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1.
Summary A mark-recapture study was carried out in sympatric populations of Lacerta agilis and Lacerta vivipara in the Netherlands from 1976 to 1982. In most years the age structure of both populations was pyramidal. For both species life expectation of females was higher and on average they did live longer. Hence the sex ratio for adults deviated significantly from 1.0 in favour of females. Maximum age for Lacerta vivipara was 8 years (female) and for Lacerta agilis 12 years (male). The density of both species fluctuated around 100/ha. The biomass of Lacerta agilis was twice that of Lacerta vivipara. In Lacerta vivipara the 3rd and 4th calendar year class supplied 78% of total net reproduction; in Lacerta agilis the 4th, 5th, and 6th calendar year classes supplied 68%. In both populations the population replacement rate was 2. Population turnover time was 4.83 years for Lacerta agilis and 2.81 for Lacerta vivipara. The life history strategy of the Lacerta vivipara population is compared with six other European Lacertavivipara populations. 相似文献
2.
Summary The glycoprotein secretions of the subcommissural organ were analyzed with the use of nine fluorescent lectins, specific to different sugar moieties. After exposure to Concanavalin A a bright fluorescence was observed in the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organs of all vertebrates studied (Lampetra planeri, Ameiurus nebulosus, Bufo bufo, Lacerta vivipara, Gallus gallus, Rattus norvegicus, Ovis aries). The fluorescence is abolished by the competitive sugar, -D-mannopyranosyl. The intensity of the lectin fluorescence decreases from the phylogenetically lower to the higher forms, paralleled by a change in polarity of the secretion from a vascular (lower vertebrates) to a ventricular (higher vertebrates) direction. The strong affinity for Concanavalin A suggests the presence of a glycoprotein rich in mannosyl residues in the ependymal cells and a similarity of composition of this glycoprotein among the vertebrates.
Lens culinaris agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin revealed fluorescent rosettes in the hypendymal cells of the sheep. Binding of both these lectins suggests the presence of a glycoprotein rich in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.In the underlying ventricular cavity, no fluorescence could be observed, suggesting that the Reissner's fiber does not possess the same carbohydrate constitution as the ependymal secretion of the subcommissural organ. 相似文献
3.
The lectins from the seedsof Dolichos lablab var.lignosus (field bean) andDolichos lablab var.typicus (lablab bean) have been isolated in a homogeneous form by affinity chromatography on D-mannose linked Sepharose. Both the
lectins are glycoproteins and have a molecular weight of 60,000 andS
20,w value of 5.2 and seem to be made up of 4 similar subunits (apparent molecular weight 15,000). The carbohydrate content ofthe
lectins is mostly fucose (2–5 mol per mol of protein), mannose (5–8 mol per mol of protein) and N-acetyl glucosamine (1–2
mol per mol of protein). The amino acid composition of both the lectins was similar and methionine and half cystine could
not be detected, Both the lectins have similar tryptic peptide map. Alanine and serine were the only N and C-terminal amino
acids for both lectins. The lectins were found to contain low amounts of bound metals such as manganese, magnesium and calcium.
The near ultra-violet circular dichroism spectra of the lectins are similar to that of Sainfoin. Circular dichroism data indicate
that tyrosine and tryptophan residues are involved in sugar binding.
The lectins are nonspecific for human blood groups and they agglutinate a variety of other erythrocytes. Among a number of
sugars, D-glucose and D-mannose inhibited the haemag-glutinating activity ofthe lectins. The lectins were antigenically similar 相似文献
4.
Summary During the period May to August 1978, individuals of both Lacerta agilis and Lacerta vivipara were observed in a specially constructed out-door vivarium. The daily patterns of behaviour of the two species were recorded along with surface and air temperatures. Daily activity of both species followed a similar basic pattern but was modified by variations in the local weather. Adults of L. vivipara reached a thermal preferendum more quickly and had a longer daily activity period than adults of L. agilis. The larger L. agilis can increase its period of activity by making use of different thermal conditions in a diverse habitat with varied vegetation structure under conditions of high solar radiation. The status of viable populations of L. agilis could be maintained or enhanced by management aimed at modifying the microenvironment of the lizard's habitat. 相似文献
5.
Tracy L. Rankin Michael K. Holland Marie-Claire Orgebin-Crist 《Molecular reproduction and development》1989,24(4):439-451
Glycoproteins from luminal fluid of the mouse cauda epiciidymidis have been compared with glycoproteins from Triton X-100 extracts of mouse spermatozoa from varying regions of the epididymis, using lectins with specific affinity for different sugar residues. Concanavalin A recognizes 11 glycocomponents on Western blots of fractionated caudal fluid; wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binds 12 proteins; Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA) binds seven; and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) recognizes nine. Several of these glycoproteins display an affinity for more than one lectin, indicating a diversity in their exposed carbohydrate residues; whereas other proteins bind only one of the four lectins used. The results also show that some glycoproteins exhibit a higher affinity for particular lectins. Eight glycoproteins of similar mobility and lectin-binding characteristics are detected in Triton X-100 extracts of spermatozoa from different regions of the epididymis and in caudal fluid. The lectin affinity of some proteins appears or increases in spermatozoa from distal epididymal regions (54 kD, 32 kD), whereas the lectin affinity of others decreases (29 kD, 40 kD). There are differences in lectin affinities between proteins in sperm extracts and in caudal fluid. Some proteins show an affinity for three or four lectins in caudal fluid, but proteins of similar electrophoretic mobility in sperm extracts bind only one or two of the lectins. These data show that glycoproteins of similar mobility are present in caudal fluid and in Triton-X-100 sperm extracts, implying a potential interaction between caudal fluid components and epididymal sperm. 相似文献
6.
Even if the common lizardLacerta vivipara and endemicLacerta andreanskyi from Moroccan Grand Atlas have the same mother species, the two species are definitely not closely related in present-day nature, whereL. vivipara stands at variance from all other lacertids in terms of cytogenetics. The use of replication banding, C-bands and R-bands has allowed for the identification of all chromosome pairs and two sex chromosomes inL. andreanskyi. Its karyotype is typical of Lacertidae. The W chromosome, characterized by late replication, is nevertheless of a type previously unknown in the family. The comparison of Z and W chromosomes by different methods of chromosome banding indicates little homology between them, if any. The replication study has shown that there is no dosage compensation for the Z chromosome in (homogametic) males. That genetic inactivation precedes chromosomal mutations in non-vivipara lacertid evolution of the odd sex chromosome is suggested. 相似文献
7.
Summary Complex carbohydrate components of secretory granules and the glycocalix were analysed in surface epithelia, endoepithelial glands and exoepithelial tubuloalveolar glands of the biliary-ductular system (guinea pig). Brunner glands and pyloric glands were studied for comparison. The columnar epithelial cells of the gallbladder and biliary ducts displayed a well-developed PAS-positive apical glycocalix. These materials strongly bound Ricinus communis AI, Ulex europaeus I, Lotus tetragonolobus A and wheat-germ-A lectins. With the exception of Lotus A lectin which did not bind at all, the same lectins stained the basolateral cell surface. The secretory granules in the supranuclear regions of surface epithelia and in the exoepithelial glands strongly bound Ricinus A I, Ulex europaeus I, wheat-germ-A and Helix pomatia lectins. Concanavalin A was less intensively bound by the secretions of tubuloalveolar glands than by the secretory granules in surface epithelia. The luminal and basolateral cell surfaces of glandular cells in the exoepithelial glands were stained by the same spectrum of lectins as were the less distinct. In the guinea pig, the lectin-binding patterns of tubuloalveolar glands in the biliary ducts closely resembled those of Brunner glands and pyloric glands. The secretions of the tubuloalveolar glands were different from the secretion of surface epithelia, as they bound Concanavalin A less intensively. 相似文献
8.
Comparative Characteristics of Carbohydrate Binding by Lectins from Broad Bean,Pea, Common Vetch,and Lentil Seeds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lectins from the seeds of broad bean (Vicia faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), common vetch (V. sativa L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography. The hemagglutinating activity of lectins was most effectively inhibited by methyl--D-mannopyranoside, trehalose, and D-mannose. Other carbohydrate haptens, such as methyl--D-glucopyranoside, maltose, and alginic and D-glucuronic acids were less effective. Two lectins obtained from different lentil cultivars, unlike other lectins, had a relatively high affinity for melecitose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-sorbose, and sucrose. Furthermore, these lectins interacted with soluble starch. All the lectins examined had similar, but not identical, carbohydrate-binding properties. Because of their similar D-mannose/D-glucose specificity, these lectins interacted with lipopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, root nodule bacteria that infect broad-bean, pea, common-vetch, and lentil plants with the formation of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. However, owing to individual distinctions of carbohydrate-binding properties, these lectins showed a higher affinity for the polysaccharides of those microsymbionts within the R. leguminosarum bv. viciae species that were better specialized towards one or the other host plant from the cross inoculation group of legumes. 相似文献
9.
Female mate choice and female multiple mating are major focuses of studies on sexual selection. In a multiple mating context, the benefits of mate choice can change along successive matings, and female choice would be expected to change accordingly. We investigated sequential female mate choice in the moderately polyandrous common lizard (Zootoca vivipara, synonym Lacerta vivipara). Along successive mating opportunities, we found that females were relatively unselective for the first mate, but accepted males of higher heterozygosity for subsequent mating, consistent with the trade-up choice hypothesis. We discuss the evidence of trade-up mate choice in squamates and generally trade-up for mate heterozygosity in order to motivate new studies to fill gaps on these questions. 相似文献
10.
J. P. Costanzo C. Grenot R. E. Lee Jr. 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1995,165(3):238-244
The European common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) is widely distributed throughout Eurasia and is one of the few Palaearctic reptiles occurring above the Arctic Circle. We investigated the cold-hardiness of L. vivipara from France which routinely encounter subzero temperatures within their shallow hibernation burrows. In the laboratory, cold-acclimated lizards exposed to subfreezing temperatures as low as -3.5°C could remain unfrozen (supercooled) for at least 3 weeks so long as their microenvironment was dry. In contrast, specimens cooled in contact with ambient ice crystals began to freeze within several hours. However, such susceptibility to inoculative freezing was not necessarily deleterious since L. vivipara readily tolerated the freezing of its tissues, with body surface temperatures as low as -3.0°C during trials lasting up to 3 days. Freezing survival was promoted by relatively low post-nucleation cooling rates (0.1°C·h-1) and apparently was associated with an accumulation of the putative cryoprotectant, glucose. The cold-hardiness strategy of L. vivipara may depend on both supercooling and freeze tolerance capacities, since this combination would afford the greatest likelihood of surviving winter in its dynamic thermal and hydric microenvironment.Abbreviations
bm
body mass
-
SVL
snout-vent length
- Tb
body surface temperature
-
T
c
crystallization temperature 相似文献
11.
František Moravec 《Systematic parasitology》2010,77(1):23-27
A new nematode species, Rhabdias lacertae n. sp. (Rhabdiasidae), is described from the body-cavity of the common lizard Lacerta vivipara Jacquin (Lacertidae) from the Ridge of Malá Fatra (Sokolie Hill), north-western Slovakia. The new species differs from its
congeners mainly in possessing 3 min cuticular spikes at the tail tip and some other features. This is the first species of
Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905 described from lizards in Europe and the first species of this genus parasitising hosts belonging
to the Lacertidae. 相似文献
12.
The process of pigmentation of oil-droplets in the retina of three reptiles has been investigated with regard to ontogeny. — The ability of these animals to perceive colors was tested on different stages of life. Young Lacerta vivipara, with still uncolored oil-droplets., show optomotoric reactions to colors.
Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
13.
Chemical composition of femoral secretions of oviparous and viviparous types of male common lizards Lacerta vivipara 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Marianne Gabirot Pilar Lpez Jos Martín Michelle de Fraipont Benoit Heulin Barry Sinervo Jean Clobert 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2008,36(7):539-544
In spite of the importance of chemoreception in intraspecific communication of lizards, only a few studies have examined chemical composition of secretions of lizards. The secretion of the femoral glands of adult male lizards Lacerta vivipara contains a relatively low number (18) of lipophilic compounds in comparison with other related lacertid lizards. These compounds were identified on the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS. Chemicals included ten steroids (mainly cholesterol) and four carboxylic acids between n-C12 and n-C18, and minor components such as squalene, α-tocopherol, and two waxy esters, which may contribute to avoid oxidation of other lipophilic components in the fairly humid environments occupied by this lizard. Secretions of adult males from oviparous and viviparous populations did not differ in the numbers and quality of chemical compounds, but there were some differences in the relative proportion of some compounds. Males from oviparous populations had lower proportions of hexadecanoic acid and cholestan-3-one, and higher proportions of squalene than viviparous males. These differences might be explained by either small genetic differences between types or due to different microclimatic conditions in the original populations. 相似文献
14.
By a combination of solubility fractionation, affinity and molecular-sieve chromatography, a lectin preparation containing several closely related lectin components of different isoelectric point was isolated from the seeds of Dioclea grandiflora Mart. The lectins showed a carbohydrate specificty for D-mannose (D-glucose)-binding and had a requirement for the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The results of preliminary characterization studies showed that the D. grandiflora lectins had similar properties to those of concanavalin A, the lectin from the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis, a plant also belonging to the tribe Diocleae. Thus the D. grandiflora lectins contained no covalently bound carbohydrate and had an amino-acid composition characterized by a low content of methionine and the virtual absence of cysteine. Above pH 4.8 they had molecular weight of about 100,000, while below pH 3.1 they were dissociated to half-molecules. Between these two pH values there was a fast association-dissociation equilibrium for the two species. In dissociating solvents, three subunits were obtained of the approximate size of 25–26,000, 13–14,000 and 8–9,000. The lectins from C. grandiflora similar to concanavalin A were more distantly related to the lectins obtained from the members of the tribe Vicieae although these were also specific for D-mannose (D-glucose)-binding. 相似文献
15.
Summary In asexual reproduction of the water mold,Saprolegnia ferax, four distinct and sequentially produced spores are involved in dispersal, two of which are motile and two of which are nonmotile. Composition of cell surface glycoproteins may be important in dispersal strategies for each of these stages. Binding patterns of fluorescently labelled lectins were investigated to identify differences in glycoproteins of asexually produced dispersal stages. The pattern of lectin binding to zoospores was diverse. FITC-Con A bound to surfaces of zoospores and membranes of the water expulsion vacuole system, indicating the prescence of mannosyl and glucosyl residues. In zoospores incubated for more than 30 min in FITC-WGA and FITC-GS II. which bind N-acetyl glucosamine, fluorescence was sometimes localized in peripheral, intracellular patches. In shorter incubations, secondary zoospores bound these lectins along the groove region where K-bodies were located. Surfaces of cystospores typically bound FITC-WGA, but not FITC-GS II. FITC-GS II, however, bound to empty cystospore walls, probably because reactive sugars were available at the inner surface of the wall. Germ tubes emerging from cystospores bound labelled WGA and GS II, but not Con A. The same lectin binding pattern was found along discharge papilla of primary cystospores, indicating that modifications in cystospore walls associated with direct germination and zoospore discharge were similar. Thus, glycoproteins involved in early establishment of the hyphal system differ from those forming the cell surface of cystospores. Differences in the binding pattern of lectins to zoospores and cystospores highlight differences between cell surface carbohydrates of motile and nonmotile asexual stages.Abbreviations BPA
lectin fromBauhinia purpurea
- C1
primary cystospore
- C2
secondary cystospore
- Con A
concanavalin A, lectin fromCanavalia ensiformis
- DBA
lectin fromDolichos biflorus
- DIC
Nomarski differential interference contrast optics
- DS
dilute salts
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- FUC
fucose
- Gal
galactose
- GalNAc
N-acetyl galactosamine
- Glc
glucose
- GlcNAc
N-acetyl glucosamine
- GS I
Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I
- GS II
G. simplicifolia lectin II
- Man
mannose
- MPA
lectin fromMaclura pomifera
- PC
phase contrast optics
- PNA
lectin fromArachis hypogaea
- SBA
soybean agglutinin, lectin fromGlycine max
- UEA-1
lectin fromUlex europaeus
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin fromTriticum vulgare
- WV
water expulsion vacuole 相似文献
16.
The occurrence and distribution of several lectin binding sites on the outer surfaces of eggs, preparasitic second-stage juveniles (J2), parasitic second-stage juveniles (PJ2), females, and males of two tylenchid nematodes, Anguina tritici and Meloidogyne incognita race 3, were compared. In both species, a greater variety of lectins bound to the eggs than to other life stages; lectin binding to eggs was also more intense than it was to other life stages. Species-specific differences also occurred. More lectins bound to the amphids or amphidial secretions of M. incognita J2 than to the amphids or amphidial secretions of A. tritici J2. Lectins also bound to the amphids or amphidial secretions of adult male and female A. tritici, but binding to the cuticle occurred only at the head and tail and was not consistent in all specimens. Canavalia ensiformis and Ulex europaeus lectins bound specifically to the outer cuticle of M. incognita. Several other lectins bound nonspecifically. Oxidation of the cuticle with periodate under mild conditions, as well as pretreatment of the nematodes with lipase, markedly increased the binding of lectins to the cuticle of A. tritici J2 but not, in most cases, to M. incognita J2 or eggs of either species. 相似文献
17.
Several aspects of the interaction of various lectins with the surface of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells are described. The order of agglutinating activity for various various lectins is Ricinuscommunis > wheat germ concanavalin A soybean >Limuluspolyphemus. No agglutination was noted for Ulex europaeus. Using 125I-labeled lectins it was determined that there are 1.6 and 7 times as many Ricinus communis lectin binding sites as sites for concanavalin A and soybean lectins. Sodium deoxy-cholate-solubilized plasma membrane material was subjected to lectin affinity chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lectin receptors of the plasma membrane appeared to be heterogeneous and some qualitative differences could be discerned among the electrophoretically analyzed material, which bound to and was specifically eluted from the various lectin affinity colums. The characteristics of elution of bound material from individual lectin columns indicated secondary hydrophobic interactions between concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin and their respective lectin receptor molecules. 相似文献
18.
Keiichi Ozaki Reiko T. Lee Yuan C. Lee Toshisuke Kawasaki 《Glycoconjugate journal》1995,12(3):268-274
The Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin on the surface of rat peritoneal macrophages (macrophage asialoglycoprotein binding protein, M-ASGP-BP), which consists of a single polypeptide chain of 42 kDa, can form a homooligomeric receptor exhibiting high affinity for asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) [Ozaki K., Ii M., Itoh N., Kawasaki T. (1992)J Biol Chem
267: 9229–35]. In this study, the binding affinity of M-ASGP-BP was studied by using a series of synthetic or natural glycosides as inhibitors of125I-ASOR binding to recombinant M-ASGP-BP expressed on COS-1 cells (rM-ASGP-BP), and the results were compared with those of human hepatic lectin (HHL) on Hep G2 cells. Clustering of multiple Gal (or GalNAc) residues increased the binding affinity to M-ASGP-BP as well as to HHL. In contrast to HHL and other mammalian hepatic lectins, rM-ASGP-BP bound Gal residues tighter than GalNAc residues. A galactose-terminated triantennary N-glycoside, having oneN-acetyl-lactosamine unit on the 6 branch and twoN-acetyl-lactosamine units on the 3 branch of the trimannosyl core structure, showed affinity enhancement of 105 over a monovalent ligand for HHL, while the same glycopeptide showed enhancement of about 2000-fold for rM-ASGP-BP. These results suggest that spatial arrangements of sugar combining sites and subunit organization of macrophage and hepatic lectins are different. 相似文献
19.
Yann Surget-Groba Benoît Heulin Claude-Pierre Guillaume Roger S. Thorpe Larissa Kupriyanova Nu
a Vogrin Robert Maslak Stephano Mazzotti Marton Venczel Ioan Ghira Gaetano Odierna Olga Leontyeva Jean Claude Monney Nicolas Smith 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2001,18(3):449
The lacertid lizard Lacerta vivipara is one of the few squamate species with two reproductive modes. We present the intraspecific phylogeny obtained from neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony analyses of the mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 15 individuals from Slovenian oviparous populations, 34 individuals from western oviparous populations of southern France and northern Spain, 92 specimens from European and Russian viviparous populations, and 3 specimens of the viviparous subspecies L. v. pannonica. The phylogeny indicates that the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity probably occurred once in L. vivipara. The western oviparous group from Spain and southern France is phylogenetically most closely related to the viviparous clade. However, the biarmed W chromosome characterizing the western viviparous populations is an apomorphic character, whereas the uniarmed W chromosome, existing both in the western oviparous populations and in the geographically distant eastern viviparous populations, is a plesiomorphic character. This suggests an eastern origin of viviparity. Various estimates suggest that the oviparous and viviparous clades of L. vivipara split during the Pleistocene. Our results are discussed in the framework of general evolutionary models: the concept of an oviparity–viviparity continuum in squamates, the cold climate model of selection for viviparity in squamates, and the contraction–expansion of ranges in the Pleistocene resulting in allopatric differentiation. 相似文献
20.
Marc Horisberger 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1980,632(2):298-309
Lectins were specifically adsorbed from solution onto metallized glass slides coated with polysacchride, glycopeptide and glycoprotein films. The degree of interaction was determined by measuring the thickness of the bound lectin layer with an ellipsometer after washing and drying the slide. The binding of concanavalin A (tetrameric) and succinyl concanavalin A (dimeric) to a yeast mannan film was studied as a function of lectin concentration, temperature, rinsing time and the extent of stirring of the slide. The maximum thickness of bound concanavalin A and succinyl concanavalin A was 11 and 3.8 nm, respectively. The method permitted the measurement of the association constants for both lectins (1.0 · 107 M?1 for concanavalin A, 2 · 106 M?1 for succinyl concanavalin A) and the detection of 0.6 pmol concanavalin A. The same sensitivity was observed with anti-mannan antibodies. The binding of both lectins was shown to be specific using sugar haptens. When compared with methyl α-D-mannoside, the affinity of concanavalin A for D-mannose and D-glucose was 14 and 3%, respectively. A film of mucin glycopeptide (universal adsorbent) interacted similarly with concanavalin A, Ricinus communis I, soya bean and wheat germ lectins. However, films of glycoproteins such as fetuin, ceruloplasmin and Aspergillus niger β-D-galactosidase interacted to different degrees with these lectins. The relative affinity of wheat germ agglutinin for and for chitin-derived oligosaccharides was also determined. When films of sialoglyproteins were treated with neuraminidase, the thickness of the bound peanut agglutinin layer increased. Although this method cannot determine quantitatively the sugar composition of the film, it permits rapid estimation of the interaction of lectins with polysaccharides and glycoproteins, usingg little material. 相似文献