Insights into post-fledging dispersal of Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus in southern Africa from GPS satellite telemetry

Capsule: Fledglings progressively increase their home range size and ranging behaviour as they age.

Aims: To examine the home range size and ranging behaviour of Bearded Vulture fledglings during the post-fledging dependence period and determine the onset of natal dispersal.

Methods: Post-fledging movements of three individuals were investigated in southern Africa using global positioning system (GPS) satellite telemetry which enabled home range sizes and distances travelled from the nest to be calculated.

Results: Fledglings increased their home range size from an average of 0.4–10 999?km² (100% Minimum Convex Polygons) and 9.13–11 466?km² (fixed 95% kernels) within the first six months post fledging. They also increased home range use as they aged with maximum daily distances travelled from the nest occurring between 98 and 136 days post fledging (when fledglings were aged between 222 and 262 days), after which time they dispersed from their natal area. Distances between fixes were highest during the dispersal period.

Conclusion: GPS satellite telemetry allows us to accurately demonstrate how fledglings progressively increase and use their home ranges as they age and undertake pre-dispersive exploratory flights. Results confirm the notion that juveniles disperse at the onset of the following breeding season and suggest that dispersal occurs earlier in the southern hemisphere.     

重症监护室烧伤感染患者脓毒症的病原菌分布及影响因素研究

目的:探讨重症监护室(ICU)烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生情况及病原菌分布,并分析其危险因素,为防治ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症提供理论依据。方法:收集我院2016年7月-2019年7月期间的86例ICU烧伤感染患者的临床资料,依据是否发生脓毒症,将其分为脓毒症组和非脓毒症组,比较两组的基本资料等情况,分析ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生率及病原菌分布,并分析ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生的影响因素。结果:86例ICU烧伤感染患者中有33例发生脓毒症,发生率为38.37%;ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症病原菌主要是革兰阴性杆菌(占54.55%),其次是革兰阳性球菌(占42.42%);单因素结果分析发现,烧伤至入院时间、合并糖尿病、吸入性损伤、首次手术时间以及烧伤面积与ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析发现,首次手术时间>2d、TBSA>50%是ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:ICU烧伤感染患者易发生脓毒症,首次手术时间>2d以及TBSA>50%是其发生的独立危险因素,临床应采取针对性预防措施,以降低ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生率。     

Notes on Fissidens

Abstract

Protonemal gemmae in Schistostega pennata are reported and described from Britain for the first time; they are compared particularly with those from the Australasian moss Mittenia plumula.     

Time intervals to care and health service use experiences of uninsured cancer patients treated under public financing in Mexico City

BackgroundThe present study assesses the time intervals from symptom discovery to treatment start and describes the health service use experiences of uninsured patients with cancer of the breast, cervix uteri, testicle, and prostate before their arrival to the cancer hospital.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1468 patients who were diagnosed between June 2016 and May 2017 and received treatment for the selected cancers in two of the largest public cancer hospitals in Mexico City, financed through Seguro Popular. Data was collected through a survey administered via face-to-face interviews with patients and a review of their medical files.ResultsThe median time between detection (symptom discovery or first abnormal screening test) and treatment start was 6.6 months. For all types of cancer, the longest interval was the diagnostic interval –between the first use of healthcare services and the confirmation of cancer. Less than 20% cancer patients were diagnosed in the earliest stages that are associated with the best chances of long-term survival. The participants described a high use of private services for their first consultation, the use of several different types of health services and multiple consultations before arrival to the cancer centers, and 35% perceived being misdiagnosed by the first doctor they consulted.ConclusionsMost cancer patients treated in the two largest public institutions available for the uninsured faced long delays to get diagnosed and started treatment at advanced stages. Strengthening quality and access for effective early cancer diagnosis and treatment is key to improve patient outcomes in low and middle-income settings.     

静脉溶栓时机对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓效果及主要不良心脏事件发生率的影响

目的:探讨静脉溶栓时机对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓效果及主要不良心脏事件发生率的影响。方法:将2016年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的314例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者纳入本研究,按照溶栓治疗时间不同分为A组(发病至溶栓时间6 h)172例、B组(发病至溶栓时间为6～12 h)102例和C组(发病至溶栓时间12 h)40例,比较三组患者溶栓效果、溶栓后ST段回落情况以及住院期间主要不良心脏事件发生情况。结果:A组患者梗死冠脉溶通率、溶栓后ST段回落幅度高于B组和C组,且B组高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者治疗后ST段回落最大幅度所需时间、住院期间主要不良心脏事件总发生率低于B组和C组,且B组低于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者发病后6 h内静脉溶栓治疗梗死冠脉溶通率更高、ST段回落效果更好,可降低住院期间主要不良心脏事件发生风险。     

红树林植物瓶花木中的细胞毒活性成分(Ⅱ)

从红树林树植物瓶花木(Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f.)的乙醇提取物中分离得到5个化合物,通过波谱分析,鉴定其结构分别为:shanzhigenin methyl ester (1)、1-epishanzhigenin methyl ester (2)、山柰酚 (3)、芹菜素 (4)和 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-3,6,8,4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5)。以上化合物均为首次从瓶花木中分离得到。细胞毒活性测试结果表明,化合物1和2的混合物对人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)的增殖有较强的生长抑制活性。     

欧洲李种子的化学成分研究

利用溶剂萃取和色谱分离手段,从蔷薇科植物欧洲李(Prunus domestica L.)种子中得到6个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为松柏醛(1)、东莨菪亭(2)、(-)-二氢脱氢二松柏醇(3)、(-)-榕醛(4)、(E)-3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二羟基茋(5)和5-羟甲基糠醛(6)。这些化合物均系首次从欧洲李种子中分离得到。     

南美蟛蜞菊中的酚酸类化学成分

为了解南美蟛蜞菊[Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.]的化学成分, 从其全株中分离得到9 个酚酸类化合物。经光谱分析, 分别鉴定为6-乙酰基-7-羟基-2,3-二甲基色原酮 (1)、七叶内酯 (2)、丁香醛 (3)、5-羟甲基糠醛 (4)、对羟基苯甲酸 (5)、水杨酸 (6)、反式对羟基桂皮酸 (7)、咖啡酸甲酯 (8) 和反式咖啡酸 (9)。化合物1~8 为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

血清白蛋白与球蛋白比值联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值对AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的预测价值

摘要 目的：分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者出院后1年内再入院的影响因素,同时探讨血清白蛋白与球蛋白比值（AGR）联合血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）对AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的预测价值。方法：选取2018年5月～2021年10月期间广东省人民医院收治的261例AECOPD患者,根据出院后1年内是否再入院分为再入院组（n=96）和无再入院组（n=165）。对比两组AGR、PLR。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析AGR、PLR对AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的预测价值。结果：再入院组的AGR低于无再入院组,PLR高于无再入院组（P<0.05）。AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院与ADL评分、日均中低强度身体活动时间、家庭氧疗、入院前1年急性加重次数、FEV₁%Pred、抗生素使用时间有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：日均中低强度身体活动时间<2 h、入院前1年急性加重次数≥2次、FEV₁%Pred<50、AGR偏低、PLR偏高是AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示：AGR、PLR联合预测AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的曲线下面积（AUC）大于AGR、PLR单独预测。结论：AGR联合PLR对AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的预测价值较高。日均中低强度身体活动时间<2 h、入院前1年急性加重次数≥2次、FEV₁%Pred<50、AGR偏低、PLR偏高是AECOPD患者出院后1年内再入院的危险因素。     

海南产木薯茎化学成分研究

从木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为呋喃(1)、肥牛木素(2)、3-吲哚甲酸(3)、3,9,13-megastigmanetriol (4)、穗花杉双黄酮(5)、yucalexin P-21 (6),其中化合物1~5为首次从该植物中分离得到。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了这些化合物的抗菌活性,结果表明化合物1、3、4和6对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。     

Evidence for crossing the blood barrier of adult rat brain by human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during a 6-month period of post-transplantation

Background aimsTherapeutic promises of adult stem cells have been overshadowed by an elicited immune response, low maintenance of implanted cells or concerns regarding their migration to non-target sites. These problems might be lessened by the use of immune privilege cells and tissues for implantation.MethodsIn this study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADMSCs) were stably transfected with a vector containing Turbo green fluorescent protein (GFP) and JRed, which allows tracing the cells after transplantation. Labeled hADMSCs were transplanted into the adult rat brain followed by assessment of their survival and migration during 6 months after transplantation.ResultsResults indicate that there were no postsurgical complications, and the animals thrived after transplantation. The lesions of the surgical process were remarkable at the first weeks, and a high number of transplanted cells were accumulated around them. Cell populations declined over time as they partly migrated away from the injection sites; nonetheless, they were detectable at each examination time point. Although the cells could survive and remain at the injection site for up to 6 months, some of them drifted to spleen, which is an indication of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.ConclusionsDespite the high survival rate of hADMSCs in the xenogenic condition, which is an ideal criterion in cell therapy, irregular migration tendency must be handled with caution.     

加速康复外科理念联合腹腔镜技术对穿孔性阑尾炎患儿肠道功能恢复及外周血WBC、CRP、IL-6的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术联合加速康复外科理念(ERAS)对穿孔性阑尾炎患儿肠道功能恢复及外周血白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法:选取2017年8月~2019年8月期间我院收治的行腹腔镜下阑尾切除术的患儿120例,上述患儿根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=60)和研究组(n=60),两组均给予腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗,对照组给予常规围手术期处理,研究组给予ERAS,比较两组围术期指标、WBC、CRP、IL-6水平,比较两组术后疼痛状况及满意度情况,记录两组治疗期间并发症发生情况。结果:研究组住院时间、首次排气时间、下床活动时间、首次进食时间较对照组短,住院费用少于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后3 d、术后5 d血清WBC、CRP、IL-6水平呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.05);研究组术后3 d、术后5 d血清WBC、CRP、IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)评分低于对照组,而满意率则高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后并发症总发生率研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:ERAS联合腹腔镜技术治疗穿孔性阑尾炎患儿安全有效,可减轻患儿疼痛及炎性应激,促进其术后肠道功能恢复,减轻患儿家庭经济负担。     

Coated Vesicles From Locust Oocytes: Isolation and Characterization

Summary

This report demonstrates for the first time the isolation of coated vesicles from insect oocytes. Coated vesicles were purified from oocytes of Locusta migratoria by differential centrifugation and sucrose density centrifugation. The coated vesicles were characterized by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and scanning densitometry. Like coated vesicles isolated from pig brain and chicken oocytes, the coated vesicles from locust oocytes contained clathrin as the major protein component. Apart from clathrin, another major protein characteristic of coated vesicles had a molecular weight of about 115,000, and in addition, several minor unidentified bands were identified.     

开放和腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后早期全身与腹腔炎性反应的差异

目的:探讨开放和腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后早期全身与腹腔炎性的反应。方法:选取我院直肠癌患者210例,开放直肠癌根治术为108例,腹腔镜根治术患者102例,开放直肠癌根治术组为对照组,腹腔镜根治术患者为实验组。对比手术一般指标以及术后炎症反应指标。结果:手术一般指标:对照组的切口长度、手术时间、排气时间、并发症发生率、住院时间和4天引流量均显著大于实验组,此6项差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);对照组的术中出血量、术后第1天引流量略高于实验组,此2项无统计学意义(P0.05)。炎症指标:术前2组4项炎症指标均无统计学意义(P0.05)。血液检查:术后第1天差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第4天差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹部引流物检查:第1天对照组的炎症指标均高于实验组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后第4天对照组的炎症指标均显著高于实验组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对比于传统直肠癌开放手术,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术具有创伤小、住院时间短及恢复快等优势,同时腹腔镜手术在术后炎症消退速度更快,更有利于患者恢复。     

耳穴压豆疗法对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄、睡眠时间及焦虑水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨耳穴压豆疗法对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄、睡眠时间及焦虑水平的影响。方法：选择2019年12月至2020年12月我院收治的老年髋部骨折患者70例为受试对象,根据患者入院先后顺序编号,随机分为观察组和对照组各35例。对照组行临床路径常规处理,观察组在对照组基础上加用耳穴压豆疗法。入院后每天使用谵妄量表分析系统（CAM-CR）对所有患者进行评估,若确诊为谵妄,则进行谵妄评定量表-98修订版（DRS-R-98）评定,并记录首次及末次DRS-R-98分值及谵妄持续时间;记录患者每天睡眠时间;同时在入院当天、术前1天及术后1周采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）进行焦虑评分。结果：对照组术后13例发生谵妄,发生率为37.14%;观察组术后5例发生谵妄,发生率为14.29%,两组术后谵妄发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后谵妄持续时间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者每天睡眠时间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后1周的SAS评分和HAMA评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：老年髋部骨折患者应用耳穴压豆疗法可缓解患者的焦虑水平,改善睡眠,降低术后谵妄的发生率,减少谵妄的持续时间,促进患者的早期恢复。     

枝顶孢属真菌的抑菌活性及其代谢产物研究

用组织分离法从采集于广东鼎湖山的腐殖质中分离得到一株枝顶孢属真菌(Acremonium sp. SC0105),其固体发酵物的乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)有较强的抑制作用。经多种柱层析,从固体发酵物中分离得到5个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为姜糖脂B (1)、姜糖脂C (2)、D-甘露醇(3)、酒渣碱(4)、枝顶孢素F(5)。其中酒渣碱是首次从枝顶孢属真菌中分离得到。     

低血流量阴茎异常勃起的诊断及治疗(附35例报告)

目的:探讨低血流量阴茎异常勃起的诊断和治疗方法。方法:选取2010年9月至2016年10月我院收治的低血流量阴茎异常勃起住院患者35例,综合阴茎海绵体血气分析及彩色超声检查35例均为低血流量(缺血性)阴茎异常勃起,勃起时间12至240小时,平均72小时。其中,有31例患者应用过药物藻酸双酯钠,1例患者为性生活后导致异常勃起,1例患者为排尿后导致异常勃起,2例患者应用何种药物不详。结果:入院后给予冷敷、镇静、阴茎海绵体灌洗等治疗后5例症状消失,其余30例患者阴茎仍持续勃起。遂施行阴茎海绵体尿道海绵体分流术,术后全部病人阴茎萎软。随访6至24个月,31例患者出现勃起功能障碍,其中轻度患者7例,中度患者16例,重度患者8例。结论:(1)阴茎海绵体血气分析、彩色多谱勒超声检查是诊断阴茎异常勃起的重要方法。(2)冷敷、镇静、阴茎海绵体抽吸减压等治疗是低流量阴茎异常勃起的首选,如无效应及时行阴茎海绵体尿道海绵体分流术。     

Time course and mechanistic analysis of human umbilical cord perivascular cell mitigation of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and neurological inflammation

Background aimsBecause of their potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, mesenchymal stromal cells are a major focus in the field of stem cell therapy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this are not entirely understood. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are a promising cell therapy candidate. This study was designed to evaluate the time course and mechanisms by which HUCPVCs mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic and neurological inflammation in immunocompetent mice. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the authors investigated the biodistribution and fate of HUCPVCs.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to four groups: control, LPS, HUCPVCs or LPS + HUCPVCs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cytokine arrays were used to assess changes in pro-inflammatory mediators systemically and in the brain. Depressive-like behavioral changes were evaluated via a forced swim test. Quantum dot (qDot) labeling and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the biodistribution and fate of HUCPVCs and interactions with recipient innate immune cells.ResultsA single intravenously delivered dose of HUCPVCs significantly reduced the systemic inflammation induced by LPS within the first 24 h after administration. HUCPVC treatment abrogated the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the hippocampus and cortex and attenuated depressive-like behavior induced by LPS treatment. Biodistribution analysis revealed that HUCPVC-derived qDots rapidly accumulated in the lungs and demonstrated limited in vivo persistence. Furthermore, qDot signals were associated with major recipient innate immune cells and promoted a shift in macrophages toward a regulatory phenotype in the lungs.ConclusionsOverall, this study demonstrates that HUCPVCs can successfully reduce systemic and neurological inflammation induced by LPS within the first 24 h after administration. Biodistribution and fate analyses suggest a critical role for the innate immune system in the HUCPVC-based immunomodulation mechanism.     

Characterization of potential allergens in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) using patient sera and MS-based proteomic analysis

BackgroundFenugreek is a legume plant used as an ingredient of curry spice. Incidents of IgE-mediated food allergy to fenugreek have been reported. Coincidence with allergy to peanut, a major food allergen, seems to be common suggesting a rather high rate of cross-reactivity.ObjectiveCharacterization of fenugreek allergens using patient sera and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis.MethodsAllergenic fenugreek proteins were detected by immunoblotting, using sera from 13 patients with specific IgE to peanut and fenugreek. IgE-binding proteins were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting and peptide sequencing.ResultsA fenugreek protein quintet in the range from 50 kDa to 66 kDa showed high IgE-affinity, the protein at 50 kDa reaching the strongest signals in all patients. Proteomic analyses allowed the classification of several fenugreek proteins to a number of allergen families. Fenugreek 7S-vicilin and 11S-legumin were partly sequenced and revealed considerable homologies to peanut Ara h 1 and Ara h 3, respectively. The presence of a fenugreek 2S albumin and pathogenesis-related (PR-10) plant pollen protein was assumed by database searching results.ConclusionIn this study, individual fenugreek proteins were characterised for the first time. Observed homologies to major peanut allergens provide a molecular explanation for clinical cross-reactivity.