油菜分子标记图谱构建及抗菌核病性状的QTL定位

以油菜品种０８５（抗菌核病）与湘油１３号杂交得到的Ｆ２代作为作图群体,以ＲＡＰＤ标记来构建油菜连锁图谱。通过对３００个１０－ｍｅｒ随机引物的筛选,共获得２００个多态性ＲＡＰＤ位点。经Ｍａｐｍａｋｅｒ／ＥＸＰ３．０软件处理,构建了１张含１９３个标记位点、１９个连锁群、覆盖长度为１３２４ｃＭ的连锁图谱。在此基础上利用Ｍａｐｍａｋｅｒ／ＱＴＬ １．１将抗菌核病基因定位在第四、八和十四３个连锁群上,即：Ｓ     

Internet上的分子生物学免费软件资源

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的迅猛发展使得大量的分子生物学数据库和软件与之连接［１］,为分子生物学的研究带来了极大的便利,为生命科学的研究带来了机遇和挑战。生命科学网络资源的利用应当成为我国生命科学工作者的必备素质之一。本文简单介绍常用的基于Ｍａｃｉｎ－ｔｏｓｈ...     

中国北部绣线菊属的花粉形态及分类学意义

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了中国北部绣线菊属ＳｐｉｒａｅａＬ．２１种及６个变种的花粉形态,描述了外壁纹饰的形态特征,指出了外壁纹饰特征在分类上的意义。绣线菊属的花粉为球形至长球形,外壁纹饰为条网状至条纹状。外壁纹饰类型不具有属内分组意义,但对一些种类具有一定的分类价值。花粉形态支持将曲枣绣线菊Ｓ．ｆｌｅｘｕｏｓａＦｉｓｃｈ。并入石蚕叶绣线菊Ｓ．ｃｈａｍｏｅｄｒｙｆｏｌｉａＬ．的观点［Ｍａｘｉｍｏｗｉｃｚ,Ｃ．Ｊ．（１８７９）、Ｒｅｈｄｅｒ,Ａｉ．（１９４０）］,不同意将蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种Ｓ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＭａｘｉｍ．ｖａｒ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｕｌｏｓａＹｕ提升为贺兰山绣线菊Ｓ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｕｌｏｓａ（Ｙｕ）Ｙ．Ｚ．Ｚｈａｏ［赵一之（１９８７）］。     

太行山猕猴繁殖生态行为研究

河南省与山西省交界处的太行山及中条山南端分布的野生猕猴（Ｍａｃａｃａｍｕｌａｔｔａｔｃｈｅｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ）种群,现今已是世界上分布最北的猕猴种群［１］。随着人口的增加,自然生态环境的改变,使得该区域猕猴分布区已呈碎片状,影响了猕猴种群的扩散与迁移,...     

显示基因表达差异的PAGE—银染技术

ｄｄＲＴ－ＰＣＲ（ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｄｉｓｐｌａｙ　ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅｔｒａｎ－ｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ－ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）技术是Ｌｉａｎｇ和Ｐａｎｄｅｅ~（［１］）于１９９２年首先建立的一种在ＲＮＡ水平上显示基因表达差异,进而分离目的基因的有效方法。与其它分离基因的方法相比,ｄｄＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法具有许多优点~（［２］）,目前已经成为筛选未知差异表达基因的最为有效的方法之一。ｄｄＲＴ－ＰＣＲ是３种技术的有机结合：（１）通过错定引物Ｔ１２ＭＮ（Ｍ＝Ａ、Ｔ、Ｃ、Ｇ,Ｎ＝Ａ、Ｃ…     

中国链格孢属的研究Ⅰ

本文报道链格孢属的２个新种：寄生在苦木科（Ｓｉｍａｒｏｕｂａｃｅａｅ）臭椿［Ａｉｌａｎｔｈｕｓ ａｌｔｉｓｓｉｍａ （Ｍｉｌｌ）．Ｓｗｉｎｇｌｅ］上的臭椿链格孢（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ａｉｌａｎｔｈｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,寄生在桦木科（Ｂｅｔｕｌａｃｅａｅ）黑桦（Ｂｅｔｕｌａ ｄａｈｕｒｉｃａ Ｐａｌｌ．）上的桦木链格孢（Ａ．ｂｅｔｕｌａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）,２个新组合：豆链格孢［Ａ．ａｚｕｋｉａｅ（     

福建锥栗疫病发生及病原鉴定

首次报道福建锥栗疫病调查及病原鉴定结果。此病在福建的发生期为４～１０月，为害严重，是锥栗重要病害之一。其发生与树龄、品种和其他病虫病的发生有关。病原菌为Ｃｒｙｐｈｏｎｅｃｔｒｉａｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ（Ｍｕｒｒ，）Ｂａｒｒ［Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｉａｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ（Ｍｕｒｒ，）Ａｎｄ．＆Ａｎｄ．］     

栽培稻与普遍野生稻两个重要分类性状花药长度和柱头外露率的QTL分析

用江西东乡普通野生稻（简称东乡普野）和桂朝２号的１１５株的ＢＣ１群体,构成了１张长度为１４１８．２ｃＭ．包含１２０个ＲＦＬＰ标记的遗传图谱,该图谱除第１染色体短臂上的标记的顺序与日本水稻基因组计划发表的图谱不同外,其他染色体上相对应的标记的顺序及标记之间的遗传距离基本一致。对控制花药长度和柱头外露率这两个栽培稻和野生稻的重要分类性状的ＱＴＬ分析结果表明,控制花药长度的２个ＱＴＬｓ分别位于第２染色体Ｃ４２４～Ｇ３９和第９染色体Ｃ２８０７～Ｃ１２６３间;控制柱头外露率的２个ＱＴＬｓ分别位于第５染色体Ｒ２２８９～Ｒ１５５３间和第８染色体Ｇ１１４９～Ｒ１９６３间。这两个重要分类性状的ＱＴＬｓ定位,为进一步研究野生稻进化到栽培稻的分子进化机理提供了有益的信息。     

脂多糖增加小鼠巨噬细胞多磷酸肌醇脂代谢转换

多磷酸肌醇脂（这里指ＰＩＰ和ＰＩＰ２）的代谢在细胞信息传递和膜运转中起着重要的作用．脂多糖（ｌｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,ＬＰＳ）于激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）初期（０．５～１ｈ）和后期（１６ｈ）明显增加来自［γ－３２Ｐ］ＡＴＰ的３２Ｐ参入Ｍφ的ＰＩＰ和ＰＩＰ２,３２Ｐ参入ＰＩＰ２的显著性大于ＰＩＰ．ＬＰＳ的这种作用在其激活Ｍφ的初期不受酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ、蛋白激酶Ａ激动剂（ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ）及百日咳毒素的影响;但佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）长时间预处理的Ｍφ（其ＰＫＣ活性被耗竭）再受ＬＰＳ刺激,［３２Ｐ］ＰＩＰ２水平较ＬＰＳ刺激未受ＰＭＡ预处理的Ｍφ明显降低．结果表明,ＬＰＳ于激活Ｍφ的初期和后期更显著增加ＰＩ４Ｐ－５激酶的活性,导致ＰＩＰ２合成增加,ＰＩＰ２合成的增加可能与Ｍφ激活时不同时期所表达的功能相关．     

孙女设计中标记密度对QTL定位精确性的影响

采用蒙特卡罗方法分析了在孙女设计中不同的嫩体结构、性状遗传力、ＱＴＬ效应大小和ＱＴＬ在染色体上的位置中个因素不同水平组合下４种标记密度（标记间隔５ｃＭ,１０ｃＭ,２０ｃＭ、５０ｃＭ对ＱＴＬ定位精确性（以均方误ＭＳＥ为衡量指标）的影响,并从经济学角度探讨了应用于标记辅助选（ＭＡＳ）的ＱＴＬ定位的最佳标记密度。结果表明,一般说来,在各因素水平都较低时,ＭＳＥ随标记密度加大而下降的相对幅度也较 小,反之     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism