Jackson Fall-Leaf: A Multi-Component Occupation Site Inc Northeasternc Oklahoma

Abstract

The Jackson Fall-Leaf site is a deeply buried multi-component occupation site located in the Little Caney River Valley of Northeastern Oklahoma. The site, situated in the Cross Timbers province on the southeastern periphery of the Southern Plains, contains cultural debris from the Woodland and Plains Village periods. Excavation produced a large quantity of chipped stone artifacts and allowed the delineation of an activity area within the site. Typological cross dating, in combination with intensive paleo-environmental research at the site and at other locales in the Copan area, indicates that the site dates from the period between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1300.     

Notes On Bison In Val Verde County,Texas: Additions To Dillehay

Abstract

Bison remains from deeply stratified deposits at the Castle Canyon Site, an area of southwestern Texas where bison remains are outstandingly rare, date about 1500 B.C.-A.D. 1000. The last bison known in the area died about 1885. It is suggested that environmental conditions in the area may not have changed, and that presence-absence periods might rather reflect changing conditions on the Central or Northern Plains. These data do not alter Dillehay’s conclusions, but present information not available to him.     

Comments On the Preceramic in Missouri*

Abstract

In the Plains periphery of the Central Area, Missouri, extensive preceramic remains are found. Well recognized complexe s with Paleo-Indian connections are Nebo Hill, Sedalia, Graham Cave Levels 6-4, andArnoldResearch Cave. Radiocarbon dates range from 7738 B. C. to 4322 B. C. Other preceramic complexes described from excavations include the Hatten Mound component and the Lincoln County burial site, in the Northwest Prairie; Blackwell Component A in the Ozark Highland; and the Jakie L2 and L3 components dated at 5112 B. C. to 4422 B. C. in the Southwest Drainage. Surface collections from all areas indicate preceramic occupations.     

Rethinking the Dismal River Aspect and the plains Athapaskans,A.D. 1692-1768

Abstract

Shortly before A.D. 1650, two major and separate cultural traditions of Plains Apache of mixed horticultural-hunting economies evolved in the central High Plains, both with different origins. The “northern” aspect is identical with the Nebraska Sand Hills Athapaskans, or the “Dismal River proper,” and the result of immigration by people of the Fremont culture. The “Southern Aspect of Plains Apache Tradition,” extending from south of the Platte to the middle Pecos, developed as a response to changes stimulated and introduced by Pueblo farming in western Kansas, the core area of this aspect, after 1639. The history of both traditions and their transformations are described from 1692 to 1768. Archaeological sites in the central High Plains of the first half of this period reflect but an episode in the continuing culture of Plains Athapaskans of both traditions. Archaeological and historical information is used to elucidate the dynamics characteristic of the time and the area. The prehistory and history of a given area is viewed as a changing functional entity over time.     

Radiocarbon Dating the Wylie Focus North Central Texas

Abstract

Many archeological complexes in the Southern Plains and Texas have not been adequately dated. Many complexes in northern Texas are still dated by their association with tree-ring dated Puebloan ceramics. This paper describes recent advances in radiocarbon dating the Wylie Focus on the East Fork of the Trinity River. Based upon radiocarbon dates and associated ceramics, it is evident that these sites were occupied before A.D. 1000.     

Hell Gap: Paleo-Indian Occupation on the High Plains

Abstract

A resume of archaeological investigations in the Hell Gap Valley of southeastern Wyoming is presented. This research produced a detailed sequence of Plains PaleoIndian occupation of this section of the High Plains. from about 9000 to 5500 B.C. Identifiable complexes recognized include Goshen, Midland, Folsom, Agate Basin, Hell Gap, Alberta, Cody, and Frederick. Materials recovered represent camping activities rather than the better known game kills, and add dimension to our knowledge of Plains Paleo-Indian cultures.     

Some Aspects Of Diet And Butchering Techniques Among Prehistoric Indians In South Dakota

Abstract

Faunal remains from ten South Dakota archaeological sites, ranging temporally from ca. 600 B.C. - A.D. 1600, are identified and analyzed by the method of White (1952). This analysis shows what species were used, and in what numbers, in sites of the three major temporal divisions; Woodland, Middle Missouri and Coalescent. Bison are the preferred animals in all time periods. Group related butchering techniques are discussed.     

Radiocarbon Dates from the Sutter Site,Northeastern Kansas

Abstract

Five radiocarbon dates from the deeply buried, preceramic Sutter site (14JN309) are evaluated. Its relative chronological position in late Plano times is substantiated by a cluster of dates at approximately 6000 B.C. Comments are made concerning the Great Plains hunting and gathering subsistence pattern.     

Introduction

Abstract

In the space of 20 years the Plains region has progressed from one of the least known to one of the better known regions as far as skeletal studies are concerned. This paper reviews the development of skeletal biology and the accumulation of the large, well documented samples. It provides up-to-date bibliographic citations of the recent literature relating to the United States Plains, including M.A. theses and Ph.D. dissertations which deal with or utilize Plains skeletal material.     

The Gore Pit Site: An Archaic Occupation in Southwestern Oklahoma and a Review Of the Archaic Stage in the Southern Plains

Abstract

The Gore Pit site (34CM131), which is within the city limits of Lawton, Comanche County, Oklahoma, has been revealing evidence of Archaic occupation through excavation and surface collection since 1963. The site is contained in the bottom of a large borrow pit which was sera ped to a depth of 15 to 20 feet by he Highway Department.The pit is on the active flood plain of East Cache Creek and borders the creek a few feet to the east. The artifacts recovered by surface collection include projectile points, scrapers, scraper planes, Clear Fork gouges, andgrinding stones and basins. Three burned rock middens were excavated, one of which yielded radiocarbon dates, 6030 + 300 B.P. (Bastian 1964) and 6145+ 130 B.P. (GX1558). In the spring of 1968, a partially preserved, semiflexed human burial was discovered in the pit. There were no associated artifacts. A radiocarbon date obtained from the apatite fraction of the bone resulted in a determination of 7100+350 B.P. (GX2009). The earliest Archaic on the Southern Plains is presently dated around 6000 B.P. However, there is a paucity of dated and documented sites for the preceding 2000 years. Archaic subsistence patterns occur at least 2000 years earlier in areas to the west and east. The origin and age of the earliest Archaic in the Southern Plains remains undetermined. The Archaic must ultimately be identified on the basis of subsistence patterns and not on the basis of projectile point styles.     

Three new species of the aphaenopsian trechine genus Pilosaphaenops Deuve & Tian, 2008 from South China Karst (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)

Summary

Three new trechine species of the genus Pilosaphaenops Deuve & Tian, 2008, P. qianzhii n. sp. from cave Lubian Dong in Pingtang County, southern Guizhou Province, P. mengzhenae n. sp. and P. weiguofui n. sp. from cave Xia Dong in Nandan County, and cave Shenlong Gong in Huanjiang County respectively, northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated. A key to all known species of this genus is also provided.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:170C467F-5421-49AD-B1B1-091D8BD58B88     

Climate,Acculturation, And Costume A History Of Women’S Clothing Among The Indians Of The Southern Plains

Abstract

This paper accepts Clark Wissler’s dictum, offered as long ago as 1915, in his pioneer study of Plains Indian clothing, that for such perishable objects as costume “real historic data is usually available.” Applying a combination of evidence provided by dated, first-hand, written observations, early drawings and later photographs, as well as selected well documented specimens preserved in museum collections to a study of historic Southern Plains Indian women’s body costume one finds that south of the northern limit of 180 frost-free days the prevailing women’s attire prior to the mid-19th century was a skin skirt and a poncho of the same material. In warm weather the poncho was often omitted sometimes exposing a wearer’s profusely painted or tattooed mammae. By the 1820s some women of affluent families made their garments of trade cloth. By the 1850s a long, trade cloth dress, with kimono sleeves and inset gores was becoming fashionable. This garment, in turn, was superceded among women of status by a three piece skin dress after buckskin became relatively scarce. The two piece skin dress which Wissler proposed as the “plains style” was never typical of the tribes of the Southern Plains. Rather the evidence argues against culture area uniformity in women’s clothing, while suggesting that climate and acculturation resulting from white contact strongly influenced a variety of dress styles among the women of the plains tribes. Indeed the body garments worn by women on the Southern Plains prior to 1850 strikingly resemble those depicted on classic figurines from Vera Cruz, Mexico, while they differed totally from garments worn by women of Northern Plains tribes during early historic times.     

Southern Athapaskan Names in Early Spanish Records*

Abstract

Tribal names of the Plains can be grouped in two general classes, the first and apparently oldest based on a paired Taka, People, and Paka, Enemy People system, with regularly prefixing syllables Pa-, Ta-, Ka-, Ma-, and Sa-, combining and recombining in a Linnaean system of ascending degrees of specificity. The second class, a consonant-cluster system apparently intrusive from the North, is best recorded in Southern Athapaskan languages. Continuous interaction of the two systems account for the very wide range of name forms recorded in the Plains.     

a Terrace Habitat and Late Prehistoric Settlement in North-Central Texas: Pollen And Geological Evidence

Abstract

Ecologically oriented studies in archaeology tend to suffer from over-generalized models. Pollen and geological data from the Cobb-Poole site in northcentral Texas illustrate how reconstruction of specific habitats can beof use in building testable ecological models. New evidence is presented that suggests failure to recover prehistoric pollen from alkaline soils in the Southern Plains is thli! result of inappropriate laboratory methods     

Investigation of the Swift Bird House (39DW233) in the Oahe Reservoir,South Dakota

Abstract

The Swift Bird House (39DW233) is a prehistoric structure of indeterminate characteristics. The associated artifacts are directed to a Northern Plains horticulture and hunting complex. A tenuous relationship to the Anoka Focus and a possible occupation date of about A. D. 1500 is suggested for the site     

A new species of Rhytimorpha Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from Israel

The distinctive braconine wasp genus Rhytimorpha Szépligeti is distributed through Africa and the Near East. We provide photographic illustrations of the type specimens of the two species of Rhytimorpha known up to the present, R. coccinea Szépligeti and R. nigriceps Szépligeti. Previous published records of R. coccinea from Israel by J. Papp are confirmed. A new species, R. pappi Quicke & Butcher sp. n. is described based on a female from Holot Agur, a semi-desert area in the Negev Dunes in northeastern Sinai Peninsula.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5CDA65C-5341-4A61-9C85-2A7A70D7D4C1     

TRB3基因敲除减轻糖尿病小鼠中骨骼肌萎缩和纤维化的研究

摘要 目的：探讨TRB3基因敲除对糖尿病小鼠中骨骼肌萎缩和纤维化的影响。方法：选择30只TRB3敲除（TRB3-/-）小鼠和30只C57/BL6J小鼠，随机分为4组，包括TRB3基因敲除糖尿病模型组（A组）、TRB3基因敲除正常对照组（B组）、普通对照组（C组）和糖尿病模型组（D组）。正常对照组小鼠喂养标准大鼠饲料，糖尿病模型小鼠使用腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病小鼠模型。进行前肢握力测试、悬栅试验、肌肉功能试验，同时测定骨微结构各指标水平、抗I型胶原蛋白和抗III型胶原蛋白水平、萎缩基因MuRF1和Atrogin-1水平。结果：A组、B组、D组小鼠前肢握力显著低于C组，其中D组小鼠前肢握力最低（P<0.05）；A组、B组、D组小鼠悬栅试验倒挂时间显著低于C组，其中D组小鼠悬栅试验倒挂时间最短（P<0.05）；A组、B组、D组小鼠肌肉功能CSA值显著低于C组，其中D组小鼠肌肉功能CSA值最低（P<0.05）；A组、B组、D组小鼠骨微结构指标BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th值显著小于C组，其中D组数值最低（P<0.05）；而Tb.Sp和SMI值显著大于C组，其中D组数值最高（P<0.05）；A组、B组、D组小鼠抗I型胶原蛋白和抗III型胶原蛋白水平显著高于C组，其中D组抗I型胶原蛋白和抗III型胶原蛋白水平最高（P<0.05）；A组、B组、D组小鼠萎缩基因MuRF1和Atrogin-1水平显著高于C组，其中D组萎缩基因MuRF1和Atrogin-1水平最高（P<0.05）。结论：TRB3基因敲除可显著减轻糖尿病小鼠中骨骼肌萎缩和纤维化，增加骨强度。     

Archeological Investigations at the Spawn Mound, 39LK201, Lake County,South Dakota

Abstract

The Spawn Mound, 39LK201, overlooking Brant Lake in eastern South Dakota, appears to be a Plains Woodland burial mound later used by historic Dakota for secondary interments. The 1966 excavations revealed two burial pits believed to be contemporaneous with the erection of the mound, which were assigned to the Plains Woodland component, and a third pit at the center of the mound which has been assigned to the historic Dakota. Each of the Woodland burial pits contained at least three individuals buried in the flexed position. The intrusive pit contained the remains of at least two individuals, apparently “bundle” burials. These intrusive burials were accompanied by European trade items.

On the basis of the limited ceramic material from the mound, including one rim sherd of the Ellis Cord Impressed type, as well as various lithic materials recovered in the mound fill, the Plains Woodland component has been tentatively assigned to the Loseke Focus. The historic burials would appear to date between A. D. 1800-1850.     

Heterogeneity of human C4 gene size

In this article we present a study showing that the human C4 genes differ in length because of the presence or absence of a 6.5 kb intron near the 5 end of the gene. DNA from individuals of known HLA, factor B, and C4 haplotypes was analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by Southern blot analysis with C4-specific cDNA probes. The RFLP patterns obtained showed that the C4 genes are either 22.5 kb or 16 kb in length. They are referred to as long and short C4 genes, respectively. A population study was carried out to examine the distribution of the gene size according to C4 allotypes and haplotypes. Long C4 genes included all C4A genes studied and also some C4B allotypes, e. g., B1 on most C4 A3B1 haplotypes. Similarly, C4B null genes were found to be of the long form. Other C4B allotypes tested were found to be coded for by short C4 genes, including B2, B1 in C4 A6B1 and C4 AQOB1 (with a single C4B gene haplotype).Abbreviations used in this paper C4 fourth component of complement - C2 second component of complement - BF factor B - MHC major histocompatibility complex - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - SDS lauryl sulfate, sodium salt