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郑殿升 《植物遗传资源学报》2001,2(3):49-55
中国在1950~2000年期间,小麦生产上年种植面积超66.7万hm2的品种共53个.对这53个品种的分析结果表明,有6个原产国外,本国的品种主要是河南、山东、四川、陕西、河北等省市的;除2个地方品种外,其它品种的亲本间都是地理远缘的或有地理远缘血统的;随年代的推移,品种的数量逐渐增多,而最大年种植面积和单个品种种植地区逐渐减少,这些变化是我国小麦育种水平提高的结果. 相似文献
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水稻国外引种的探讨和建议 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
自1949年以来,中国共引进国外普通栽培稻品种(系)23890份和野生稻种质资源2201份,这些资源中许多已被直接或间接用于生产或育种.其中,年种植面积超过6.67万公顷的品种23个,年种植面积0.667~6.67万公顷的品种75个;直接利用于杂交水稻的国外恢复系或利用国外强恢复源培育的恢复系,已占我国恢复系总数的95.7%;众多国外品种成为我国高产、优质和多抗育种的骨干亲本.因此,加强国外水稻资源的引入、评价和利用,对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库和增加遗传多样性意义重大,也是应对各国激烈争夺生物资源的战略决策.本文根据水稻国外引种出现的新情况,重点阐述了我国的引种规律、引种地区和强化引种的建议. 相似文献
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中国食用向日葵育种近40年来取得了巨大成就,实现了从自留农家种、选育常规品种、引进国外杂交种以及培育国产杂交种4 次品种更新。中国向日葵种植面积基本保持在59万hm2左右,种植区主要集中在北方10个省区,其中内蒙古自治区种植面积约占全国总面积的四分之三,其次是新疆。中国以食用向日葵种植为主,约占总面积的95%以上,是世界上食用向日葵主要生产国。食用向日葵主要用于休闲嗑食,除高产外,商品外观品质(粒型、色泽、口感等)仍将是当今主要育种目标。另外,向日葵生产区因长期连作种植,病原菌、列当等生物逆境因素与向日葵发生协同进化,加之食用向日葵遗传背景狭窄,病虫草害日趋严重。该文通过对中国食用向日葵育种历程进行回顾,尤其对国内外有关向日葵抗病育种研究进展进行综述,为解析食用向日葵抗性育种机制以及前瞻性抗性品种储备提供重要的理论与技术支持,以推动食用向日葵产业的高效优质发展。 相似文献
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不同品种黑莓鲜果营养成分的比较 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15
对5个黑莓(Rubusspp.)新品种鲜果的营养成分进行了比较分析。结果显示,5个品种黑莓鲜果的糖酸比较低,为3.11~6.18,风味偏酸。VC含量较高,达0.064~0.566 mg.g-1;VE含量为0.013~0.049 mg.g-1,品种间差异较大,以品种‘Triple Crown’的VE含量最高。矿质元素含量较高,其中品种‘Boysen’的Se含量最高,是其他品种的6~13倍;品种‘Young’的K、Ca、Zn和Fe含量都较高。黑莓鲜果含有8种人体必需氨基酸,不同品种黑莓鲜果的总氨基酸含量差异较大,其中品种‘Brazos’的总氨基酸含量最高,可达15.21 mg.g-1。 相似文献
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昆士兰州Queensland位于澳大利亚东部,柑桔种植面积3000公顷.1988年产量8.5万吨,价值约6千万澳元.产量中80%为鲜果供应市场(70%出口),余下供加工用.该州三分之二的柑桔面积是在Burnett河沿岸的Gayudah和Mandubbera.年均气温25.5℃, 相似文献
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目的:通过对甘肃省款冬资源分布及变化情况进行调查,制定款冬资源的利用和保护策略。方法:通过走访调查款冬野生资源分布区域、蕴藏量、采挖量及人工种植面积、产量、交易量、市场价格等。结果:甘肃省款冬资源丰富,野生款冬年蕴藏量约300~500 t,采挖做药用约占蕴藏量的10%。人工种植2020年全省款冬种植面积约1600 hm2,年产量约1300 t,种植面积受价格下跌影响呈下降趋势。结论:加强款冬野生资源的保护,开展款冬生产的创新研究,对于甘肃省款冬产业可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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对INGER水稻种质的遗传评价和利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国自1981年起参加了国际水稻遗传评价(INGER)的合作研究.20年来已引入INGER提供的1.8万余份各国水稻种质,经全国14点的多年综合评价,从中直接命名推广了35个品种,作恢复系(源)组配了28个杂交水稻新组合,筛选出一大批高产、优质、多抗、耐逆、广亲和等材料,并作为亲本利用于全国各育种项目.据不完全统计,INGER种质在中国的种植面积累计约1450万hm2,增产稻谷544万t,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益.遗传背景多样化的INGER水稻种质不仅提高了我国的水稻育种水平,而且丰富了我国的稻种资源宝库. 相似文献
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大豆转基因育种及产业化发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
转基因技术是现代生物技术研究的热点之一,转基因作物种植已经成为全球普及最为迅速的生物技术.转基因大豆是目前种植区域最广、种植面积最大的转基因作物,已成为世界大豆主产国大豆产业发展的主要动力.中国的大豆产量居世界第四位,但转基因大豆育种的研究尚处于起步阶段,在转基因大豆产业化发展方面潜力巨大.我国应该充分利用现代生物技术的成果,借鉴国外转基因大豆的发展经验,立足本国实际,在农业转基因生物安全管理相关法律法规下,建立和健全我国转基因大豆育种及其产业化发展体系,大力发展转基因大豆,提升我国大豆产业的市场竞争力.本文概述了我国转基因大豆的研究现状以及国际转基因大豆的研发趋势,分析了我国转基因大豆发展所面临的挑战并提出了应对策略. 相似文献
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黑莓鲜果及其加工品的营养成分 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文首次报道了黑莓引入南京后其果实和加工品的营养成分。结果表明:黑莓鲜果富含V_E,还含有较高的钾、锌、铁、硒等矿质元素以及γ-氨基丁酸。其加工品也都不同程度地保持了黑莓的营养特点。黑莓汁饮料和黑莓果酱值得大力开发。 相似文献
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Blackberry mutants were induced by the irradiation of blackberry shoots with 5 kilo radians of cobalt (60Co) gamma irradiation. Seven mutant plants demonstrating improved plant growth properties were selected for evaluation of
the fruit quality characteristics, such as size, shape, color, firmness, soluble solids content, juice acidity, nutritive
value (e.g. ascorbic acid) and overall fruit flavor. The organoleptic properties, including texture, firmness, flavor, sweetness, acidity,
color, and overall fruit flavor, were evaluated by a consumer panel. The results indicated that irradiation induced changes
in some of the quality parameters of blackberry fruits, as well as increased the fruit shelf-life. 相似文献
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Blackberry fruits symptomatic for gray mold were collected from three commercial blackberry fields in northwestern South Carolina. Single-spore isolates were generated and two distinct phenotypes were discovered in each location; one sporulated on PDA and one did not. One isolate of each phenotype and location (six isolates total) were selected for in depth molecular and morphological characterization. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) coding sequence alignment revealed Botrytis cinerea as the sporulating phenotype and a new yet undescribed species as the non-sporulating phenotype. The new Botrytis sp., described herein as Botrytis caroliniana, was most closely related genetically to B. fabiopsis and B. galanthina, the causal agents of gray mold disease of broad bean and snowdrop, respectively. It produces smaller conidia than either B. fabiopsis or B. galanthina, and sequence analysis of genes encoding necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins (NEPs) also indicated that the Botrytis isolates represent a separate and distinct species. The new species is pathogenic on blackberry fruits and broad bean leaves, which distinguishes it further from B. galanthina. The new species formed white to pale gray colonies with short, tufted aerial mycelium and produced black sclerotia on PDA at 20 C. To our knowledge this is only the third Botrytis species discovered to cause disease on blackberry in the United States. 相似文献
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Asparagus bean, one of the three subspecies of Vigna unguiculata, has a long cultivation history in China. The genetic diversity was analyzed based on the 66 landraces and cultivars cultivated in China by using ISSR molecular markers, with which 192 amplification loci were obtained 32.3% of them being polymorphic. The genetic differentiation analysis revealed a very high genetic diversity in the Chinese landraces, which confirmed that China is the secondary origin centre of the asparagus bean. The commercial cultivars bred in China were genetically highly homogenous, suggesting that the breeding process has resulted in disappearance of some of the genetic variation. A cluster analysis at 0.17 of Nei genetic distance divided the 66 landraces and cultivars into 9 groups. Their clustering pattern basically matches the phylogeny of those cultivars, and also corresponds to their geographical origin and morphological traits. 相似文献
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P. Castro E. T. Stafne J. R. Clark K. S. Lewers 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2013,126(10):2521-2532
Blackberry primocane fruiting, fruiting on first-year canes, has the potential to expand blackberry production both seasonally and geographically. The incorporation of the primocane-fruiting trait into cultivars with desirable horticultural attributes is challenging due to its recessive nature and tetrasomic inheritance. Molecular marker-assisted selection has high potential to facilitate incorporation, because breeders already use morphological marker-assisted selection of seedlings without marginal cotyledonary hairs to identify progeny that will be thornless when mature. The development of a genetic linkage map with these two traits is the first step to utilizing molecular markers in breeding for thornless primocane-fruiting blackberry cultivars. A full-sib family segregating for thornlessness and primocane fruiting, from a cross between ‘APF-12’ and ‘Arapaho’, was used to construct the first genetic map of tetraploid blackberry. Segregation patterns of several dominant markers and the two phenotypic traits fit those expected uniquely with tetrasomic inheritance (e.g., 5:1, 11:1 and 35:1). Some loci showed significant double reduction frequencies, but genotypes that could have originated only from double reduction were not found. The map consists of seven linkage groups (LG) in each parent, consistent with the basic number of chromosomes (2n = 4x = 28). Naming of LG1-LG6 followed that of the recently revised system for raspberry using SSR markers in common between blackberry and raspberry, and LG7 was tentatively defined by default. The loci controlling primocane fruiting and thornlessness were not linked to each other; thornless/thorny, the S Locus, was mapped on LG4, and the primocane-/floricane-fruiting locus, named in this work the F Locus, on LG7. 相似文献
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Kim S Lewers Chris A Saski Brandon J Cuthbertson David C Henry Meg E Staton Dorrie S Main Anik L Dhanaraj Lisa J Rowland Jeff P Tomkins 《BMC plant biology》2008,8(1):1-8
Background
The recent development of novel repeat-fruiting types of blackberry (Rubus L.) cultivars, combined with a long history of morphological marker-assisted selection for thornlessness by blackberry breeders, has given rise to increased interest in using molecular markers to facilitate blackberry breeding. Yet no genetic maps, molecular markers, or even sequences exist specifically for cultivated blackberry. The purpose of this study is to begin development of these tools by generating and annotating the first blackberry expressed sequence tag (EST) library, designing primers from the ESTs to amplify regions containing simple sequence repeats (SSR), and testing the usefulness of a subset of the EST-SSRs with two blackberry cultivars.Results
A cDNA library of 18,432 clones was generated from expanding leaf tissue of the cultivar Merton Thornless, a progenitor of many thornless commercial cultivars. Among the most abundantly expressed of the 3,000 genes annotated were those involved with energy, cell structure, and defense. From individual sequences containing SSRs, 673 primer pairs were designed. Of a randomly chosen set of 33 primer pairs tested with two blackberry cultivars, 10 detected an average of 1.9 polymorphic PCR products.Conclusion
This rate predicts that this library may yield as many as 940 SSR primer pairs detecting 1,786 polymorphisms. This may be sufficient to generate a genetic map that can be used to associate molecular markers with phenotypic traits, making possible molecular marker-assisted breeding to compliment existing morphological marker-assisted breeding in blackberry. 相似文献19.
Naturally occurring wild relatives of temperate fruits in Western Himalayan region of India: an analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wild relatives (WR) of temperate fruits belonging to genera viz., Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Vitis, Rubus, Fragaria and others showed a wide range of diversity thereby possibility of utilizing large numbers of desirable genes/traits particularly
the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses which is generally lacking in their cultivated allies. About 55 WR of 23 temperate
fruits, occurring in WH, including those naturalized, are discussed. Wild forms of crops such as Asiatic pear, apricot, Japanese
plum, peach, walnut and pomegranate, blackberry, black and redcurrant existing in WH are also narrated. Wild relatives, their
area of distribution, important traits, utilization potential and possible strategies for their effective conservation and
utilization have been discussed. 相似文献