Metal Projectile Points From the Deapolis Site,North Dakota

Abstract

Almost nothing is known about what kinds of metal arrowheads were European trade items and which were made bythe various native groups. A large collection of such arrowheads was made at the 19th century Deapolis Mandan Village. Analysis of these specimens has not clarified the problem of European versus native manufacture although manufacturing techniques can clearly be seen on a few. However, a number of hypothetical taxonomic groups are postulated.     

Automatic Classification: Projectile Points from West Texas

Abstract

Stepwise discriminant function can be used for automatic classification of points. The classification is based on six measurements and can serve as an efficient aid to the typologist.     

Early Occupation of the Caribou Lake Site,Colorado Front Range

Abstract

Chipping debris, a bifacial knife, and the stem of a probable Scottsbluff projectile point were found on the lower of two living surfaces at the Caribou Lake site, Grand County, Colorado. The age of associated charcoal was 8460 ± 140 radiocarbon years. It is uncertain whether the campsite, which lies at timberline near the base of an important pass across the continental divide, reflects seasonal utilization of high-altitude resources, or travel between the plains and mountain parks.     

Breakage Patterns of Central Illinois Woodland Projectile Points

Abstract

In most projectile point assemblages, it is common to find a large proportion of broken specimens. Assuming most broken specimens were broken prior to deposition in the archaeological record, three possible factors correlating with breaks are examined: (1) blade proportions, (2) major functional category, (3) haft morphology. Hypotheses for the role of each factor are framed and tested on a group of specimens from central Illinois. Use category appears to be the major factor in blade breakage, although total extent of breakage is also related to haft morphology.     

Projectile Points From Preceramic Occupations Near Fort Thompson,South Dakota: A Preliminary Report*

Abstract

The article describes in detail and illustrates 58 projectile points excavated from five sites within a six mile radius near the Big Bend of the Missouri River.Geological interpretations, as well as typological relationships to previously reported points outside of the region, indicate a local human prehistory of at least 8, 000 years.     

Divergent Bradyrhizobium symbionts on Tachigali versicolor from Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Relationships of root-nodule bacteria from the tree Tachigali versicolor (legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae) were analyzed for 20 isolates sampled from juvenile plants growing on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Bacterial genetic diversity appeared to be low. In the highly polymorphic 5' intervening sequence region of 23S rRNA, all isolates had the same length variant. A 472 bp segment spanning this region was sequenced in four isolates, and all proved to be identical at every nucleotide position. RFLP analysis of a 868 bp fragment of the nitrogenase alpha-subunit gene likewise indicated that all 20 isolates shared an identical set of restriction sites. Phylogenetic analysis of both partial 23S rRNA and nearly full-length 16S rRNA sequences showed that bacterial symbionts of T. versicolor fall into the genus Bradyrhizobium. However, they are divergent from the bradyrhizobia associated with other BCI legumes, as well as from other currently known bacteria in this genus. Inoculation tests with two promiscuously-nodulating legumes showed that bacteria from T. versicolor were unable to form nodules on Vigna unguiculata, but did nodulate Macroptilium atropurpureum, although the nodules lacked nitrogen fixation activity. The association of Tachigali with a divergent lineage of Bradyrhizobium is noteworthy in view of this plant's position within a clade of the mostly non-nodulating "primitive" legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae that gave rise to the predominantly nodulating subfamily Mimosoideae.     

The Murray Site: a Late Prehistoric Game Drive System in the Colorado Rocky Mountains

Abstract

The Murray site (5 BL 65) “is a tundra game drive near the summit of Mount Albion, Boulder County, Colorado. Rock walls and lines of cairns at the site were used in driving large grazing animals from a broad saddle onto a narrow ridgecrest, where they were killed from ambush by hunters concealed in shallow, rock-rimmed pits. Geological, lichenometric, and radiocarbon dating show that the walls and pits were constructed between about 950 and 1000 yr. BP. Initial use of the system was by people related to the Hog Back Phase (Nelson 1971), who wintered in the Front Range foothills, and who hunted north and south along the continental divide in summer and fall. The site was later modified and re-used by an unidentified Late Prehistoric complex.     

Radiocarbon Dates from the Sutter Site,Northeastern Kansas

Abstract

Five radiocarbon dates from the deeply buried, preceramic Sutter site (14JN309) are evaluated. Its relative chronological position in late Plano times is substantiated by a cluster of dates at approximately 6000 B.C. Comments are made concerning the Great Plains hunting and gathering subsistence pattern.     

Incised and Painted Pebbles from the Levi Site,Travis County,Texas

Abstract

Altered streamworn pebbles have been found in the Pedernales River drainage of inentral Texas. Three pebbles have linear black painted designs; eight others have one to 12 very fine parallel incised lines and are distinctively different from previously described forms. An additional specimen is both painted and incised in such a way as to suggest that the two techniques are related. Distributional data tentatively suggest association with the Austin focus, about A.D. 800-1375.