三种螽斯科昆虫的核型研究

本文首次报道中国螽斯科3种昆虫的染色体核型,结果表明:中华螽斯Tettigonia chinensis 2n♂=31均为近端着丝粒染色体,暗褐蝈螽Gampsocleis obscura 2n♂=31也均为近端着丝粒染色体,中华寰螽Atlanticus sinensis 2n♂=29第1对染色体为中部着丝粒染色体,其余为近端部着丝粒染色体。这3 种螽斯的性别决定机制均为XO♂/XX♀型。 Abstract:The karyotypes of three species belonging to three genera of Tettigoniidae were investigated.The diploid number of chromosomes for Tettigonia chinensis is 2n♂=31,for Gampsocleis obscura 2n♂=31,Atlanticus sinensis 2n♂=29.In the three species,the XO♂/XX♀type of sex determination was observed.     

四种露螽消化道内壁的电镜观察

主要运用生理解剖及扫描电镜技术对螽斯总科露螽科Phaneropteridae 4种螽斯消化道的内部结构进行了比较.     

五种蟋蟀染色体的研究 A Study on Chromosomes in Five Crickets

报道了中国4种蟋蟀的染色体C带核型,即黑脸油葫芦 Teleogryllus occipitalis (Serville,1838),2n=27,XO(♂);银川油葫芦 T.infernalis (Saussure,1877),2n=27,XO(♂);迷卡斗蟋 Velarifictorus micado (Saussure,1877),2n=29,XO(♂);泰康棺头蟋 Loxoblemmus taicoun (Saussure,1877),2n=17,XO(♂)及长颚斗蟋V.aspersus (Walker,1869)的核型即2n=23,XO(♂)。4种蟋蟀各染色体均显示强的着丝粒带,多数染色体显强或中的端带,斗蟋属(Velarifictorus)1种部分染色体显示居间带,油葫芦属(Teleogryllus)2种和棺头蟋属（Loxoblemmus）1种无居间带,各物种表现出明显的种类特异性。对蟋蟀染色体及C带核型在分类中的意义作了初步的探讨。 Abstract:This is a report on the chromosome C-banded karyotypes of four Gryllidae species in China.They are Teleogryllus occipitalis(Serville,1838),2n=27,XO(♂);T.infernalis(Saussure,1877),2n=27,XO(♂);Velarifictorus micado (Saussure,1877),2n=29,XO(♂);Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure,1877,2n=17,XO(♂).And another karyotype is reported as well,it is V.aspersus（Walker,1869）,2n=23,XO(♂).All chromosomes of the four crickets show strong paracentric C-bands,lots of the arms show strong or median terminal C-bands,and some chromosomes of V.micado show middle C-bands.In addition,the total heterochromatin content of the four crickets was shown.The cytotaxonomic significance is discussed.     

中国掩耳螽属二新种记述(直翅目：螽总科,露螽科)

记述中国露螽科Phaneropteridae二新种：长裂掩耳螽Elimaea longifissa sp. Nov.,采自江西;短板掩耳螽E. brevilamina sp. Nov., 采自福建。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

中国掩耳螽属二新种记述 (直翅目：螽总科,露螽科)

 记述中国露螽科Phaneropteridae二新种：长裂掩耳螽Elima ea longifissa sp. Nov.,采自江西;短板掩耳螽E.brevilamina sp. Nov., 采自 福建。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

两种蛩螽的染色体核型(直翅目,螽斯科)

报道中国蛩螽亚科巨叉畸螽Teratura(Macroteratura)megafurcula(Tinkham,1944)和贺氏栖螽Xizicus(Eoxizicus) howardi(Tinkham,1956)的染色体核型,染色体数目2n(♂)=31,均为近端着丝粒染色体,性别决定机制为XO/XX型.研究显示,巨叉畸螽的性染色体,常染色体中的大型染色体和中型染色体相对较大,而小型染色体比贺氏栖螽的染色体相对较小.     

新疆天山西部螽蟖科的考察

<正> 对于新疆螽蟖的研究,只见吴亚同志(1977)对两种戈壁硕螽蟖有过正式研究报道。 1981年8月,我们到新疆天山西部伊犁果子沟山区,芦草沟和赛里木湖等地对螽蟖科昆虫的种类及其发生分布情况进行了考察,现报道如下: 一、螽蟖种类 在所采集的200余号标本中,经整理鉴定计有10种,分隶于螽蟖科(Tettigoniidae)中的4亚科8属: (一)树螽亚科Phaneropterinae 1.板翅螽蟖Phaneroptera falcata(Poda.) (二)草螽亚科Conocephalinae 2.普通草螽Conocephalus discolor Thunb. (三)尖头螽亚科Copiphorinae     

六种麻蜥核型的研究

报道麻蜥属(Eremias ,Lacertidae) 6种15个不同居群的染色体核型及银分带核型。丽斑麻蜥（E. argus）、快步麻蜥(E. velox)、敏麻蜥(E. arguta)、密点麻蜥(E. multiocellata)、网纹麻蜥（E. grammica ）的核型一致：2n=38=36I+ 2m,NF=38;虫纹麻蜥（E. vermiculata） 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m, NF=50。中国麻蜥属的核型可分为3个类型：（1）丽斑麻蜥型（2）山地麻蜥(E. brenchleyi)型（3）虫纹麻蜥型。虫纹麻蜥核型演化有两种可能性（1）经历三倍体阶段,并通过罗伯逊易位形成;（2）通过染色体臂间倒位形成,倒位成因可能和天山山脉以及青藏高原的隆起有关。密点麻蜥、快步麻蜥、敏麻蜥、网纹麻蜥、虫纹麻蜥均观察到一对NOR于一对较小染色体对上。雌雄个体中均未发现性异型染色体。Abstract: Based on the Giemsa-dyeing karyotypes and silver-staining bands of 15 populations from different localities in China belonging to 6 species of the genus Eremias , We found all species studied have 19 pairs of chromosomes, the size of chromosomes reduces gradually and there are no marked differences between the arranged pairs of macrochromosomes except the last pair of microchromosome. There are the same karyotype formula as 2n=38=36I+2m with NF=38 in E. argus、 E. multiocellata、 E. velox、 E. arguta and E. grammica; but the karyotype formula of E.vermiculata is different as 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m with NF=50. The NOR are all located on one small pair in female of E. velox, and E. arguta , in male of E. grammica and E. vermiculata ,and in both male and female of E. multiocellata. We have not found two or more than two pairs of NOR. Having one pair of NOR may be common in Genus Eremias and also the trait of Eremias. We speculate that the derivation of the karyotype of E.vermiculata had two possible way: one experienced the stage of triploid, and later the Robertsonian transposal of chromosomes; the other way was through the inversions between the arms on the chromosome and the phenomenon of inversions might occur during or subsequently after the upheaval of the Tibet and Qinghai plateau and the founding of the Tianshan . With regard to the trend of the evolution of chromosomes in the lizards [1], the karyotype of E.vermiculata is more advanced. Making specialties of E. vermiculata will help in building the phylogenic tree of Eremias. In both male and female of the species studied, the heteromorphic sex-chromosomes were not found.     

家燕与金腰燕染色体的比较研究

本文对家燕和金腰燕的核型、C带和Ag-NORs带进行了比较研究。结果表明,两者的核型基本一致。核型公式:2n=80=2M+4ST+zMwSM+2M+2ST+2SM+8 T+2M+56mT/D。但两者在染色体的相对长度、W染色体大小、G带带型、A g-NORs的数目和分布均存在着差异。文中在家燕No.1、7、W染色体和金腰燕No.1、 6、7染色体的形态划分,金腰燕W染色体的确定及其染色体数目等方面,均与卞小庄、李庆伟的结果不同。 Abstract:A comparative study on karyotype and C-band and Ag-NORs of house swallow and red-rumped swallow has been made.The result shows that the karyotype of them are similar,and their karyotypical formulae is 2n=80=2M+4ST+zMwSM+2M+2ST+8T+2M+56mT/D.But they are different in the relative length of chromosomes,the size of W chromosome,C-band patterns and the number and distribution of Ag-NORs.The chromosomes,the size of W chromosome,C-band patterns and the number and distribution of Ag-NORs.THE result in this paper is different from that of Mr.Bian and Mr.Li in the types of No.1,7,W chromosomes of house swallow and No.1,6,7 chromosomes of red-rumped swallow and the determination of W chromosome and diploid number of red-rumped swallow.     

基于植物DNA条形码rbcLa序列的日本条螽食谱分析

日本条螽Ducetia japonica广泛分布于我国绝大部分区域,并在城区绿地大量发生。据此假设其食物谱可能具有较高的物种多样性,但目前对其在自然环境下取食的植物种类仍缺乏了解。本研究对来自河北保定城区绿地和城郊荒地两种生境共计75头日本条螽肠道内容物进行DNA提取、rbcLa基因片段扩增及测序,并利用BOLD和NCBI数据库进行分类鉴定。结果显示：日本条螽在野外至少取食10科、13种植物。在城区绿地和城郊荒地两种生境中,取食频率最高的植物分别是卫矛科冬青卫矛Euonymus japonicus(47.37%)和大麻科葎草Humulus scandens(81.08%)。只有1条rbcLa基因序列未鉴定至种级水平,表明利用植物DNA条形码rbcLa基因序列可对植食性昆虫取食的植物种类进行快速鉴定。同时,研究结果也初步证实日本条螽的食物谱包含较高的物种多样性,为城市绿地螽斯类鸣虫保护和繁育提供依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

棉铃虫钙粘蛋白N端多肽多克隆抗体制备及对Bt抗性的初步检测

用重组表达的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽片段制备兔多克隆抗体,并利用其对Bt抗性进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR方法对棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽的基因片段Cad285进行PCR扩增,将其克隆到pET-30a原核表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,得到35ku的重组融和蛋白,融合表达的包涵体经过变性、Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化、复性等方法处理包涵体,获得可溶性纯化蛋白,用纯化后蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测其效价高于1∶16000;利用最终获得的多克隆抗体对室内纯合Bt抗/感品系的棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白进行Western blot分析,结果显示敏感和抗性品系之间有明显差异,表明其能够应用对Bt抗性进行初步检测。     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

青蒿素生物合成机理研究现状

本文总结了目前有关青蒿素生物合成机理方面的研究,主要包括青蒿素生物合成中生理因子的影响,青蒿素生物合成中间体及前体,青蒿素生物合成细胞定位等。指出了存在的一些问题及今后的研究发展前景。