胡葱与洋葱、葱亲缘关系初探

Allium ascalonicum L,在我国的邦名比较混乱,而且它与洋葱、葱的亲缘关系不清。作者认为,它在我国的邦名应规范为胡葱,同时,从性状比较的角度研究胡葱与洋葱、葱之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,胡葱的植物学特征和生物学特性介于洋葱和葱之间。     

The Schistosoma haematobium egg granuloma

The etiology of the granulomatous response around Schistosoma haematobium eggs in mice was investigated. Eggs injected into the microvasculature of the lungs of mice evoked a granulomatous reaction which was demonstrated at 8 and 16 days. Prior exposure of mice to the eggs or to crude soluble egg antigens (SEA) resulted in significantly larger granulomas than in the unsensitized controls. The degree of sensitization was dependent both on the route of administration and the quantity of eggs. Furthermore, this phenomenon could be adoptively transferred with spleen cells from previously sensitized mice but not with serum. Mice sensitized with S. haematobium eggs and challenged by injection of SEA into their footpads developed both immediate and delayed swelling. Cross-sensitization between S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum eggs was also studied in both the lung and footpad systems.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

伴刀豆球蛋白A对培养静止软骨细胞形态和DNA合成的影响

培养的静止软骨细胞用ConA处理后,细胞形态从扁平形变成多角形、圆形与球形,同时可以观察到细胞周边存在大量的具有折光特点的细胞外基质。ConA能够完全抑制软骨细胞DNA的合成,LD_(50)为0.4—1.0μg/ml。ConA抑制DNA合成的作用是可逆的。20mmol/L的MeMan能够完全阻断其对软骨细胞形态和DNA合成的影响。     

竹红菌甲素引起红细胞膜蛋白的光敏交联

为了探讨竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜蛋白的光敏交联机理,我们使用了一些专一性及非专一性的基团修饰剂来修饰膜蛋白,试图说明膜蛋白的光敏交联究竟是由膜蛋白的巯基光氧化所引起的,还是膜蛋白的氨基酸与其侧链氨基之间的交联所引起的。我们分别采用N-乙基顺丁烯二酰抱亚胺(NEM)修饰膜蛋白的巯基,用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)来修饰色氨酸残基,用乙氧甲酸酐(DEP)修饰组氨酸残基,及用琥珀酸酐(SA)修饰氨基。测定了红细胞膜修饰前后及有竹红菌甲素存在时,光照前后的膜蛋白巯基及膜氨基的变化,膜蛋白内源性荧光的变化,以及对膜蛋白形成交联的影响。结果表明:NEM、DEP和NBS修饰的膜, 在有甲素存在时,光照对巯基影响很小,而对SA修饰的膜有明显的光敏作用。甲素对膜蛋白氨基的影响小于巯基,仅降低含量20%。甲素光照能引起NEM和SA修饰的膜内源荧光下降。甲素对NEM处理的膜仍能引起交联,但SA处理过的膜能抗交联,说明氨基在膜蛋白光敏交联中起着重要的作用。     

Materials for Chinese Ainsliaea (Compositae)

The genus, Ainsliaea DC. from China is revised in this paper. Three species, A. nana Y. C. Tseng, A. pingbianensis Y. G. Tseng and A. trinervis Y. C. Tseng, are newly described; two species, A. chapaensis Merr. and A. angustifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke are new records for China and two new combinations, A. apteroides (Chang) Y. C. Tseng and A. macrocephala (Mattf.) Y. C. Tseng, are made. In addition, one species, A. hypoleuca Diels ex Limpr. and four varieties, A. bonatii Beauverd var. arachnoidea Beauverd, A. pteropoda DC. var. leiophylla Franch., A. elegans Hemsl. var. tomentosa Mattf. and A. glabra Hemsl. var. tenuiculis (Mattf.)Chang, are reduced to synonyms.     

竹红菌甲素对体外培养细胞光敏作用的实验研究

本文用免疫荧光细胞化学、流式荧光分析等方法研究了光敏剂H_A对培养的HeLa细胞的光敏化作用。结果表明,H_A光敏化作用使细胞形态发生变化,细胞表面微绒毛丧失,细胞增殖受到抑制,上述变化随光照剂量增加而加剧,其中对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较正常二倍体细胞更大,细胞群体中G_1期细胞下降,S期细胞增多。H_A的光敏化作用还使胞质微管变稀疏,微管中心的亮荧光近乎消失。以上实验说明,H_A的光敏作用对培养细胞的作用引起细胞膜、细胞骨架的损伤,使细胞周期部分阻断于S期,从而抑制了细胞的增殖。     

The identity of Alpinia jianganfeng T.L.Wu（Zingiberaceae）

Alpinia jianganfeng T.L.Wu is conspecific with A.sichuanensis Z.Y. Zhu,and thus is reduced to synonymy.     

中国顶丝藻科新记录

继续报导中国顶丝藻科新记录６种。渐尖旋体藻Ａｕｄｏｕｉｎｅｌａａｔｅｎｕａｔａ,球状旋体藻Ａ．ｇｌｏｂｏｓａ,纤细旋体藻Ａ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ,无柄旋体藻Ａ．ｈｙｐｎｅａｅ,偏枝旋体藻Ａ．ｓｅｃｕｎｄａｔａ,连续旋体藻Ａ．ｓｅｒｉａｔａ。     

中国顶丝藻科新记录Ⅳ

继续报导中国顶丝藻科新记录6种。柏桉旋体藻Audouinella bonnemaisoniae,网地旋体藻A.dictyotae,德氏旋体藻A.drewii,网状旋体藻A.netrocarpa,太平洋旋体藻A.pacilica,异形旋体藻A.vaga。     

伴刀豆蛋白A促进培养的静止软骨细胞分化

本文观察了ConA对培养软骨细胞的分化的影响。结果证实了ConA对培养的静止软骨细胞高分子硫酸化PG、AKPase,维生素D_3受体的合成及细胞外基质~(45)Ca摄取和沉积的钙含量具有明显的促进作用。显示了ConA具有特异地促进软骨细胞成熟化和终末分化的生物学作用。ConA的这一作用可由MeMan完全解除,并有明显的凝集素特异性。     

湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层的微扰

本文以荧光探针为手段,以人红细胞膜为材料,测量了膜偏振度的改变,荧光探针能量转移,荧光峰的蓝移和甲素激发峰的分裂。结果表明在有竹红菌甲素存在时,红细胞膜偏振度增加,探针荧光强度减小,荧光峰蓝移。甲素浓度增加时,上述现象更加明显,即它们之间有正的相关关系。同时,甲素激发光谱的a带发生分裂。据此,我们认为甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层产生明显微扰,甲素与红细胞膜间存在着相互作用。在甲素浓度较大时,它主要是渗入到红细胞膜脂双层的深层部位(膜脂肪酸链的12—16位)。     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜蛋白及膜磷脂的光敏损伤

本文以红细胞膜为材料,通过测量磷脂过氧化荧光产物的产生,磷脂组分的损伤以及膜蛋白二级结构的破坏,内源荧光的下降和蛋白SDS-凝胶电泳分析,探讨了甲素光敏作用中蛋白和磷脂的损伤。结果表明:甲素存在时红细胞膜样品照光,使磷脂产生过氧化荧光产物和丙二醛,磷脂组分受到破坏(其中PE与PS较敏感),在膜状态的磷脂比提取的磷脂脂质体中的损伤来得剧烈。同时,膜蛋白二级结构遭到破坏,内源荧光下降。在膜状态中spectrin的损伤比提取出的spectrin的损伤来得严重。据此,我们认为,在甲素光敏作用产生的蛋白和磷脂的损伤过程中,蛋白与磷脂间存在着相互作用和相互影响,使损伤加剧。     

中国白锈菌科分类研究——Ⅲ.茄科上一新种及苋科上的已知种

本文报道茄科(Solanaceae)上的天仙子白锈新种(Albugo hyoscyami Zhang, Y.X.Wang et Fu sp.nov.)和苋科(Amaranthaceac)上已知种苋白锈[A.bliti(Biv.)O.Kuntze]及牛膝白锈[A.achyranthis(P.Henn.)Miyabe]的寄主新记录和地理新分布。新种有汉文和拉丁文描述及形态图。     

Acidic glycosaminoglycans in developing sterno-costal cartilage of the hydrocephalic (ch+/ch+) mouse

The sterno-costal cartilage of the hydrocephalic mouse carrying the autosomal recessive gene (ch+/ch+) has 40 ± 3% of the acidic glycosaminoglycan concentration of the normal control containing the satin marker (+sa/+sa). The acidic glycosaminoglycan concentration of the sterno-costal cartilage in the heterozygous mouse (ch+/+sa) is significantly higher (114 ± 8%) than the normal control. The distribution of the acidic glycosaminoglycans in the sterno-costal cartilage is similar in the normal, heterozygous and homozygous mice at all stages of development studied, (prenatal, newborn and postnatal) being 78 ± 4% chondroitin 4(6)-sulfate and 22% hyaluronic acid and/or keratan sulfate. The concentration of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the sterno-costal cartilage decreases as development progresses in all three gene types of mice. The reduced level of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the sterno-costal cartilage of the autosomal recessive mouse, ch+/ch+, is associated with a defect in the formation of the sternum. The higher than normal acidic glycosaminoglycan concentration in the sterno-costal cartilage of the heterozygous mouse ch+/+sa is associated with delayed calcification of the sternum. This study characterizes the molecular locus of a defect in the extra-cellular matrix of a mouse carrying a lethal gene and may help in understanding proteoglycan disorders (mucopolysaccharidosis) in the human.     

Electron spin resonance characterization of Chromatium D hemes,non-heme irons and the components involved in primary photochemistry

The combination of redox potentiometry with low temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has led to further characterization of electron transfer components of Chromatium D. These include the readily buffer-soluble cytochromes c₅₅₃ and c′ and the high-potential iron-sulfur protein in the isolated state and associated with the chromatophore membrane. Buffer-insoluble cytochrome c₅₅₃, cytochro—me c₅₅₅, bacteriochlorophyll and the primary electron acceptor have been characterized both in the chromatophore membrane and also in a sodium dodecylsulfate detergent-solubilized subchromatophore preparation. Two iron-sulfur proteins have been revealed which are present in the chromatophore membrane but are released on treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate. They have central g values at 1.90 and 1.94 and have estimated midpoint potentials at pH 7.4 (E_m7·4) at +280 mV and ?100 mV, respectively, when associated with the chromatophore.In the membrane associated state the apparent E_m of cytochrome c′ is approximately 200 mV more positive than the E_m values reported for the free state; this implies either that the reduced form of cytochrome c′ binds to the membrane (or to a component therein) to a degree which is > 10³ times greater than that of the oxidized form or that the E_m shift results from membrane solvation. In the case of the high-potential iron-sulfur protein however, its E_m when associated with the chromatophore membrane is similar to that reported in the isolated state. The light-induced oxidation of the high-potential iron-sulfur protein at room temperature appears to be linked only to the oxidation of cytochrome c₅₅₅; it could serve as an electron pool in equilibrium with cytochrome c₅₅₅ in the cyclic electron flow system.The redox component defined in the reduced state by its g_y = 1.82 and g_x = 1.62 ESR spectrum satisfies the following criteria for its identification as the primary electron acceptor of P883. (a) The E_m7·4 value of the g = 1.82 component is ?120 ± 25mV. (b) At ?70 mV, where the g = 1.82 component is mainly oxidized in the dark, brief illumination at low temperature which causes the irreversible oxidation of one cytochrome c₅₅₃ heme, also induces the permanent reduction of the g = 1.82 component; the extent of reduction after brief illumination, given by the g = 1.82 signal height, is the same as that induced chemically at ?270 mV showing it to be fully reduced by the receipt of a single electron. (c) At more positive potentials where cytochrome c₅₅₃ is oxidized and is not involved in low-temperature reactions, the light-induced low-temperature kinetics of the g = 1.82 signal are reversible; the flash-induced g = 1.82 formation and subsequent dark decay are the same as those for the flash-induced P⁺883 (g = 2) formation and dark decay. We suggest that until a full physical-chemical characterization is completed this g = 1.82 component be designated “photoredoxin”.     

A novel haemoprotein induced by isosafrole pretreatment in the rat

The relationship between the initial rates of respiration dependent calcium transport by isolated rabbit cardiac mitochondria and the free calcium concentration of the reaction media has been examined at 10°C and 25°C. Initial rates of calcium transport were determined using an adaption of the EGTA/ruthenium red quench technique described by Reed and Bygrave (5). At 10°C the initial rate of calcium transport was found to be a sigmoidal function of free calcium concentration, with a Hill coefficient of approximately 1.9. Elevation of the temperature to 25°C produced a less sigmoidal relationship, the Hill coefficient being lowered to approximately 1.3.     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜上几种酶光敏失活作用的研究

本文比较了竹红菌甲素对人红细胞膜AchE,GPDH,Na~ -K~ ATPase和Ca~(2 )-Mg~(2 )ATPase的光敏失活能力,结果表明甲素对Ca~(2 )-Mg~(2 )ATPase作用最强,Na~ -K~ ATPase次之,GPDH再次之,AchE最不敏感,甲素还引起膜蛋白巯基氧化,膜脂质过氧化。其中,巯基氧化可能是ATPase光敏失活的主要原因,而脂质过氧化对ATPase活力损伤作用不大。游离GPDH不如与膜结合的GPDH敏感。GSH,NAD分别对ATPase,GPDH有保护作用。膜蛋白的电泳及内源荧光证据表明:在GPDH活力受到严重损伤时,酶结构并未发生剧烈改变。