The Archaeology Of The Breeden Site

Abstract

The Breeden Site cultural sequence reenforcesthe general culture history already established for the Bad-Cheyenne Region and the more inclusive Middle Missouri Tradition. House remains and the bulk of the ceramic materials from the site indicate habitation of the area by peoples of the Initial Middle Missouri Variant and the PostContact Coalescent Variant.Component A at the Breeden Site and the Monroe and Anderson components at the Dodd Site exhibit a complex of diagnosticcultural traits significant enough to define a new phase - the Anderson Phase. A temporal span of approximately A.D. 950to 1250 is suggested for the phase. Component B of the Breeden Site, an early manifestation of the Post-Contract Coalescent Variant, is closely associated with components of the Felicia Phase and the putative Talking Crow Phase. Breeden Component B probably represents an upriver movement of Coalescent peoples from the Big Bend area, eventually being assimilated into the Arikara populations of the Bad River Phase within the Bad-Cheyenne Region.     

The Bentzen-Little Bald Mountain Site

Abstract

Excavation of a campsite and kill site area situated on a natural animal crossing or saddle between the North Fork of the Tongue River and Beaver Creek just south of Little Bald Mountain, Wyoming, at an elevation of 9,000 feet is described. Among the features found were two firepits containing burned rock, animal bones, and artifacts. The amount of artifacts and animal bones recovered suggested a long and/or intensive occupation, The bones included those of elk and mountain sheep, intermixed with teeth.     

The Vore Site Local Fauna

Abstract

Twelve species of vertebrate animals have been recorded for the Vore Site Local Fauna, Bison being the most common form with estimates of individuals present lying between 15,000 and 25,000 animals. Candidae are the second most common group. Discriminant function analyses performed on the canid skulls has shown them to be part of a local population of wolf Idog hybrids with incipient domestication of that population appearing to be ongoing throughout the occupation of the site. No major shift in ecological zones or species distribution has occurred in the region since the occupation of the site except for those species extripated by the white man.     

The Paleoethnobotany of the Nebo Hill Site

Abstract

Carbonized botanical remains from Nebo Hill 23CL11), a Late Archaic site along the Missouri River, are investigated to gain information relevant to several lines of analysis. A considerable diversity of taxa are represented, but most are present in low quantities. Results indicate that black walnuts (Juglans nigra) were the predominant plant food gathered. Seeds may also have been utilized, but the evidence is not conclusive. Gathering activities appear to have concentrated on a narrow range of plant foods. Seasonal availability of recovered plant remains indicates a probable late summer and autumn occupation.     

The Bentzen-Kaufmann Cave Site 48 SH 301

Abstract

A small cave in northeastern Wyoming yielded a number of bone fragments and artifacts representing an intermittent cultural deposition since the Early Period. A radiocarbon age of 6975 ± 275 years was obtained for one of the oldest components in the site.     

O-糖基化位点预测及糖基化酶催化特点

O-糖链维持所连接蛋白质部分的空间构象。O-糖基化作为生物体内重要的生物过程,其起始步骤具有复杂的高度选择性,迄今为止还未发现固定的模式。人们通过比较已知O-糖基化部位周围的氨基酸序列,推测出O-糖基化位点的一些规律及其酶的催化特性。     

The Discovery of a Novel Macrophage Binding Site

1. During the course of studies directed to determine the transport of Angiotensin II AT(2) receptors in the rat brain, we found that stab wounds to the brain revealed a binding site recognized by the AT(2) receptor ligand CGP42112 but not by Angiotensin II. 2. We localized this novel site to macrophages/microglia associated with physical or chemical injuries of the brain. 3. The non-Angiotensin II site was also highly localized to inflammatory lesions of peripheral arteries. 4. In rodent tissues, high binding expression was limited to the spleen and to circulating monocytes. A high-affinity binding site was also characterized in human monocytes. 5. Lack of affinity for many ligands binding to known macrophage receptors indicated the possibility that the non-Angiotensin II CGP42112 binding corresponds to a novel site.6. CGP42112 enhanced cell attachment to fibronectin and collagen and metalloproteinase-9 secretion from human monocytes incubated in serum-free medium but did not promote cytokine secretion. 7. When added in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, CGP42112 reduced the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-1 beta, and IL-6, and increased protein kinase A. 8. Molecular modeling revealed that a CGP42112 derivative was selective for the novel macrophage site and did not recognize the Angiotensin II AT(2) receptor. 9. These results demonstrate that CGP42112, previously considered as a selective Angiotensin II AT(2) ligand, recognizes an additional non-Angiotensin II site different from AT(2) receptors. 10. Our observations indicate that CGP42112 or related molecules could be considered of interest as potential anti-inflammatory compounds.     

The Site of Oxygen Limitation in Soybean Nodules

In legume nodules the [O₂] in the infected cells limits respiration and nitrogenase activity, becoming more severe if nodules are exposed to subambient O₂ levels. To identify the site of O₂ limitation, adenylate pools were measured in soybean (Glycine max) nodules that were frozen in liquid N₂ before being ground, lyophilized, sonicated, and separated on density gradients of nonaqueous solvents (heptane/tetrachloroethylene) to yield fractions enriched in bacteroid or plant components. In nodules maintained in air, the adenylate energy charge (AEC = [ATP + 0.5 ADP]/[ATP + ADP + AMP]) was lower in the plant compartment (0.65 ± 0.04) than in the bacteroids (0.76 ± 0.095), but did not change when the nodulated root system was exposed to 10% O₂. In contrast, 10% O₂ decreased the bacteroid AEC to 0.56 ± 0.06, leading to the conclusion that they are the primary site of O₂ limitation in nodules. To account for the low but unchanged AEC in the plant compartment and for the evidence that mitochondria are localized in O₂-enriched microenvironments adjacent to intercellular spaces, we propose that steep adenylate gradients may exist between the site of ATP synthesis (and ADP use) in the mitochondria and the extra-mitochondrial sites of ATP use (and ADP production) throughout the large, infected cells.     

The Turk Burial Site, 48WA301

Abstract

This fissure burial in the southern mountains contained four adults and one child. Its age is estimated to be between 100 and 300 years, and the anthropometric evidence is consistent with a Shoshonean affiliation. Though considerably disturbed prior to investigation, the site yielded important information about the burial mode and artifacts of a fairly recent people.