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1.
Mainly cyanobacteria, but also algae and fungi, were identified on the Jesuit missions San Ignacio Miní, Loreto, Santa María and Santa Ana, in NE Argentina. Many organisms were deeply pigmented, indicative of stressful conditions. San Ignacio samples of itacurú rock showed higher colonization and biodiversity, related to higher porosity allowing entry of water and nutrients. Sandstone from other locations was arenitous, containing 95% silicates. Physicochemical analyses suggested mobilization of ions, particularly Fe, from within the stone to the surface. This intense deteriorating colonization, together with climatic weathering, transforms the sandstone to a “protosoil,” for growth of bryophytes and higher plants.  相似文献   

2.
On the surfaces of monuments and buildings, organic and inorganic pollutants accumulate, as well as various microbial communities which contribute to stone decay. In order to control these organisms, we have tested some chemical products with biocide and water-repellent properties. Some of these products were tested in an agar diffusion test and on limestone slabs. Efficacy of the products and the microbial inhibition were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) techniques. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

3.
太行山片麻岩区栓皮栎外生菌根真菌多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以太行山片麻岩区栓皮栎Quercus variabilis为研究对象,利用形态学、常规测序与Illumina MiSeq高通量测序相结合的方法,调查并鉴定了与其共生的外生菌根真菌。最终共划分出18种栓皮栎外生菌根形态类型。高通量测序得到394个外生菌根真菌OTUs(operational taxonomic units),隶属于11目23科30属。其中栓皮栎外生菌根核心菌群(core microbiome)共9属17个OTUs,总相对多度达65.16%。样地1与样地2中样本的多样性指数无明显差异,但非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明核心菌群在2个样地中的分布不同,其中红菇属Russula、牛肝菌属Boletus、粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus、硬皮地星属Astraeus主要分布于位于阳坡的样地1,而空团菌属Cenococcum、小球孢盘菌属Sphaerosporella、锁瑚菌属Clavulina、丝盖伞属Inocybe主要分布于位于阴坡的样地2,毛革菌属Tomentella在两个样地的分布相似。  相似文献   

4.
以湖南省林业科学院龙伏试验基地3年生常规方法培养的马尾松苗Pinus massoniana(以下简称常规苗)和3年生马尾松根生产(root production method,RPM)苗根、根际土为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术研究其根系及根际土壤外生菌根真菌(ectomycorrhizal fun...  相似文献   

5.
    
Two limestones from Crete, Greece and a dolomite from Mansfield, UK were subjected to combined microbial and physical weathering simulation cycles, in an attempt to assess the contribution of each agent of decay. Sound stone discs were exposed to different temperature and wet/dry cycling regimes involving treatment with distilled water or solutions of sodium chloride or sodium sulphate. Before the weathering cycles, half of the discs were inoculated with mixed microbial populations (MMP), originally recovered from decayed building stone of Portchester Castle, Hampshire, UK. The presence of MMP greatly accelerated the rates of deterioration of stone of all treatments, measured by weight change and alteration of hydraulic properties of stone. A combination of physical and biological processes significantly enhanced the extent of decay when compared with the physical or biological agents acting alone. Populations of heterotrophic, sulphur-utilising, halotolerant and moderately halophilic bacterial populations remained large throughout the experiment. Biofilms formed by populations of microorganisms were visualised by staining and assessed by colorimetric measurement of total carbohydrate in the stone substrate. The relative contribution of microbial and physical weathering to the process is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
Daniela Pinna 《Aerobiologia》1993,9(2-3):157-167
Summary Extensive, uniform, yellow-brown films are observed on many monuments. The origin of these films, composed predominantly of calcium oxalate, has been investigated by several authors. Oxalate film formation may be related, in some cases, to the activity of such microorganisms as fungi, which presumably form oxalic acid via the metabolic transformation of organic substances already present on the stone. The present work provides an overview of the physiological factors affecting oxalate synthesis by fungi and of oxalic acid in fungi metabolism.  相似文献   

7.
    
In this study, the roots and rhizosphere soil of Abies koreana and Taxus cuspidata were collected from sites at two different altitudes on Mt. Halla. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) were identified by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The proportion of EMF from the roots was 89% in A. koreana and 69% in T. cuspidata. Among EMF in rhizosphere soils, the genus Russula was the most abundant in roots of A. koreana (p < 0.05). The altitude did not affect the biodiversity of EMF communities but influenced fungal community composition. However, the host plants had the most significant effect on EMF communities. The result of the EMF community analysis showed that even if the EMF were isolated from the same altitudes, the EMF communities differed according to the host plant. The community similarity index of EMF in the roots of A. koreana was higher than that of T. cuspidata (p < 0.05). The results show that both altitude and host plants influenced the structure of EMF communities. Conifers inhabiting harsh sub-alpine environments rely strongly on symbiotic relationships with EMF. A. koreana is an endangered species with a higher host specificity of EMF and climate change vulnerability than T. cuspidata. This study provides insights into the EMF communities, which are symbionts of A. koreana, and our critical findings may be used to restore A. koreana.  相似文献   

8.
红花尔基不同龄级天然樟子松外生菌根真菌群落结构特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵敏  郝龙飞  张敏  滕鹤  闫海霞  白淑兰 《菌物学报》2019,38(9):1420-1429
红花尔基被誉为樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica的故乡,樟子松是我国北方主要的造林树种之一,也是典型的菌根依赖型树种。研究樟子松根围外生菌根真菌(ectomycorrhizal fungi,ECMF)群落结构特征对红花尔基沙地樟子松生态系统的保护具有重要意义。本研究以红花尔基天然樟子松根围土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术研究了4个龄级(<10、11-20、21-30和31-40年,分别称作Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ龄级)天然樟子松根围土壤ECMF群落结构特征。结果表明:(1)测序共获得87 516条ECMF序列,划分为177个OTUs(operational taxonomic units,OTU),隶属于2个门,4个纲,12个目,26个科,43个属。(2)Ⅳ龄级中Ace丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于Ⅰ龄级(P<0.05)。(3)不同龄级根围ECMF优势属占比不同,Ⅰ龄级中占比最大的为Inocybe(42.55%);Ⅱ和Ⅲ龄级中占比最大的均为Tricholoma,分别为31.64%和27.69%;Ⅳ龄级中占比最大的为Cortinarius(28.80%)。(4)冗余分析表明,土壤pH值对ECMF的影响程度最大,其次为速效钾和碱解氮;同时,不同理化因子对群落中优势属的影响也存在差异。  相似文献   

9.
    
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in both soil and roots were examined in May (summer) and December (winter) under a 4-y drought experiment in a Chinese subtropical secondary forest. Drought significantly decreased AM fungal extra-radical hyphal density, spore density, and root colonization rate in both seasons. These AM parameters were significantly higher in summer than in winter in the control treatment, but only AM fungal extra-radical hyphal density exhibited the same seasonal trend in the drought treatment. In total, 45 AM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level using Illumina sequencing of 18S rDNA. Drought and season had no significant effects on AM fungal OTU richness in soil and roots. AM fungal community composition in soil and roots was significantly affected by season but not by drought. This finding enhances our understanding of the response of AM fungi to global climate change in subtropical forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

10.
采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术研究了内蒙古大青山干旱阳坡灌木铁线莲(Clematis fruticosa)根围丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落的季节动态,并利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)和Mantel test分析了土壤和植被因子与AMF之间的关系,为进一步探索灌木铁线莲-AMF共生体对不同季节环境变化的响应提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)灌木铁线莲根围AMF孢子密度不存在显著的季节性差异,根系侵染率和丛枝丰度从春季至秋季呈下降趋势。(2)3个季节共检测出163个AMF OTUs(operational taxonomic units),春季、夏季、秋季分别为116OTUs、76OTUs和70OTUs。(3)夏季和秋季的AMF丰富度(实测OTUs数和Chao1指数)以及多样性(Shannon-Wiener指数和Invsimpson指数)显著低于春季,但夏、秋季间无显著异。(4)主成分分析和PERMANOVA分析表明,夏季和秋季的AMF群落组成与春季存在显著差异,而AMF群落组成在夏季与秋季间差异不显著。(5)RDA分析表明,采样季节、植被盖度、植物多样性、土壤含水量和土壤有机质对AMF ShannonWiener指数、Invsimpson指数、Chao1指数和实测OTUs数均产生显著影响;Mantel test分析发现,采样季节是影响AMF群落组成和菌根侵染率的主导因子,但对孢子密度无显著影响,而土壤有机质是影响孢子密度的主导因子。  相似文献   

11.
In this study rock surfaces of archaeological sites in Antalya were investigated with a focus on black fungi for the first time. Black, meristematic fungi were isolated from surfaces of antique marble monuments in Antalya (Side, Perge, Termessos). Their morphology was characterized, their diversity was documented and the taxonomy and phylogeny of new isolates was clarified based on molecular methods, that is, by sequencing parts of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. From a total of around 250 samples 99 different fungal strains were isolated. In most of 99 strains the rDNA sequencing data and the lack of homologies in “Genbank” gave strong evidence that these strains have to be described as new species/subspecies and/or genera. All of them, however, clustered within the ascomycete orders of Dothideales, Chaetothyriales, and Pleosporales. Field studies show that these organisms cause color changes, black spots, crater shaped lesions as well as chipping and exfoliation of the rock surfaces in Antalya and thus they have to be regarded as a serious threat to the antique cultural heritage in Turkey.  相似文献   

12.
Summary The origin of calcium oxalate films on stone monuments is investigated and discussed in relation to atmosphere-polluting microorganisms that, under certain conditions, can produce oxalic acid. A list of the fungi microorganisms that are presumably involved in the formation of oxalate films is reported.  相似文献   

13.
    
Neonatal jaundice is a common disease that affects up to 60% of newborns. Herein, we performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in neonatal jaundice and non-neonatal jaundice infants (NJIs) and identified gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment. We prospectively collected 232 fecal samples from 51 infants at five time points (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Finally, 114 samples from 6 NJIs and 19 non-NJI completed MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We characterized the gut microbiome and identified microbial differences and gene functions. Meconium microbial diversity from NJI was decreased compared with that from non-NJI. The genus Gemella was decreased in NJI versus non-NJI. Eleven predicted microbial functions, including fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase III and pyruvate carboxylase subunit B, decreased, while three functions, including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, increased in NJI. After treatments, the microbial community presented significant alteration-based β diversity. The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were increased, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were decreased. Microbial alterations were also analyzed between 6 recovered NJI and 19 non-NJI. The gut microbiota was unique in the meconium microbiome from NJI, implying that early gut microbiome intervention could be promising for the management of neonatal jaundice. Alterations of gut microbiota from NJI can be of great value to bolster evidence-based prevention against ‘bacterial dysbiosis’.  相似文献   

14.
【目的】以甘肃省河西走廊地区的9个盐碱土壤样品(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土、农田土)为材料,研究该地区盐碱土壤中微生物群落的多样性。【方法】提取土壤微生物总DNA,应用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术进行分析。【结果】从分布在河西走廊3个流域的9个盐碱土样品中共获得325 089条微生物的16S r RNA基因序列。冗余分析和热图分析表明,原生盐碱土与次生盐碱土、原生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落构成差异较大,次生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落差异较小。土壤p H对微生物群落组成的影响最显著。多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析得出,在9个土壤样品中,S6号Shannon指数最大,S1号Shannon指数最小,S1号Simpson指数最大,S6号Simpson指数最小,说明原生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最低,次生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最高。盐碱土壤中主要的微生物群落包括9个门,其中变形菌门占主导地位,其余依次是放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。原生盐碱土和农田土中占优势的微生物群落是变形菌门,次生盐碱土中占优势的微生物群落是放线菌门。【结论】河西走廊地区盐碱土壤中微生物多样性非常丰富,存在大量的微生物类群,尤其是在次生盐碱土壤中。  相似文献   

15.
    
Whole genome sequencing of bacterial isolates has become a daily task in many laboratories, generating incredible amounts of data. However, data acquisition is not an end in itself; the goal is to acquire high‐quality data useful for understanding genetic relationships. Having a method that could rapidly determine which of the many available run metrics are the most important indicators of overall run quality and having a way to monitor these during a given sequencing run would be extremely helpful to this effect. Therefore, we compared various run metrics across 486 MiSeq runs, from five different machines. By performing a statistical analysis using principal components analysis and a K‐means clustering algorithm of the metrics, we were able to validate metric comparisons among instruments, allowing for the development of a predictive algorithm, which permits one to observe whether a given MiSeq run has performed adequately. This algorithm is available in an Excel spreadsheet: that is, MiSeq Instrument & Run (In‐Run) Forecast. Our tool can help verify that the quantity/quality of the generated sequencing data consistently meets or exceeds recommended manufacturer expectations. Patterns of deviation from those expectations can be used to assess potential run problems and plan preventative maintenance, which can save valuable time and funding resources.  相似文献   

16.
基于MiSeq测序分析新疆泥火山土壤细菌群落多样性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
杨娟  郝志成  张亚平 《微生物学通报》2016,43(12):2609-2618
【目的】以新疆乌苏泥火山土壤为研究对象,了解泥火山细菌群落结构及其时空动态变化。【方法】选择泥火山4种不同生境土壤在4、7、11月份采样,应用Illumina Mi Seq测序技术测定泥火山土壤细菌的16S r RNA基因V3–V4变异区序列,分析乌苏泥火山不同生境土壤细菌群落组成。【结果】泥火山土壤细菌在97%的相似水平下共得到OTU个数为29 005,在细菌门水平上共有38种细菌类群,Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes为优势菌群,在属水平上共有72种细菌类群,其中含量最高的是未分类细菌;多样性分析表明生境D的丰度指数和多样性指数最高,将泥火山细菌群落多样性与理化因子结合分析,发现其多样性随着土壤养分的增加而基本降低,说明物种多样性指数与理化因子之间呈负相关关系;OTU水平的分析表明生境A的群落组成在时空动态上没有显著差异,其样品群落组成较为相似,而生境C的物种组成差异较大。【结论】相比较于传统方法,Mi Seq测序能够更全面解析环境样品中微生物多样性,揭示了乌苏泥火山群蕴含着丰富的微生物资源,这将为深入研究泥火山生态系统奠定基础,为合理利用和开发泥火山微生物资源提供指导。  相似文献   

17.
羊肚菌白霉病发生对土壤真菌群落结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】了解羊肚菌白霉病发生对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。【方法】采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,对未栽培羊肚菌土壤、正常生长羊肚菌和染白霉病羊肚菌根际土真菌群落结构进行研究。【结果】9个样品共得到393 347条有效序列。未栽培羊肚菌土壤真菌多样性指数和丰度显著大于羊肚菌根际土,染病羊肚菌根际真菌丰度和多样性大于正常生长的羊肚菌,各样品的群落组成和优势类群有较大差异。【结论】羊肚菌栽培后真菌多样性降低,白霉病发生后根际真菌种类增多,土壤真菌群落结构发生变化,优势真菌类群也产生了较大变化。  相似文献   

18.
叶际真菌在影响植物健康和促进生物地球化学循环等方面发挥着重要作用。然而, 目前还缺乏北京城市绿化树木叶际表生真菌多样性与群落组成的研究。本研究以北京常见的绿化树木油松(Pinus tabuliformis)与大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)为研究对象, 对市中心向北的4个采样点(安定门地区、和平街地区、亚运村地区和北七家地区), 及4个月份(一月、四月、七月和十一月)的树木叶际表生真菌通过高通量测序技术进行多样性及群落组成研究。结果表明, 油松与大叶黄杨分别得到2,051和1,970个扩增子变异特征序列(ASVs), 其中座囊菌纲、锤舌菌纲和银耳纲是优势菌纲。不同地点间, 叶际表生真菌的α多样性指数由市中心向北呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势; 4个月份间, 油松的α多样性指数存在差异, 大叶黄杨则均为十一月最高。NMDS分析表明两种常绿树木间叶际表生真菌群落组成存在显著差异(ANOSIM, P = 0.001)。线性判别分析表明, 油松的差异指示属为短柄霉属(Aureobasidium)拟盾壳霉属(Paraconiothyrium)圆盘菌属(Orbilia)等7属, 大叶黄杨为白粉菌属(Erysiphe)链格孢属(Alternaria)黑孢霉属(Nigrospora)等7属。回归分析表明, 平均降水与油松叶际表生真菌丰富度呈显著正相关关系, 与大叶黄杨叶际表生真菌丰富度呈显著负相关。通过网络分析将油松中的空泡茎点霉属(Vacuiphoma)和大叶黄杨中的空泡茎点霉属(Vacuiphoma)、木拉克属(Mrakia)、弯孢属(Curvularia)、白粉菌属(Erysiphe)确定为核心节点菌属。真菌群落功能预测得出腐生功能类群和病理功能类群分别是油松和大叶黄杨叶际表生真菌的主要类群。深入研究绿化树木的叶际表生真菌多样性及其作用有助于在未来城市绿化管理中更科学地发挥叶际表生真菌的生态功能。  相似文献   

19.
目的 对襄阳地区青年人肠道菌群多样性进行研究。方法 选取湖北襄阳地区6名健康青年人的粪便样品作为研究对象,采用MiSeq高通量测序技术以16S rRNA为靶点,对其肠道菌群构成进行研究。结果 6名青年人肠道中发现了13个优势核心属,其相对含量累计为70.72%,发现10个相对含量大于1.0%的分类操作单元,累计相对含量为28.43%。结论 6名襄阳青年志愿者肠道微生物共有大量的核心菌群。  相似文献   

20.
【背景】高通量测序技术已经广泛应用于环境微生物研究的各个领域。不同原理的测序平台以及众多生物公司的出现为各个科研团队提供了各具特色的测序技术支持,在满足了不同研究需要的同时,也产生了多种多样的测序数据。这些基于不同测序平台,以及同一测序平台下不同测序公司所产生的数据之间是否具有通用性,一直以来都是广大科研学者所关注的。【目的】探究同一样品在基于MiSeq测序平台下,不同测序环境以及不同测序深度对实验数据的影响,并进一步探究造成差异的原因,以及这些差异对实验结果的影响。【方法】从鄱阳湖松门山、南矶山、饶河、白沙洲采集底泥沉积物样品,分别在2个公司进行不同测序深度16SrRNA基因V3-V4区高通量测序,并比较分析2组测序数据。【结果】2组数据反映的微生物群落结构在实验样地间的分布规律具有高度的相似性,但稀有微生物的差异导致他们在PCoA以及聚类分析中被分为两簇。关系网络关联分析发现具有较高测序深度的B组数据反映了更为复杂的微生物间相互作用,部分稀有微生物如Deferribacteres(脱铁杆菌门)、Lentisphaerae (黏胶球形菌门)等在群落中发挥着重要的作用。METAGENassist功能预测发现了他们在Atrazine metabolism、Chitin degradation、Sulfate reducer、Nitrogen fixation等14类功能上存在差异。【结论】不同的测序环境对实验数据造成的影响可以通过数据质控过程减弱甚至排除,而测序深度的不同则会对测序数据产生显著影响。这种影响主要体现在较深的测序深度会显著增加稀有微生物的丰富度,进而有利于增强我们对环境微生物群落整体功能的认识。  相似文献   

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