuII polymorphisms also could not prove that B gene was a superior gene,and there was no decisive effect of 37kb band on litter size in pigs.     

初学者做好蛋白质SDS—PAGE需要注意的一些问题

针对初学者在做蛋白质SDS—PAGE时经常遇到的一些问题提出了一些切实可行的解决办法。     

猪重要胴体性状的遗传定位

为了寻找影响猪重要胴体性状主基因在染色体的位置,我们以大白猪和梅山猪为父母本建立了F2资源家系。随机选留81头F2代个体,经屠宰获得猪胴体性状数据。结合家系个体的48个微卫星标记基因型,用线性模型最小二乘法对各胴体性状进行数量性状基因座（QTL）的区间定位。定位结果表明位于猪染色体（SSC）4号的瘦肉率和瘦肉量QTL达到基因组极显著水平;SSC1、2和4上眼肌面积QTL达到染色体显著水平;位于SSC1和4上的眼肌高度QTL与眼肌面积QTL在同一染色体区域;而眼肌宽度QTL位于SSC6;位于SSC7同一标记区间的皮重、皮率、骨重和骨率QTL表现出很好的一致性,均达到染色体显著水平。SSC6和7的体长QTL达到染色体显著水平。 Abstract: To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body composition traits in pigs, a resource family with three-generation was developed by using Large White grand sires and Meishan grand dams. A total of 81 F2 progenies were phenotyped for body composition. All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers. The main results are as follows:, the strongest linkages at genome-wise level of lean meat percentage and total meat content were detected on SSC1 and 4. QTLs for loin eye area were located on SSC1, 2 and 4, QTLs for loin eye height on SSC 1 and 4, and QTLs for loin eye width on SSC 6. The best positions estimated for QTLs of skin percentage and of skin weight were in the same marker interval. Two QTLs significant at genome-wise level or highly significant at chromosome-wide level for carcass length were located on SSC6 and 7.     

猪的肉质性状基因定位研究进展

随着生活水平的提高,猪肉的肉质问题已引起消费者和生产者的重视。遗传因素是改善肉质品质的关键。对猪的肉质性状进行数量性状位点(QTL)定位是当前国际畜禽遗传育种的一个热点。本文较全面地介绍了有关肉质基因定位的情况,包括基本明确的主效基因:氟烷基因和酸肉基因;肌内脂肪的统计分析、候选基因及基因扫描定位结果:以及肌纤维、嫩度、多汁性、失水率、pH值和肉色的定位。同时论讨了肉质检验和基因定位面临的问题。Abstract:People tend to be interested in meat quality when the standand of living has been increased.Location of quantitative trait loci(QTL)affecting meat quality were performed in many countries.The objective of this review is to provide a detailed introduction of meat quality mapping in pig.It included halothane gene,acid meat gene,intramuscular fat,firmness,fruice,drop loss,pH value and meat color.It also discussed the problems of meat quality testing and QTL mapping.     

猪主要经济性状候选基因的研究进展

随着人类基因组计划的完成和动物基因组计划的进行,许多控制动物经济性状的主基因逐渐被发现,并显示出巨大的应用前景。本文概述了影响猪繁殖、肉质、生长发育等主要经济性状的主基因的基因大小、基因定位和基因效应等,对主基因的研究在动物遗传育种科学发展中的意义也作了一些阐述。Abstract:With the accomplishment of human genome project and the development of animal genome project,many major genes affecting animal economic traits were gradually detected,and they show great application prospect.Major genes affecting reproductive traits,meat quality traits,growing and developing traits of pig are summarized from their size,location and effect.In addition,the meaning of major gene in the improvement of animal breeding and genetics is also discussed.     

蛋鸡品系RAPD变异及其与杂种优势关系的分析

为探讨RAPD标记在家鸡杂种优势预测中的应用价值, 分析了力康白壳蛋鸡纯系的RAPD变异及其与杂种优势的关系。5个纯系内和系间显示出低水平的变异。根据品系间遗传距离DS用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,品系a、e、d聚为一类, 而h、l聚为另一类。简单线性相关分析表明,父系相似系数与F1代的60周龄产蛋数存在正相关而与蛋重的杂种优势率存在负相关;母系相似系数与产蛋数的杂种优势率存在高度负相关。但品系间遗传距离与各性状及其杂种优势率之间没有显著的相关关系。Abstract　To assess the value of RAPD markers for the prediction of heterosis in chicken, analyses of data from a crossbreeding experiment and RAPD assays of 5 Leghorn white shell lines (a, d, e, h, l) were conducted. The RAPD showed a low level of variability within and among 5 lines. The dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on inter-line genetic distance (DS), which indicted that 5 lines were clustered into two groups: one consisting of line a, e, d, and the other line h, l. The above results were consistent with the pedigree information of the pure lines. By using linear correlation, it was shown that similarity coeffcient within paternal line was positively correlated with 60-week egg number and negatively correlated with the heterosis for egg weight, and that similarity index within maternal line was highly negatively correlated with the heterosis for egg number. However, no significant correlations between genetic distance and traits or their heterosis were found.     

赣中南花猪随机扩增多态DNA与群体遗传关系的研究

用RAPD技术检测了泰和冠朝猪、永丰藤田花猪、瑞金三花猪、兴国茶园猪、上犹花猪、万安花猪、乐安花猪等7个赣中南花猪地方类群基因组混合DNA的多态性,经80个随机引物扩增筛选,16个引物产生了共44个多态标记。遗传距离指数计算结果显示：泰和冠朝猪和瑞金三花猪亲缘关系最近,而兴国茶园猪与乐安花猪遗传距离最远。各类群的UPMGA和NJ聚类分析结果与采用生化、免疫和细胞遗传标记分析的结论不尽相同,在此基础上,结合现行分类方法,认为各受试猪群可暂时归并为赣中南花猪类型,但对泰和冠朝猪和万安花猪的品种归属性应作进一步分析。Abstract: Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) were used to investigate bulked genomic DNA polymorphism of seven pig populations including Taihe Guanchao,Yongfeng Tengtian Spotted,Ruijin Spotted,Xingguo Chayuan,Shangyou Spotted,Wanan Spotted,and Lean Spotted pig.Eighty random primers were screened,of them,16 primers generated polymorphic markers with total number of 44.The genetic distance index matrix indicated that the genetic relationship between Taihe Gaunchao and Ruijin Spotted pig population was the closest,while that between Xingguo Chayuan and Laan Spotted pig population was the farthest.Our molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by UPMGA and NJ methods were in general consistent with that based on biochemical,immunogenetic and cellular genetic markers except for differences in some populations.It was inferred from this study that all pig populations examined could be temporary classified into one breed,however,the population genetic character of Taihe Guanchao and Wanan Spotted pig populations should be further evaluated.     

含不同比例莱芜猪血缘杂交猪胴体品质及 肉质特性的研究

摘 要： 以莱芜猪、3/4莱芜猪、1/2莱芜猪、1/4莱芜猪和大约克夏猪（共60头）为研究对象,在同样条件下饲养至90kg屠宰,研究比较不同比例莱芜猪血缘对肥育猪胴体品质和肉质特性的影响。结果表明：不同血缘结构的试验猪间在胴体重、胴体长、后腿比例和背膘厚方面存在显著的差异（P<0.05）;眼肌面积和瘦肉率方面则存在极显著的差异（P<0.01）,并且是随莱芜猪血缘含量的减少,其胴体长、后腿比例、眼肌面积和瘦肉率逐渐增高,而其背膘厚逐渐降低。在肉质特性方面,不同血缘结构的试验猪间肌肉的大理石纹、肉色、干物质和粗蛋白含量存在显著的差异（P<0.05）;而肌肉失水率、滴水损失及肌内脂肪含量存在极显著的差异（P<0.01）。在同样体重下,莱芜猪及其杂交猪与大约克夏猪相比,其肌肉具有鲜红的肉色、良好的持水性能和较丰富的肌内脂肪。研究结果提示：为兼顾产肉性能与肉质特性而进行的优质肉猪生产,莱芜猪有其独特的利用价值,其适宜的血缘比例应控制在1/4左右。Abstract: Sixty pigs, including pure Laiwu Black (LL), pure Large Yorkshire (YY), 1/2 Laiwu (Y♂×L♀), 3/4 Laiwu (L♂×YL♀) and 1/4 Laiwu (Y♂×YL♀), were housed in groups with the same diet until 90kg for slaughter. The objectives were to investigate the effects of graded proportions of Laiwu Black genes on carcass and meat quality performance. Results indicated that different consanguinity had significant effect on carcass weight, carcass length (CL), ham percentage (HP) and backfat thickness (BT) (P<0.05), and had highly significant effect on eye muscle area (EMA) and lean percentage (LP) (P<0.01). Furthermore, CL, HP, EMA and LP tended to increased gradually, but BT tended to decreased gradually as Laiwu Black genes decreased. For meat quality properties, different consanguinity had significant effect on meat color, marbling score, dry matter and crude protein content of muscles (P<0.05), and had highly significant effect on water loss, drip loss and intramuscular fat content of muscles (P<0.01). Compared with the muscle of Large Yorkshire, that of Laiwu Black and its crossbred pigs were bright red in meat color, high in water holding capacity and abundant in intramuscular fat. Results implied that to give attention to both quantity and quality, Laiwu Black surely has usable precious value in superior pig production. Commercial crossbred pigs should have about 1/4 of Laiwu Black genes.