粪产碱菌nifH启动子与LacZ的融合基因构建及其表达调控

在ｐＲＫ２９０载体上将粪产碱菌固氮酶基因ｎｉｆＨ的启动子与报告基因ＬａｃＺ相融合,获得表达载体ｐＳＫ６,并转导到粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌株中,探讨了铵和氧对该启动子的表达调控。结果表明,粪产碱菌ｎｉｆＨ启动子仍受到铵和氧的调节。当铵浓度大于３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,其表达水平大幅度下降,但铵浓度高达４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,仍有很低水平表达。而且,带有巴西固氮螺菌ｎｉｆＨ：ｌａｃＺ的粪产碱菌接合子在高铵条件下（４０ｍ     

粪产碱菌nifH启动子与LacZ的融合基因构建及其表达调控

在ｐＲＫ２９０载体上将粪产碱菌固氮酶基因ｎｉｆＨ的启动子与报告基因ＬａｃＺ相融合,获得表达载体ｐＳＫ６,并转导到粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌株中,探讨了铵和氧对该启动子的表达调控．结果表明,粪产碱菌ｎｉｆＨ启动子仍受到铵和氧的调节．当铵浓度大于３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,其表达水平大幅度下降,但铵浓度高达４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,仍有很低水平表达．而且,带有巴西固氮螺菌ｎｉｆＨ∶ｌａｃＺ的粪产碱菌接合子在高铵条件下（４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）也有低水平表达．此外,氧对粪产碱菌的ｎｉｆＨ启动子有抑制作用,这在无铵条件下表现最为明显．     

粪产碱菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）吸收氢和同化CO2的特性

应用同位素氚(T_2)和~13C(~13CO_2),证明了水稻联合固氮菌——粪产碱菌A—15是一种含有吸氢酶的兼性化能自养细菌,具有较强的吸氢能力,吸氨酶活性可达到13.11μmol H_2 ml~(-1) cultureh~(-1);同时,它还可利用H_2为能源同化CO_2营化能自养生活,其RuBPC活性为24.65 nmolCO_2 mg~(-1) protein min~(-1)。无论在自养还是异养条件下,H_2都支持、并促进固氮活性。粪产碱菌培养在N_2条件下比在NH_4~ 条件下能积累更多的多聚-β羟基丁酸(PHB)。     

粪产碱菌nif H,nif D和部分nif K的克隆、定位及序列分析

提取粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)总DNA,经限制性内切酶酶切和琼脂糖凝胶电泳,以含肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)nif H和nif H-D基因的DNA片段为探针进行Southern杂交,筛选出与nif HDK同源的4.6kb片段,克隆到pBluesript SK~+载体上,构建了重组质粒pBZl.经亚克隆、酶切、DNA序列分析后发现,粪产碱菌具有与其它固氮菌相似的结构特征,其nif HDK共用1个启动子,具有上游激活序列UAS,RNA聚合酶σ⁵⁴因子识别序列、1个A-T富集区和SD序列.nifH和nif D的阅读框架分别为888和1476bp,GC含量各为61.6%和60.2%.nifH-nif D和nif D-nif K的基因间隔区长度分别为101和105bp,各存在1个7bp的反向重复和1个SD序列.由阅读框架(ORF)推导的铁蛋白和钼铁蛋白α亚基的氨基酸序列与其它固氮菌相比有较高的同源性,高度保守的氨基酸残基所处的位置也很相似.同源性比较说明,粪产碱菌与棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)同源性最高.     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的构象变化及调节作用

应用园二色谱测定了粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）各构象,结果表明在Ｇｌｕ培养下ａ螺旋为２８％,β折叠为２２％,无规则卷曲占５０％;而在ＮＨ４＾＋培养下,三者相应为２０％,２０％,６０％。荧光光谱及付立叶红外光谱也证明,两种培养条件下ＧＳ的构象存在着差异。不同氮源对粪产碱菌ＧＳ的形成有显著的影响。高浓度ＮＨ４＾＋培养下ＧＳ合成受到阻遇,而Ｇｌｕ或低浓度ＮＨ４＾＋则对ＧＳ合成无明显的影响。ＮＨ４＾＋培     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝球脂糖亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ＫＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值。在以Ｇｌｕ为源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ     

Gene Organization for Nitric Oxide Reduction in Alcaligenes faecalis S-6

norB and norC encoding the cytochrome b-containing subunit and the cytochrome c-containing subunit, respectively, of the nitric oxide reductase (NOR) in Alcaligenes faecalis S-6 were cloned and sequenced. Both NorB and NorC showed more than 40% sequence identity to the corresponding subunits of cytochrome bc-type NORs in other denitrifying bacteria. norCB was in a gene cluster containing seven other genes; these were named dnr, orf2, orf3, norE, norF, norQ, and norD on the basis of their similarity with NOR systems in other bacteria. Potential FNR-binding sites were present in front of norCB, norEF, and/or orf2/orf3, suggesting that most of these genes are regulated simultaneously by an FNR-related protein. NorB and NorC proteins produced in the membrane fraction in Escherichia coli showed no enzyme activity, probably due to lack of NorQ and NorD, which appear to perform some essential function for activation of the NorB-NorC complex in the recombinant E. coli.     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的构象变化及调节作用

应用园二色谱测定了粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）各构象,结果表明在Ｇｌｕ培养下α螺旋为２８％,β折叠为２２％,无规则卷曲占５０％;而在ＮＨ~＋_４培养下,三者相应为２０％,２０％,６０％。荧光光谱及付立叶红外光谱也证明,两种培养条件下ＧＳ的构象存在着差异。不同氮源对粪产碱菌ＧＳ的形成有显著的影响。高浓度ＮＨ~＋_４培养下ＧＳ合成受到阻遇,而Ｇｌｕ或低浓度ＮＨ~＋_４则对ＧＳ合成无明显的影响。ＮＨ~＋_４对固氮酶活性瞬间抑制可以被ＧＳ的抑制剂部分消除,但ＧＳ活性也受抑制。     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝琼脂糖（ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６８）亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ｋＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值,在以Ｇｌｕ为氮源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）;在以ＮＨ~＋_４为氮源的介质中培养时则分别为７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,４９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）,表明ＮＨ~＋_４培养下形成高度腺苷化的ＧＳ对Ｇｌｕ及ＮＨ~＋_４的亲和力有所下降。     

热凝胶的高产策略及功能研究进展

热凝胶（curdlan）又名β-（1→3）-D-葡聚糖,在食品、医药、保健品等领域具有重要的应用潜力。由粪产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）或土壤杆菌（Agrobacterium sp．）生物合成的热凝胶以成本低廉、提取与纯化技术成熟而成为研究热点。笔者主要针对提高热凝胶产量的菌株改造和发酵控制策略以及热凝胶生物活性的研究进展和相关专利进行综述。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of l-aspartate β-decarboxylase gene from Alcaligenes faecalis CCRC 11585

l -Aspartate β-decarboxylase (Asd) is an important enzyme to produce l-alanine and d-aspartate. The genomic library of Alcaligenes faecalis CCRC 11585 was cloned into pBK-CMV and transformed into Escherichia coli. One clone, which carried the asd gene and expressed Asd activity, was isolated and chosen for further study. PBK-asdAE1 was subcloned and its sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame, consisting of 1599 bp, that encodes a 533-amino-acid polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence of the asd gene from A. faecalis CCRC 11585 (asdA) showed 84% identity with that from Pseudomonas dacunhae CCRC 12623, and the amino acid sequence showed 93% identity. The amino acid sequence of the AsdA showed 51–58% homology with various aminotransferases. Alignment of the AsdA with several aspartate or tyrosine aminotransferases revealed 17 conserved amino acids that appeared in most of the conserved amino acid residues within the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding domains of aminotransferases. Furthermore, the asdA gene was cloned into expression vector pET-21a and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). A protein band sized at 61 kDa is present on the SDS-PAGE gel from the intracellular soluble form of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-asdA. The specific activities of the pET-AsdA purified by using His-Bind chromatography is 215 U/mg at 45°C and pH 5.0, which is 1000-fold higher than that of the A. faecalis crude extract. This is the first report of an asdA gene sequence from A. faecalis and represents the potential application of a recombinant AsdA for production of l-alanine or d-aspartic acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 132–140. Received 02 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 23 June 2000     

粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶在大肠杆菌中组成型表达及分离纯化

将粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因构建重组表达质粒pKKFPGA ,pKKFPGA再转化宿主菌DH5α,所得重组菌不需诱导便能高效表达青霉素G酰化酶 ,表达量达 2590u L ,比野生型粪产碱杆菌表达量高432倍 ,其菌体比活力达300 (u L) A₆₀₀。菌体破碎后的上清液经DEAE-SepharoseCL 6B离子交换层析和Butyl-SepharoseCL 4B疏水层析 ,即可得纯度提高 20倍、比活为 686u mg的青霉素G酰化酶 ,两步纯化的总收率达 91%。Western印迹分析表明5%的原前体青霉素酰化酶在胞内形成了包涵体 ,说明其成熟的限速步骤在胞内的运输阶段.     

An iron dioxygenase from Alcaligenes faecalis catalyzing the oxidation of pyruvic oxime to nitrite

Abstract An enzyme which participated in the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite from was partially purified Alcaligenes faecalis , and some of its properties were studied. The enzyme oxidized aerobically pyruvic oxime to nitrite in the presence of hydroxylamine or ascorbate. As molecular oxygen equimolar to nitrite formed was consumed in the enzymatic oxidation of pyruvic oxime to nitrite, the enzyme was thought to be a dioxygenase. It was an iron protein, and a reducing reagent was required to keep the iron in the ferrous state for the action of the enzyme.     

粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达、纯化及其性质

利用PCR技术克隆了粪产碱杆菌 (Alcaligenesfaecalis,CICCAS1.76 7)青霉素G酰化酶 (pencillinGacylase ,PGA)基因 (GenBank登录号AF4 5 5 35 6 )。通过构建工程菌E .coli(pETAPGA) ,该酶在大肠杆菌中获得了表达 ,表达产物分泌到周质空间。进一步构建的工程菌B .subtilis (pMAPGA)和B .subtilis(pBAPGA)实现了该酶的胞外分泌表达。分泌表达的最高表达量为 6 5 3u/L ,比野生型A .faecalis表达量高 10 9倍。表达产物经硫酸铵分级沉淀和DEAE SepharoseCL 6B两步纯化 ,纯度提高 86倍 ,活力回收率达到 81% ,纯化后的PGA活力为 1.4 6 9u/mg。研究表明 ,PGA家族成员中只有粪产碱杆菌PGA和巨大芽孢杆菌PGA可以在枯草芽孢杆菌中分泌表达。与巨大芽孢杆菌PGA相比 ,粪产碱杆菌PGA的最适pH值为 8.0 ,最适温度为 6 0°C ,而且在有机溶剂中具有更强的稳定性。该酶在水相中具有较低的头孢氨苄合成活力。本研究为粪产碱杆菌PGA的获得提供了新的途径。