The Olson Mound (39BF223) in Buffalo County,South Dakota

Abstract

A low, dome-shaped, earthern tumulus was excavated during the summer of 1957. The mound contained poorly preserved remains of a secondary burial in a shallow, sub-mound pit. Three individuals were represented in the burial.

Artifactual associations were sparse.They consisted of one simplestamped body sherd, 2 end scrapers,4 knives; 1 drill and 3 mealing stone fragments.

Similarities between this mound and other sites in the vicinity are discussed. An appendix contains the analysis of the identifiable skeletal material.     

Plant Remains From a Woodland Storage Pit,Boney Spring,Missouri

Abstract

An Early Woodland storage pit, dated at 1920±50 BP, was found in the peat layer surrounding the spring feeder at Boney Spring, Benton County, western Missouri, in association with a burial and other cultural material. The pit contents were unusually well preserved, apparently because of the saturated condition of the spring deposits. Materials from the pit were compared with plant remains from a control block removed from the surrounding contemporary peat layer. The pit contained masses of white oak and bur oak acorns, numerous shagbark hickory nuts, and seven species of autumnal seeds, i ncl udi ng squash (Cucurbita pepo), giant ragweed, poke berry, wild pi um, elderberry, cocklebur, and black haw which did not occur in the control block and which indicate the contents were placed in the pit during the fall.     

Archeological Investigations at the Spawn Mound, 39LK201, Lake County,South Dakota

Abstract

The Spawn Mound, 39LK201, overlooking Brant Lake in eastern South Dakota, appears to be a Plains Woodland burial mound later used by historic Dakota for secondary interments. The 1966 excavations revealed two burial pits believed to be contemporaneous with the erection of the mound, which were assigned to the Plains Woodland component, and a third pit at the center of the mound which has been assigned to the historic Dakota. Each of the Woodland burial pits contained at least three individuals buried in the flexed position. The intrusive pit contained the remains of at least two individuals, apparently “bundle” burials. These intrusive burials were accompanied by European trade items.

On the basis of the limited ceramic material from the mound, including one rim sherd of the Ellis Cord Impressed type, as well as various lithic materials recovered in the mound fill, the Plains Woodland component has been tentatively assigned to the Loseke Focus. The historic burials would appear to date between A. D. 1800-1850.     

The Eureka and Comstock Mounds,Southwestern Missouri

Abstract

Two rock and earth mounds in the Stockton Reservoir area provide data on two separate burial complexes previously unknownin thewestern Ozark Highlands. The Eureka Mound contained primary inhwnations with associations similar to those innearby Woodland and Mississippian mounds, but is unique in yielding a Caddoan water bottle of the Spiro Engraved type, and is dated about A. D. 1000-1450. This trade vessel, and Caddoan sherds from other sites in southwestern Missouri, provides leads to Caddoan contacts with groups in the Ozark Highlands. The Comstock Mound contained a single primary burial in a central pit associated with White trade goods which date around A.D. 1800. The mound may be of Osage Indian origin, but this identification is open to question because of transient Indian groups pas sing through the area about A. D. 1800.     

Plains Facts

Abstract

During the summer of 1960, 8 burial or storage pits were uncovered at the Leary site 25RH1, Richardson County, Nebraska by a bulldozer of the county highway department. A rush archaeological salvage excavation was conducted, Remains of at least 3 individuals were recovered, Pottery resembles that excavated from the site in 1935 by the Nebraska State Historical Society and is classified as Oneota, A wine bottle of the type manufactured by the William McCully Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania between 1832 and 1890 was recovered from an undisturbed part of a storage pit. It is thought to be intrusive through rodent action.     

The Jared Site: A Comanche Burial at Fort Sill,Oklahoma

Abstract

A late-19th century ravine burial from Southwest Oklahoma is described. The site is compared with historic and anthropological records to document a nineteenth century Comanche burial practice.     

The Gore Pit Site: An Archaic Occupation in Southwestern Oklahoma and a Review Of the Archaic Stage in the Southern Plains

Abstract

The Gore Pit site (34CM131), which is within the city limits of Lawton, Comanche County, Oklahoma, has been revealing evidence of Archaic occupation through excavation and surface collection since 1963. The site is contained in the bottom of a large borrow pit which was sera ped to a depth of 15 to 20 feet by he Highway Department.The pit is on the active flood plain of East Cache Creek and borders the creek a few feet to the east. The artifacts recovered by surface collection include projectile points, scrapers, scraper planes, Clear Fork gouges, andgrinding stones and basins. Three burned rock middens were excavated, one of which yielded radiocarbon dates, 6030 + 300 B.P. (Bastian 1964) and 6145+ 130 B.P. (GX1558). In the spring of 1968, a partially preserved, semiflexed human burial was discovered in the pit. There were no associated artifacts. A radiocarbon date obtained from the apatite fraction of the bone resulted in a determination of 7100+350 B.P. (GX2009). The earliest Archaic on the Southern Plains is presently dated around 6000 B.P. However, there is a paucity of dated and documented sites for the preceding 2000 years. Archaic subsistence patterns occur at least 2000 years earlier in areas to the west and east. The origin and age of the earliest Archaic in the Southern Plains remains undetermined. The Archaic must ultimately be identified on the basis of subsistence patterns and not on the basis of projectile point styles.     

Quantitative autoradiography in boron neutron capture therapy considering the particle ranges in the samples

PurposeBoron neutron capture therapy is a cellular-scale particle therapy exploiting boron neutron capture reactions in boron compounds distributed in tumour cells. Its therapeutic effect depends on both the accumulation of boron in tumour cells and the neutron fluence. Autoradiography is used to visualise the micro-distribution of boron compounds.MethodsHere, we present an equation for the relationship between boron concentration and pit density on the solid-state nuclear track detector, taking into consideration the particle ranges in the samples. This equation is validated using liver-tissue sections and boron standard solutions. Moreover, we present a simple co-localisation system for pit and tissue-section images that requires no special equipment.ResultsThe equation reproduces the experimentally observed trends between boron concentration and pit density. This equation provides a theoretical explanation for the widely used calibration curve between pit density and boron concentration; it also provides a method to correct for differences of tissue-section thickness in quantitative autoradiography.ConclusionsUsing the equation together with this co-localisation system could improve micro-scale quantitative estimation in tissue sections.     

The Turk Burial Site, 48WA301

Abstract

This fissure burial in the southern mountains contained four adults and one child. Its age is estimated to be between 100 and 300 years, and the anthropometric evidence is consistent with a Shoshonean affiliation. Though considerably disturbed prior to investigation, the site yielded important information about the burial mode and artifacts of a fairly recent people.     

A Woodland Burial from Boney Spring,Missouri

Abstract

A secondary burial from a peat layer adjoining the spring feeder at Boney Spring, Benton County, southwestern Missouri, is identified as a young adult male, interred about A.D. 50. The burial, associated with Early Woodland materials in the peat bed, was less than one meter from the edge of the spring feeder in deposits once saturated with water - suggesting that the burial (and associated Woodland features) was made at a time of reduced spring discharge and, perhaps, during a period of reduced precipitation. The burial is well within the limits of characteristics recorded for eastern Archaic groups, lending support to the hypothesis of continuity between the Archaic and Early Woodland peoples in the American Midwest.     

A Collection of Historic Material from the Ft. Collins City Museum,Ft. Collins,Colorado

Abstract

In the late 1930’s, near Morton, Wyoming, a burial was found which included an interesting collection of artifacts. An attempt is made to answer questions regarding the date of burial, tribal origin, and sex of the individual by an analysis of the material. This material is now on exhibit at the Ft. Collins City Museum.     

The De Winton Burial:A Tragedy Across The Years

Abstract

A human burial was discovered during housebuilding operations in the community of De Winton, a few miles south of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The fragmentary remains consist of an immature aborigine of uncertain chronological and cultural assignment.The remains are described and forensically evaluated. Floral and faunal remains in presumed association\with the burial are also described and evaluated. All materials are then interpreted with relevance to some anthropological literature and to each other.     

An Isolated Human Burial of Probable Woodland Association from Golden Gate Canyon,Colorado

Abstract

In late 1975 a human burial was discovered under rather fortuitous circumstances during quarrying operations for gravel in Golden Gate Canyon, just north of Golden, Colorado. The skeletal matenal, recognized as being prehistoric by authorities, was subsequently turned over to the University of Colorado at Denver for analysis. The burial is analyzed in terms of its metric, nonmetric and pathological features. The archaeological sequence in the immediate area of the discovery indicates a probable Woodland period age for the burial, although no cultural materials were recovered and all contextual relationships were destroyed prior to examination by archaeologists.     

泸型酒窖泥中梭菌的分离及代谢产物分析

[目的] 分离窖泥中的梭菌微生物并对其代谢产物进行评估。[方法] 对窖泥中梭菌群落的16S rRNA基因进行高通量测序;利用高丰度的梭菌OTU序列在KOMODO数据库进行培养基的预测,定向分离窖泥中梭菌菌株;采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用仪对窖泥和代表性梭菌菌株的挥发性代谢产物进行检测。[结果] 利用KOMODO数据库预测的梭菌培养基共计筛选到31株梭菌微生物,分属于梭菌属的14个种;根据风味代谢特性,这些菌株主要分为两大类,一是C.carboxidivorans、C.sporogenes和C.tyrobutyricum等产酸为主的梭菌,二是C.beijerinckii、C.butyricum和C.sphenoides等产醇为主的梭菌。[结论] 利用测序序列预测培养基有助于从窖泥中分离获得丰富的梭菌菌株,其物种和代谢能力的多样性对解析白酒复杂风味形成机理奠定了一定的基础。     

Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies

Fine-scale interconduit pit modifications regulating drought-induced embolism.

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Highlights► The hydraulic pathway of plants is vulnerable to develop air bubbles. ► Air bubble formation in plants is caused by drought or freeze–thaw events. ► Various mechanical xylem properties are correlated with drought-induced embolisms. ► Angiosperms have a greater ability to repair stem embolisms than gymnosperms. ► Secondarily woody shrubs are more embolism resistant than herbaceous relatives.     

甘肃白银铜矿矿坑土壤细菌和古菌的多样性及坡度分布特征

【背景】甘肃白银铜矿作为西部地区的重要矿区，探究其细菌和古菌多样性及坡度分布特征对明确矿区微生物多样性分布具有关键意义。【目的】通过分析白银铜矿矿坑不同坡度的土壤细菌群落多样性和古菌群落多样性，探究不同坡度土壤样品细菌及古菌多样性与理化性质之间的关系。【方法】以不同坡度的白银铜矿土样为材料，采用Illumina HiSeq测序技术，分析样品的细菌多样性和古菌多样性。【结果】α和β多样性分析表明，ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson等多样性指数在样品间存在显著差异。白银铜矿矿坑土壤的细菌排名前十的纲是Gammaproteobacteria、Oxyphotobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria、Bacteroidia、Actinobacteria、Clostridia、Nitrospira、Bacilli、Mollicutes和Acidimicrobiia，相对丰度最高的是Gammaproteobacteria。在纲水平上，白银铜矿的古菌由Thermoplasmata、Nitrososphaeria、Methanomicrobia、Halobacteria、Methanobacteria、Group_1.1c和Bathyarchaeia组成，相对丰度最高的是Thermoplasmata。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)得出，pH和速效磷是影响土壤多样性的最重要因素。【结论】白银铜矿为强酸性铜矿，其土壤铜离子含量最高。从坡顶到坡底，pH呈现先降低再升高的趋势(2.18-4.75)，铜离子(20-150mg/kg)和总铁(2.5-50mg/kg)呈现先升高后降低的趋势，铵态氮(3.61-44.90mg/kg)、速效磷(0-56.79mg/kg)和速效钾(9.07-35.65mg/kg)含量低且呈现波动趋势，硫化物(1mg/kg)无明显变化。白银铜矿矿坑土壤细菌相对丰度最高的属为Acidithiobacillus，古菌相对丰度较高的属为uncultured_bacterium_f_Ferroplasmaceae和uncultured_bacterium_f_Nitrososphaeraceae。其中，细菌多样性受到pH驱动，古菌多样性受到速效磷的驱动。本研究有助于我们进一步了解白银铜矿土壤微生物群落的变化。     

窖泥优势拟杆菌纲微生物Petrimonas sulfuriphila的分离及其功能解析

[目的]筛选窖泥中尚未被纯培养的高丰度拟杆菌纲微生物,并在纯培养菌株层面和共培养层面探究其生理代谢特征及生态学功能。[方法]采用传代培养提高窖泥拟杆菌纲微生物的相对丰度,在此基础上进行筛菌实验,并通过发酵实验解析主体拟杆菌的代谢特征及其与主体己酸菌的相互作用关系。[结果]成功筛选到Petrimonas sulfuriphila LBM11005,该菌的主要代谢产物为乙酸和丙酸,且葡萄糖能促进该菌的生长。无论是否存在底物竞争效应,P. sulfuriphila LBM11005均能与窖泥主体己酸菌Caproicibacterium sp. LBM19010在代谢物水平上发生相互作用,表现为后者可以利用前者的代谢产物丙酸进行碳链延伸,产生新的奇数碳脂肪酸——戊酸和庚酸。[结论]探明了窖泥主体拟杆菌纲微生物P. sulfuriphila LBM11005的基本生理代谢特征,且该菌与主体己酸菌相互作用,贡献于更长碳链奇数碳脂肪酸的合成。     

History of a Refuse Pit:Interpreting Plains Camp Activities at a Microcosmic Level

Abstract

During the summer of 1970, a storage pit filled with canip debris was excavated by depositional levels at site DgMg-15. The pit had been used repeatedly while slowly being filled with habitation debris. Six hearths were in the pit, several of which had been carefully covered with layers of sterile gravel. The earliest hearth yielded a carbon-14 date of A.D. 1610 ±130 (GSC-1546). Evidence from these excavations indicates that important information can be lost by treating storage pits as single, homogeneous units of activity.     

A Late Prehistoric Bundle Burial From Southern Wyomingc

Abstract

A Late Prehistoric bundle burial from the Stone Fence Site in south-central Wyoming produced partial skeletal remains of a middle-aged male of Shoshonean biological affinities.A total of 19 bone beads were found in the grave. Both osteological and cultural interpretations were possible from the previously undisturbed grave and its contents.