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Rudie Trienes 《Acta biotheoretica》1992,40(1):11-22
The Dutch biologist C J. van der Klaauw (1893–1972) structuralized the epistemology of oecology using concepts which exceeded the limits of a strictly teleological interpretation of nature. This article relates to his theory of holistic oecology which van der Klaauw formulated departing from a critical confrontation with Kant's teleological view on nature. He substituted this extra-scientifically heuristic maxim by the holistic notion of network-like associations between organisms within a community. The analogous similarities between the organization of individual organisms and communities drawn up by van der Klaauw, merely remained propaedeutics for a genuine holistic oecology, which would only employ epistemological principles specifically referring to the organization of supra-individual communities of organisms. This article discusses the process of structuralizing the theory of holistic oecology by van der Klaauw in his dialogue with Kantian philosophy. 相似文献
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D.S. Glazier 《Evolutionary ecology》1999,13(6):539-555
Classical life-history theory predicts ‘trade-offs’ between reproductive and somatic investments. However, empirical studies
have shown that intraspecific phenotypic correlations between these two resource investments are often positive or nonsignificant,
rather than negative as predicted. The model of Van Noordwijk and De Jong (1986) was proposed to explain these unexpected
results. According to their model, positive correlations between reproductive and somatic investments will result if individual
variation in resource acquisition exceeds that of resource allocation, whereas negative correlations will result if individual
variation in resource allocation exceeds that of resource acquisition. To test this model, I used body storage/condition as
an index of somatic investment because it is usually strongly related to level of resource acquisition. I predicted that laboratory
studies should more often show negative correlations between reproductive and somatic investments than field studies, because
individual variation in resource acquisition is expected to be lower in controlled laboratory environments than in variable
natural environments. A literature review revealed that correlations between somatic (storage) investment and reproductive
investment (estimated as clutch/litter mass, number of offspring per clutch/litter, or number of clutches/litters) among conspecific
breeding female animals are more often positive (15 species) or nonsignificant (17 species) than negative (6 species). Moreover,
as expected, five of six negative correlations were observed in laboratory studies, whereas 13 of 15 positive correlations
were observed in field studies. It is concluded that future empirical and theoretical work on life histories should consider
individual variation in both resource acquisition and allocation and the interaction between the two.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Iron gallein in Van Gieson technics, replacing iron hematoxylin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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