Evaluation of strategy for analyzing mouse liver plasma membrane proteome

Plasma membrane (PM) proteome is one of the major subproteomes present in the cell,and is very important in liver function. In the present work, C57 mouse liver PM was purified by density-gradient centrifugation. The purified PM was verified by electron microscope analysis and Western blotting. The results showed that the PM was enriched by more than 20-fold and the contamination of mitochondria was reduced by 2-fold compared with the homogenization fraction. Proteins were separated by 2DE and 1DE, trypsin-digested and submitted to ESI-Q-TOF and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry or directly digested in solution and analyzed by LC-ESI ion trap mass spectrometry. In all, 547 non-redundant mouse liver PM proteins were identified, of which 34% contributed to plasma membrane or plasma membrane-related proteins. This study optimized and evaluated the HLPP plasma membrane proteome analysis method and made a systematic analysis on PM proteome.     

Changes in DNA base sequences in the mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana induced by low-energy N+ implantation

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh has many advantages for genome analysis, including a short generation time, small size, large number of offspring, and a relatively small nuclear genome in comparison to other angiosperms and contains a low proportion of repetitive DNA comparatively. Furthermore, the analysis of the completed genome sequence of A. thaliana has been reported[1]. Low-energy ion implantation has attracted more and more attention from researchers in China and Japan since recent s…     

激光辐照对花生种子的细胞生物学效应

本文研究了用Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ(10 6 0ｎｍ)激光辐照花生种子后其Ｍ1代的细胞生物学效应。研究结果表明 ,不同剂量的ＹＡＧ(10 6 0ｎｍ)激光辐照均能诱发胚芽细胞的染色体畸变。在功率密度为 35.84ｗ ｃｍ2情况下 ,辐照时间由 3秒增至 8秒 ,畸变率相应由0 .16 %增至 0 .53% ,染色体畸变类型也随之增加。 8秒处理后的染色体畸变类型中 ,中期提早分离、数目变异、粘连、不均等分裂、多极分裂、核向细胞质突起等类型 ,在 3秒处理中均无出现。且根据种子萌发和生长情况 ,35.84ｗ ｃｍ2 × 8ｓ处理已达到致死剂量激光辐照对花生种子的细胞生物学效应@…     

PIII 改性ePTFE 膜对细菌生存状态的影响研究

目的:探讨等离子注入技术(Plasma immersion ion implantation,PⅢ)对膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)膜改性后表面性能以及对细菌生存状态的影响.方法:采用氧等离子注入技术(PⅢ)对ePTFE膜表面处理,获得改性ePTFE膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察改性ePTFE膜和未处理膜的表面形貌,体外培养变形链球菌,观察改性前后各组膜作体外细菌生存状态变化.结果:与未处理ePTFE膜相比,改性ePTFE膜表面形貌、亲水性发生改变.荧光染色后观察长脉冲组表面的细菌最少;短脉冲组膜表面粘附的细菌密集,形成生物膜;空白组可见少量死菌和活菌粘附于ePTFE膜上.结论:长脉冲PⅢ改性ePTFE膜后有良好的抗细菌粘附能力.     

Ordered dusty structures in the plasma of an RF electrodeless gas discharge

Results are presented from the experimental studies and numerical simulations of the behavior of dust grains in the plasma of an inductive RF discharge. The experiments were carried out with neon at a pressure of 25–500 Pa and with 1.87-μm melamine formaldehyde grains. The discharge was excited by a ring inductor supplied from a generator operating at a 100-MHz frequency. The effective dust-grain interaction potential used in numerical simulations involved the spatial dependence of the grain charge on the plasma floating potential, grain-interaction anisotropy resulting from the focusing of the drift ion current by the negatively charged grains, and specific features of the shielding of the dust grains by the plasma electrons and ions recombining both in the plasma bulk and on the grain surface. The results of Monte Carlo simulations show that the dust grains form specific filament structures observed experimentally in the plasma of an inductive electrodeless discharge. __________ Translated from Fizika Plazmy, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2000, pp. 445–454. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2000 by Zobnin, Nefedov, Sinel’shchikov, Sinkevich, Usachev, Filinov, Fortov.     

河南地区新生儿染色体畸变的流行病学调查

为了解河南地区群体染色体畸变发病率情况,研究可能与染色体畸变有关的 因素及再现风险。综合运用多种现代细胞遗传学技术对3068例新生儿进行染色体核型分析,并对染色体核型异常者进行家系分析、再现风险及病例对照研究。结果表明:河南地区新生儿染色体畸变发生率为2.74%;其中13.1%由亲代遗传,86.9%为子代新生突变;病例组84例中有46例再次生育,再现染色体畸变8例,染色体畸变再发生率为17.39%;孕妇高龄、异常妊娠史、妊娠期间致畸因素接触史及胎儿宫内发育迟缓等可能是新生儿染色体畸变的高危因素。 Abstract:To investigate the incidence of chromosomal aberrations and recurrence risk in Henan and inqure into the risk factors resulting in newborn chromosomal aberrations,3 068 newbors were karyotyped with several advanced cytogenetic methods.The result showed the incidence of chromosomal aberrations was 2.74%(84cases),only 13.1% out of 84 aberrations were transmitted from the previous generation and 86.9% arose de novo.Within 46 second babies being born after their sibling with chromosomal aberrations,8 were abnormal karyotypes,the recurrence rate was 17.39%.The case-control study showed mothers with advanced age,mothers exposure to detrimental factors in pregancy and mothers with abnormal reproductive histories,intranter growth retardation may be the risk factors resulting in chromosomal aberrations.     

Roles of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ in regulating female reproductive physiology

The number of growth factors involved in female fertility has been extensively studied, but reluctance to add essential growth factors in culture media has limited progress in optimizing embryonic growth and implantation outcomes, a situation that has ultimately led to reduced pregnancy outcomes. Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) is the most intricately regulated of all known reproduction-related growth factors characterized to date, and is perhaps the predominant growth factor in human ovarian follicles. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about the role of IGF-Ⅱ in follicular development, oocyte maturation, embryonic development, implantation success, placentation, fetal growth, and in reducing placental cell apoptosis, as well as present strategies that use growth factors in culture systems to improve the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos in different species. Synthesizing the present knowledge about the physiological roles of IGF-Ⅱ in follicular development, oocyte maturation, and early embryonic development should, on the one hand, deepen our overall understanding of the potential beneficial effects of growth factors in female reproduction and on the other hand support development(optimization) of improved outcomes for assisted reproductive technologies.     

等离子体浸没N＋注入豌豆种子的生长发育效应初报

就等离子体浸没离子注入豌豆休眠种子后,对其生长发育的遗传学效应进行了研究。结果表明,经处理后的种子的萌发率明显下降,出苗、生长发育均呈滞后现象,且降低了株高。２０ｍｉｎ为半致死剂量。提出等离子体浸没离子注入可以作为诱变育种的一种经济、有效的诱变方法。     

离子注入对微生物细胞的刻蚀与对DNA的损伤及修复

以耐辐射异常球菌为试材,以E. coli 为对照,用显微扫描电镜和3H-TdR标记,研究了离子注入对微生物细胞的刻蚀与对DNA的损伤及其修复。结果表明,注入离子对细胞存在着刻蚀损伤;中性蔗糖梯度密度离心沉降分析证明, 大剂量下离子注入可直接导致DNA损伤,并观察到在对应的存活率峰值注入剂量下,D. radiodurans修复损伤DNA的能力比E. coli 强,还证明了细胞经不同时间温育后,损伤的DNA分子得到了部分修复。 Abstract：　The direct action of N+implantationin on D. radioduransand E. coliwas investigated by SEM, and their cells were labeled with 3H-TdR, which were implanted by 20keV N+after incubation 18hours, then the DNA of lysed cells was subjected to the neutral sucrose gradient(5%～20%) ultra-centrifugation sedimentation analysis. The results showed that N+implantation exerted direct action on two kinds of microorganisms; the momentum transfer and energy deposition of implantation ions produced the direct etching damage on cells, and repair DNA efficiency of D.radiodurans was higher than that of E. coli. Meanwhile, the damaged DNA incomplete repairing was observed. When incubation was continued up to 6 hours, the rejoined DNA molecules broke again. The repair of damaged DNA could be inhibited by 200μg/ml chloramphenicol. This suggested that DNA damage was serious by ion implantation and damaged DNA repair of cells need continuously synthesizing repair enzyme.     

等离子体浸没N+注入豌豆种子的生长发育效应初报

就等离子体浸没离子注入豌豆休眠种子后 ,对其生长发育的遗传学效应进行了研究。结果表明 ,经处理后的种子的萌发率明显下降 ,出苗、生长发育均呈滞后现象 ,且降低了株高。 2 0min为半致死剂量。提出等离子体浸设离子注入可以作为诱变育种的一种经济、有效的诱变方法。     

Investigation on plasma immersion ion implantation treated medical implants

In this work the biocompatibility of osteosynsthesis plates treated with plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) was tested using a rat model. Small rods (? 0.9 mm, and length 10 mm) prepared from different materials-pure Ti, anodised Ti, and two NiTi alloys (SE 508, and SM 495)-were implanted with oxygen by PIII to form a rutile surface layer and subsequently inserted into rat femurs, together with a control group of untreated samples. The results of the biomechanical tests correlate with the histological results, and show that plasma immersion ion implantation leads to an increase of biocompatibility and osseointegration of titanium and NiTi, albeit no improvement of the (bad) biocompatibility of the anodised Ti. Despite the layer thickness of up to 0.5 microm a strong influence of the base material is still present.     

Plasma immersion ion implantation. A new method for homogeneous surface modification of complex forms of medical implants]

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is a new method for the inexpensive rapid modification of the near-surface region of medical implants of complex shapes. PIII combines the advantages of conventional plasma and ion beam technologies. This article describes the physical basis of the procedure and the construction of a PIII system, and presents typical PIII parameters. In a number of examples, the use of the PIII to modify the surface of biocompatible materials (chrome-nickel stainless steel, titanium, titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy) with the aim of reducing wear, increasing biocompatibility or improving adhesion, is described. Finally, the possibilities of combining PIII with other technologies are considered.     

Hydrogen plasma surface activation of silicon for biomedical applications

Silicon has gradually been recognized to be an essential trace element in the normal metabolism of higher animals, and the role of silicon in the human body has aroused interests in the biomedical community. In fact, the interactions between silicon-based devices and the human body such as biosensors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) often suffer from poor biocompatibility. In this work, hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (H-PIII) is conducted to improve the bioactivity or bone conductivity of silicon. In order to investigate the formation mechanism of bone-like apatite on the surface of the hydrogen implanted silicon wafer, two comparative experiments, hydrogenation and argon bombardment, are performed. The H-PIII sample exhibits an amorphous surface consisting of Si-H bonds. After immersion in simulated body fluids, a negatively charged surface containing the functional group ([triple bond]Si-O-) is produced and bone-like apatite is observed to nucleate and grow on the surface. The surface of the H-PIII silicon wafer favors the adhesion and growth of osteoblast cells and good cytocompatibility may be inferred.     

C2H2＋Ar处理医用涤纶材料的细菌粘附

目的：对最常用心脏血管替代材料涤纶片作最新发展的具有全方位表面改性特征的混合等离子体浸没注入,以观察经处理后的涤纶片抑制细菌粘附的效果。方法：用多功能全方位等离子体浸没及离子注入机(PⅢ),用射频电源建立气体等离子体,对涤纶材料作全方位乙炔和氩气混合离子(C2H Ar)注入获取表面改性涤纶片。用金黄色葡萄球菌,表皮葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,绿脓杆菌,白色念珠菌制取细菌悬液并作5-^125I-2’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(^125I-UDR)标记,再对改性涤纶材料作体外细菌动态粘附实验。结果：表面改性涤纶材料改变了亲水性和表面能,降低了水分子接触角。与未改性材料相比,改性涤纶材料抗细菌粘附能力有较明显提高。结论：混合离子(C2H2 Ar)表面改性涤纶片有良好的抗细菌和血小板粘附能力。     

Effect of hydration on plasma volume and endocrine responses to water immersion

To determine the effect of hydration on the early osmotic and intravascular volume and endocrine responses to water immersion the hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma electrolyte, aldosterone (PA), and vasopressin (PVP) concentrations were measured during immersion following 24-h dehydration; these were compared with corresponding values following rapid rehydration. Six men and one woman (age 23-46 yr) underwent 45 min of standing immersion to the neck preceded by 45-min standing without immersion, first dehydrated, and then 105 min later after rehydration with water. Immersion caused an isotonic expansion of the plasma volume (P less than 0.001), which occurred independently of hydration status. Suppression of PRA (P less than 0.001) and PA (P less than 0.001) during both immersions also occurred independently of hydration status. Suppression of plasma vasopressin was observed during dehydrated immersion (P less than 0.001) but not during rehydrated immersion. It is concluded that plasma tonicity is not a factor influencing PVP suppression during water immersion.     

Renal response of euryhaline toad (Bufo viridis) to acute immersion in tap water, NaCl, or urea solutions

Green toads (Bufo viridis) were acclimated to either tap water, 230 mOsmol NaCl kg-1 H2O (saline), 500 mOsmol NaCl kg-1 H2O (high saline), or 500 mmol L-1 urea. Renal functions for each acclimation group were studied on conscious animals that had one ureter chronically catheterized. Reciprocal immersion of tap-water- and saline-acclimated toads in the opposite solution did not stress the animals osmotically, and plasma osmolality increased or decreased by no more than 15%. However, urine osmolality and ionic composition changed immediately and profoundly on exposure to the other solution. Exposure of tap-water-acclimated toads to saline decreased urine flow by 30%, whereas the reciprocal immersion led to an increase of 30%. Immersion of tap-water-acclimated toads in high saline led to immediate cessation of urine flow, whereas immersion of 500 NaCl- or urea-acclimated toads in tap water led to a large increase in urine flow, with an overshoot that lasted 10 h (as a result of either salt or urea diuresis). Urine flow then stabilized at a level 5-6 times higher than the value attained at high-salt environment. On immersion of 500 urea-acclimated toads in 500 NaCl, urine flow doubled, accompanied by a change in ion composition, without change in the osmolality. In all experimental conditions, plasma potassium concentration was maintained within a narrow range. The results show that the toad's kidneys contributed efficiently both to osmo- and ionoregulation in a wide range of ambient solutions.     

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide and urinary cGMP in the natriuretic and diuretic response to central hypervolemia in normal human subjects

The response of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and urinary cGMP excretion to central hypervolemia induced by water immersion was assessed twice in five healthy male subjects, once while immersed in water to the neck for 3 h and again on a control day. Plasma ANP and urinary cGMP were measured by radioimmunoassay. Compared with the control day, overall change in plasma ANP on the immersion day was significant (p less than 0.05). In response to water immersion, plasma ANP increased from a base-line level of 13.2 +/- 3.1 (mean +/- SEM) to 24.2 +/- 5.5 pg/mL by 0.5 h of immersion and was sustained at that level throughout the immersion period. Plasma ANP returned to the base-line level at 1 h postimmersion. Urinary cGMP excretion increased significantly by 1 h of immersion and was sustained at that level throughout water immersion and 1 h postimmersion (p less than 0.05). During water immersion urine flow, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, free water clearance, and osmolar clearance increased while plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone, and blood pressure fell; all changes were significant (p less than 0.05). Creatinine clearance and hematocrit did not show any significant changes. These data suggest that an increase in plasma ANP may contribute to the natriuretic and diuretic response to central hypervolemia, and that the measurement of urinary cGMP may be a valuable marker of ANP biological responsiveness.     

Molecular mechanisms of membrane interaction at implantation

Successful pregnancy is dependent upon the implantation of a competent embryo into a receptive endometrium. Despite major advancement in our understanding of reproductive medicine over the last few decades, implantation failure still occurs in both normal pregnancies and those created artificially by assisted reproductive technology (ART). Consequently, there is significant interest in elucidating the etiology of implantation failure. The complex multistep process of implantation begins when the developing embryo first makes contact with the plasma membrane of epithelial cells within the uterine environment. However, although this biological interaction marks the beginning of a fundamental developmental process, our knowledge of the intricate physiological and molecular processes involved remains sparse. In this synopsis, we aim to provide an overview of our current understanding of the morphological changes which occur to the plasma membrane of the uterine endothelium, and the molecular mechanisms that control communication between the early embryo and the endometrium during implantation. A multitude of molecular factors have been implicated in this complex process, including endometrial integrins, extracellular matrix molecules, adhesion molecules, growth factors, and ion channels. We also explore the development of in vitro models for embryo implantation to help researchers investigate mechanisms which may underlie implantation failure. Understanding the precise molecular pathways associated with implantation failure could help us to generate new prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers, and may identify novel therapeutic targets. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:19–32, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.