结核杆菌eis基因的克隆及其在耻垢分枝杆菌中的表达

目的:构建结核分枝杆菌eis基因的穿梭表达载体,鉴定其在重组耻垢分枝杆菌中的生物活性。方法:采用PCR技术克隆结核分枝杆菌eis基因,构建大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭表达载体pMV-eis,经酶切和测序鉴定其正确性,用电穿孔法将重组质粒转化至耻垢分枝杆菌mc²155中,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测eis基因在耻垢分枝杆菌中的表达。结果:成功构建结核杆菌eis基因穿梭表达载体pMV-eis;生长曲线说明重组质粒不会影响耻垢分枝杆菌的体外生长;SDS-PAGE 和Western blot检测证实eis在耻垢分枝杆菌中可表达出相对分子量约42kDa的Eis蛋白。结论:成功构建了eis基因穿梭表达质粒pMV-eis,且该重组质粒在耻垢分枝杆菌中具有生物活性,为下一步研究表达产物Eis的功能奠定了一定基础。     

Conjugative transfer of a shuttle plasmid for Escherichia coli to Mycobacterium smegmatis

Plasmid DNAs were introduced by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis PB1424 as an alternative to competent-cell or protoplast transformation. The maximum electroporation efficiency was 10(4) transformants/microgram DNA. Parameters including growth phase of cells, ionic strength of the suspending medium, concentration and size of plasmid DNAs, amplitude and duration of the pulse, were evaluated in order to determine conditions that improved transformation efficiency.     

Characterization of the mIHF Gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Integration of mycobacteriophage L5 requires the mycobacterial integration host factor (mIHF) in vitro. mIHF is a 105-residue heat-stable polypeptide that is not obviously related to HU or any other small DNA-binding proteins. mIHF is most abundant just prior to entry into stationary phase and is essential for the viability of Mycobacterium smegmatis.     

乙内酰脲水解酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

节杆菌BT801的乙内酰脲酶系能够水解5-苄基乙内酰脲生成L-苯丙氨酸,其中乙内酰脲水解酶负责乙内酰脲的水解开环。乙内酰脲水解酶的表达对于乙内酰脲酶的催化机制研究及氨基酸的生物不对称合成都具有重要意义。通过PCR技术扩增得到乙内酰脲水解酶基因(hyuH),置于表达载体pT221的,17启动子下游,将构建的重组质粒引入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。SDS-PAGE分析在相对分子量50kD处有一较强的表达带,经薄层扫描分析目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的40％,主要以可溶性形式存在,活性分析表明表达产物具有天然的酶活性。     

用PCR方法定量检测多药抗性基因的表达

肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的抗性是癌症有效化疗的主要障碍。人类细胞中多药抗性基因(MDR1)编码一种p-糖蛋白,后者功能是能量依赖的跨膜药物外输泵,可降低细胞毒药物在胞内的积累。定量分析MDR1表达水平可说明病人抗药能力的高低。本文应用PCR技术建立了灵敏度高、专一性好、可定量检测临床标本中MDR1表达水平的方法。对周血标本的初步检测表明:白血病化疗效果与MDR1表达水平的高低有关。     

Expression and purification of immunologically reactive DPPD, a recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin test antigen, using Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli host cells

DPPD is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant antigen that elicits specific delayed type hypersensitivity reactions similar in size and morphological aspects to that elicited by purified protein derivative, in both guinea pigs and humans infected with M. tuberculosis. In addition, earlier clinical studies with DPPD suggested that this molecule could improve the specificity of the tuberculin skin test, which is used as an important aid for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, these studies could only be performed with DPPD engineered as a fusion molecule with another Mycobacterium spp. protein because no expression of DPPD could be achieved as a single molecule or as a conventional fusion protein in any commercial system. Although recombinant fusion proteins are in general suitable for several biological studies, they are by definition not ideal for studies involving highly purified and defined polypeptide sequences. Here, we report two alternative approaches for the expression of immunologically reactive recombinant genuine DPPD. The first approach used the rapidly growing, nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis as host cells transformed with the pSMT3 plasmid vector containing the full-length DPPD gene. The second approach used Escherichia coli transformed with the pET-17b plasmid vector containing the DPPD gene engineered in a three-copy fusion manner in tandem with itself. Though at low levels, expression and purification of immunologically reactive DPPD in M. smegmatis could be achieved. More abundant expression and purification of DPPD as a homo-trimer molecule was achieved in E. coli (> or =2 mg/L of bacterial broth cultures). Interestingly, expression could only be achieved in host cells transformed with the DPPD gene containing its leader peptide. However, the expressed proteins lacked the leader sequence, which indicates that processing of the M. tuberculosis DPPD gene was accurately achieved and necessary in both M. smegmatis and E. coli. More importantly, the delayed type hypersensitivity reactions elicited by purified molecules in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis were indistinguishable from that elicited by purified protein derivative. Because the DPPD gene is present only in the tuberculosis-complex organisms of the Mycobacterium genus, these highly purified molecules should be helpful in identifying individuals sensitized with tubercle bacilli.     

Functional complementation of the essential gene fabG1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Mycobacterium smegmatis fabG but not Escherichia coli fabG

Mycolic acids are a key component of the mycobacterial cell wall, providing structure and forming a major permeability barrier. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acids are synthesized by type I and type II fatty acid synthases. One of the enzymes of the type II system is encoded by fabG1. We demonstrate here that this gene can be deleted from the M. tuberculosis chromosome only when another functional copy is provided elsewhere, showing that under normal culture conditions fabG1 is essential. FabG1 activity can be replaced by the corresponding enzyme from the closely related species Mycobacterium smegmatis but not by the enzyme from Escherichia coli. M. tuberculosis carrying FabG from M. smegmatis showed no phenotypic changes, and both the mycolic acids and cell wall permeability were unchanged. Thus, M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis enzymes are interchangeable and do not control the lengths and types of mycolic acids synthesized.     

结核分枝杆菌esat6-rpfD融合基因的原核表达及产物纯化

目的：构建结核分枝杆菌融合基因esat6-rpfD的原核表达载体,表达和纯化ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。方法：从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组中经PCR分别扩增esat6和慢周基因,克隆入pMD19-T载体,测序后克隆入原核表达载体pProExHTB,酶切重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,亲和层析纯化融合蛋白。结果：PCR扩增的esat6、rpfD基因序列与GenBank报道一致;诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,在相对分子质量约30000处有目的条带,融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达。结论：构建了esat6-rpfD融合基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化得到ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。     

Effect of IS900 Gene of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis on Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is mycobactin dependent and contains multiple copies of the IS900 gene that encodes for p43 (46.5K protein). The correlation between the two characteristics has been investigated. A 3.2-kb BamHI fragment from M. paratuberculosis containing the 1.451 kb IS900 gene was cloned in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis with pcDNA II and pNEZ6.3 plasmids, respectively. Surprisingly, the recombinant M. smegmatis grew poorly and slower in 7H9 broth supplemented with OADC (12 day) compared with M. smegmatis wild type or to M. smegmatis transformed with pNEZ6.3 (2 day). The growth rate of the recombinant M. smegmatis was restored by the addition of 2.4 μM ferric mycobactin J to the media. There was no effect on the growth rate of E. coli recombinants. Western blot analysis with p43-specific anti-peptide antibodies resulted in the expression of 46.5K and a cleaved form of 33.5K protein bands in the recombinant E. coli. There was no expression in the recombinant M. smegmatis. A lower expression of 33.5K protein band was detected in the native M. paratuberculosis protein. The nucleotide sequence of the 3.2-kb fragment confirmed the presence of p43-encoded ORF. There was no additional encoding sequence in the fragment. This suggests that the IS900 gene and/or its encoding products are involved in mycobactin dependency and possibly the slow growth rate of M. paratuberculosis. Received: 12 May 1998 / Accepted: 6 July 1998     

人尿激酶原（pro－urokinase）基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

本文用ＰＣＲ方法对人工合成的尿激酶原。ＤＮＡ基因５’端进行改造,将之克隆到表达载体ｐＫＫ２３３－２中,转化大肠杆菌ＪＡ２２１,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,获得了占总菌体蛋白１５％的高表达。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ结果显示表达产物主要为单链尿激酶,并且在菌体内基本上以无活性的包含体形式存在。经体外交复性,从１升培养基中可获得３０００００单位的活性尿激酶原。     

Genetic Mapping of Cold Resistance Gene of Escherichia coli

Using cold resistant mutants, MET1 and MET2, obtained from Escherichia coli K-12, genetic mapping of the cold resistance gene(s) of E. coli was performed by the conjugation and transduction techniques. The gene(s) was confirmed to be located close to trpB at 28 min (revised chromosome linkage map, 1983) on the E. coli chromosome.     

转谷氨酰胺酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

从轮枝链霉菌Streptoverticilliummobaraense细胞中获得其基因组DNA ,用一对特异性的引物通过PCR的方法扩增出转谷氨酰胺酶 (transglutaminase,TGase)全长基因 ,回收片段并将其连接到表达载体pET30a中 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α。双向测序表明获得的转谷氨酰胺酶全长基因序列正确。纯化重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3) ,以 1mmol/LIPTG诱导 5h收集菌体进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析 ,与阴性对照相比 ,明显多出了一条蛋白条带 ,紫外扫描显示此带约占总蛋白量的1 7% ,Westernblotting证实此带能够特异性地与兔抗MTG(味之素公司 )的抗体发生反应。测得纯化后得到的TGase蛋白的酶活可以达到 15.1U/mg蛋白。     

人工合成人溶菌酶基因在大肠杆菌中表达

利用DNA重组技术生产自然界不能或难以得到的多肽产品用于医药、农业、食品工业等领域,目前在生物领域已有了很大的进展。近年来,科学工作者经体外合成人溶菌酶基因,经克隆、转化,在真核、原核细胞中获得表达^[1-3]。溶菌酶能水解革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁上的β-1,4糖苷键,在内部渗透压的作用下,细胞胀裂开[4,5]。它对有些革兰氏阴性菌,如埃希氏大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌,也有同样作用。因此此酶在食品,特别是在医药上具有重要意义。在这篇文章中,我们报道人工合成人溶酶的克隆和在 温控启动子P_RP_L调控下在大肠杆菌中的表达。     

ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白基因的克隆及其在耻垢分枝杆菌中的表达

目的:构建能表达ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌疫苗。方法:以结核杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,克隆cfp10基因,将其插入到pGEM-T-easy载体后与esat6基因连接,构建含有esat6和cfp10融合基因的重组载体pGEM-e6c10。酶切消化pGEM-e6c10重组质粒,将esat6-cfp10基因亚克隆到pDE22分泌表达穿梭载体,以电穿孔方法将重组质粒转化至耻垢分枝杆菌。PCR筛选到的阳性克隆经温度诱导后,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测表达蛋白的正确性。结果:可表达出相对分子质量约23000的ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白。Western印迹证明重组蛋白有较好的免疫原性。结论:获得能表达ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌,为结核病的预防奠定了一定的基础。     

Cloning and Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Dihydropteroate Synthase in Escherichia coli

The genes for dihydropteroate synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae were isolated by hybridization with probes amplified from the genomic DNA libraries. DNA sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 840 bp encoding a protein of 280 amino acids for M. tuberculosis dihydropteroate synthase and an open reading frame of 852 bp encoding a protein of 284 amino acids for M. leprae dihydropteroate synthase. The dihydropteroate synthases were expressed under control of the T5 promoter in a dihydropteroate synthase-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. Using three chromatography steps, we purified both M. tuberculosis and M. leprae dihydropteroate synthases to >98% homogeneity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed molecular masses of 29 kDa for M. tuberculosis dihydropteroate synthase and 30 kDa for M. leprae dihydropteroate synthase. Gel filtration of both enzymes showed a molecular mass of ca. 60 kDa, indicating that the native enzymes exist as dimers of two identical subunits. Steady-state kinetic parameters for dihydropteroate synthases from both M. tuberculosis and M. leprae were determined. Representative sulfonamides and dapsone were potent inhibitors of the mycobacterial dihydropteroate synthases, but the antimycobacterial agent p-aminosalicylate, a putative dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, was a poor inhibitor of the enzymes.     

牛凝乳酶原基因在大肠杆菌中表达调控的研究

Shine-Dalgarno序列与起始密码子之问的距离与组成对凝乳酶原基因表达有明显的影响,可导致其表达水平有15倍之差。SD序列至ATG之间为15bp不利于表达,表达质粒中sD-ATG在7-11bp之间都有可能获得高效表达;但决定因素不是简单的长度,而是RBS附近可能的二级结构即△G的大小、SD序列及ATG中参与配对的碱基数目。将pTLC23中凝乳酶原cDNA3＇端端非翻译区插入终止密码子TGA与转录终止子rrnBT₁T₂之间适当位置可提高凝乳酶原基因的表达,这可能是因为这段序列能形成由53个碱基对和8个碱基组成的稳定的mRNA二级结构,起到转录终止子的作用,而一般认为串联终止子对终止转录更为有效。     

Neuronal and Glial Expression of the Multidrug Resistance Gene Product in an Experimental Epilepsy Model

1. Failure of anticonvulsive drugs to prevent seizures is a common complication of epilepsy treatment known as drug-refractory epilepsy but their causes are not well understood. It is hypothesized that the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (Pgp-170), the product of the MDR-1 gene that is normally expressed in several excretory tissues including the blood brain barrier, may be participating in the refractory epilepsy. 2. Using two monoclonal antibodies against Pgp-170, we investigated the expression and cellular distribution of this protein in the rat brain during experimentally induced epilepsy. Repeated seizures were induced in male Wistar rats by daily administration of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MP) 45 mg/kg i.p. for either 4 days (MP-4) or 7 days (MP-7). Control rats received an equivalent volume of vehicle. One day after the last injection, rats were sacrificed and brains were processed for immunohistochemistry for Pgp-170. As it was previously described, Pgp-170 immunostaining was observed in some brain capillary endothelial cells of animals from control group. 3. Increased Pgp-170 immunoreactivity was detected in MP-treated animals. Besides the Pgp-170 expressed in blood vessels, neuronal, and glial immunostaining was detected in hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex of MP-treated rats. Pgp-170 immunolabeled neurons and glial cells were observed in a nonhomogeneous distribution. MP-4 animals presented a very prominent Pgp-170 immunostaining in the capillary endothelium, surrounding astrocytes and some neighboring neurons while MP-7 group showed increased neuronal labeling. 4. Our results demonstrate a selective increase in Pgp-170 immunoreactivity in the brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons during repetitive MP-induced seizures. 5. The role for this Pgp-170 overexpression in endothelium and astrocytes as a clearance mechanism in the refractory epilepsy, and the consequences of neuronal Pgp-170 expression remain to be disclosed.