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密叶杉属的核型分析及其系统位置的探讨 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
本文首次对特产澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛的Athrotaxis cupressoides和Athrotaxis selaginoides进行了核型分析,核型公式分别为2n=22=22m(2SAT)和2n=22=20(2SAT)+2sm,均属Stebbins的1B类型,它们的染色体相对长度组成为22=2L+10M2+8Ml+2S和22=2L十10M2+6Ml+4S,后者比前者较为进化。根据密叶杉属和杉科其他各属核型资料的比较分析,它们由原始到进步的顺序可能为:柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属,密叶杉属、杉木属和台湾杉属。 密叶属与红杉属、巨杉属和杉木属较为近缘。 这些在以染色体长度比和平均臂比为纵、横坐标的图上得到清楚反映。 根据核型资料,密叶杉属以隶于单型的亚科Arthrotaxoideae较为合适,这也得到形态学、胚胎学、孢粉学和地理学资料的支持。 本文还对前人系统中的密叶杉属位置进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文分析了我国特产树种云杉Picea asperata的核型,K(2n)=24=20m+4sm,属2A类型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=2L+12M_2+SM_1+2S。云杉属植物(22种、变种)的核型全由臂比小于2的中部和近中着丝粒染色体构成,是较为原始的核型。根据松科各属核型的比较,作者讨论了云杉属的亲缘关系和进化地位,并得到形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、植化学、生化学及古植物学等的支持。 相似文献
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川滇冷杉的核型分析兼论冷杉属的进化地位 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
本文分析了我国特产树种川滇冷杉Abies forrestii的核型,K(2n)=24=14 m+8 sin+2 st,属2B类型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=2 L+10 M_2+10 M_1+2 S。冷杉属植物(除川滇冷杉)的核型全由中部和近中着丝粒染色体组成,属2A类型(表2)。根据松科各属核型的比较,作者讨论了冷杉属的亲缘关系和进化地位,并得到形态学、解剖学、生化学、古植物学等的支持。 相似文献
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若干铁杉属植物核型的比较研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文首次报道了我国特产的重点保护植物南方铁杉的核型,全由中部和近中部着丝点染色体构成,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=24=20m+4sm,属“ 2A”类型。染色体的相对长度组成为2n=24=12M_2+10M_1+2S。通过比较。发现东亚的南方铁杉的核型与台湾铁杉甚为相似而略具进化的趋势,但北美东部的卡罗来纳铁杉的核型比它们进化得多。本文支持Florin认为铁杉属至少在早第三纪存在一条从欧亚大陆经过白令海峡到达北美洲的迁移路线的意见。 相似文献
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采用卡宝染色压片法对伞形花科5种主要蔬菜作物进行了核型分析和比较.结果表明:芹菜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+2sm+8st+6t,染色体核型为"3B"型;芫荽的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=2m+2sm+18st,染色体核型为"3A"型;茴香的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=14m+6sm+2st,染色体核型为"2B"型;水芹的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+6sm+10st,染色体核型为"3A"型;胡萝卜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=18=6m+10sm+2st,染色体核型为"2A"型.并对他们的亲缘关系、遗传多样性进行了探讨. 相似文献
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中国和邻近地区杉科特有植物的核型及其进化水平的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
中国和邻近地区杉科特有植物的核型类型,柳杉属、水松属、水杉属均为“1A”,杉木属、台湾杉属分别为“1B”和“2B”,它们的进化水平似依序递增并组成A-柳杉属——水松属——台湾杉属和L-水杉属——杉木属二条演化路线。该结果得到某些形态学性状和古植物学的支持,基本上适用于整个杉科。 相似文献
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The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in
Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows:
1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce
Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time.
The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity.
2. Polygonatum filipes Merr.
Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B.
The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them.
Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B.
Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V).
The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to
8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest
3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of
2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time.
3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua
Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B.
4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom.
The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time.
5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 相似文献
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Li Lin-Chu 《植物分类学报:英文版》1988,26(5):371-377
The present paper deals with the karyotypic analysis of Taxodium ascendens Brongn.
The somatic chromosomes in root-tip cells of the plant are found to be 2n =22, all with median
and submedian constrictions. A character of the karyotype is that the chromosome 10 has
a long kinetochore region (Plate 1:1). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.[18],
the karyotype formula is k(2n)=22=20m+2sm, which is different to Huang et Hsu’s[8]
K(2n)=24=22m+2B(m). The karyotype belongs to “lA” of Stebbins’[24] karyotypic symmetry
and is generally regarded as a relatively primitive one. The species’ chromosome complement
is 2n=22=2L+8M2+12M1 according to I.R.L.difined by Kuo et al.[15] based on relative length.
The lengths, arm ratios and types of chromosomes of the species are given in Table 1-I. The
morphology of the chromosomes and the karyotype, are given in Plate 1:1.
In the light of the works of Schlarbaum et al.[21] and Mehra et al.[17], K(2n)=22=20m
(2SAT)+2sm and 2n=22=2L+6M2+14M1 are for T. distichum (L.) Rich. (see Table 1-II),
K(2n)=20m+2sm and 2n=22=4L+4M2+12M1+2S for T. mucronatum Tenore (see Table
1-III, Plate 1:2), which belong to “lA” and “2A” respectively.
The differences between three species in the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosome,
I.R.L. and the proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio >2 show that the karyotype of T.
mucronatum is the most advanced and that of T. distichum the most primitive. The present
author suggests that the sequence of evolutionary advance be T. distichum, T. ascendens, T. mucronatum.
Based on the evidence from the karyotype analyses, ecology and geographical distribution
(including fossil), the secondary center of genetic diversity (Fig. 1) and the probable evolu-tionary pattern (Fig. 2) of Taxodium are discussed. 相似文献
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中国特有的八角莲和六角莲的核型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了八角莲Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng和六角莲Dysomapleiantha((Hance)Woodson的核型。二者的染色体数目均为2n=12,由四对具中部着丝点染色体、一对具近中部着丝点染色体和一对具端部着丝点染色体组成,各有一对染色体具有次缢痕,八角莲的次缢痕在第3对染色体的长臂上,六角莲的次缢痕在第1对染色体的短臂上。二者均属较对称的“2A”核型。但它们在染色体相对长度的变异幅度和差值、臂比的变异幅度和差值以及最长与最短染色体的比值上均有微小的差异。结果表明二者有密切的亲缘关系。演化趋势是八角莲→六角莲。八角莲的核型为首次报道。 相似文献
15.
对澳大利亚特产的Callitris属植物C.preissii,C.verrucosa,C.endlicheri(柏科)的核型进行了分析,后2种的为首次报道。它们的核型公式分别为K(2n)=22=22m(2SAT),22m(2SAT)和22m(6SAT),均属1A核型类型。染色体相对长度组成同是2n=22=10M_2+12M_1该3种及其他8种Calltris属植物一致的核型K(2n)=22m和1A类型的通常被认为是最对称和原始的。因此该属在柏科的系统发育上也许处于相当原始的地位。 相似文献
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江南油杉和台湾油杉核型的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正> 江南油杉(Keteleeria cyclolepis Flous)和台湾油杉(Keteleeria formcsana Hayata)均为松科(Pinaceae)油杉属的常绿乔木,我国的特产树种,前者分布于云南、贵州、广西、广东、湖南,江西等省区,后者分布于台湾。油杉属(keteleeria)的细胞学资料已有Sugihara和王伏雄分别报道过铁坚油杉(K.dayidiana Beissn.)和云南油杉(K. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in
Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes
in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the
species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows:
1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao
Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st
(2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’
(1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All
the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second
pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively.
2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I:
2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length
from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of
stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short
arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes
and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type
II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length
from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and
10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found.
3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc)
+ 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary
constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs.
4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc)
+12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary
constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair.
5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc)
+12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are
secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo
material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al.
(1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China. 相似文献
18.
Cytotaxonomically investigated in this work were 6 species in 4 genera of
Polygonateae (sensu Krause, 1930). Each species was karyotypically analysed using 5 somatic metaphase cells with well-spread chromosomes. The chromosome classification follows
Levan et al. (1964) and the karyotype classification is according to Stebbins (1971). The materials used are listed in the Appendix and the vouchers are deposited in PE. The chromosome
numbers and karyotypes of Disporum megalanthum and Disporopsis aspera are reported here
for the first time, and those of Chinese Maianthemum bifolium are also reported for the first
time. The results are shown as follows.
(1) Disporum Salisb. D. megalanthum Wang et Tang from tthe Wolong
Nature Reserve, Sichuan, is found to have a karyotype 2n=16=2m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT)+8st
(3SAT) (Plate I, A). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 1 and the idiogram
is shown in Fig. 1, A. The chromosomes range in length from 8.5 to 29.3 μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 3.45. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins' (1971) 3B. In a somatic
chromosome complement the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th pairs each have one chromosome carrying
a satellite, showing heterozygosity.
Another material from the Qinling Range, Shaanxi, is shown to have 2n=16=2m(1SAT)
+8sm(3SAT)+6st (Plate 1, B). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 1 and
the idiogram is presented in Fig. 1, B. The chromosomes range in length from 6.3 to
22.6μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.61, and thus the karyotype belongs to
3B. The karyotype shows clear heterozygosity (Fig. 1, B). The two chromosomes of the first
pair have arm ratios 2.38 and 1.82 respectively, but they are equal in length, 22.6 μm. It seems
to us that a pericentric inversion has taken place in one of the two chromosomes. Moreover,
the 3rd and 4th pairs each have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm.
These two materials are of the basically same karyotype, the major difference between
them being that the 3rd pair in the former consists of two st chromosomes with the arm ratio
3.15, while the corresponding pair in the other is of two m chromosomes with an arm ratio
1.67.
Seven East-Asian species of the genus Disporum are reported to have 2n=14, 16 and 18
(or 16+2B?), but 2n=16 is common to all the species, and therefore the basic number of the
group is x=8. For the North American group of the genus, however, 3 species (D. hookeri,
D. lanuginosum, D. oreganum) are of 2n=18, D. smithii is of 2n=16, and D. maculatum
2n=12. Chromosome numbers are more variable in the North American group, but x=9 seems
to be a dominant basic number. Even more striking difference in karyotype between the
two groups exists in size of chromosomes, 2.0-4.9μm.for the North American group, while 4.016.0 μm for the East-Asian counterpart (Therman, 1956) (Our result shows 6.3-22.6 μm and
8.5-29.3 μm for the two materials). This remarkable contrast in karyotype is clearly correlated with the differentiation in gross morphology. The East-Asian species have calcarate tepals
but no reticulate veins of leaves, whereas the North American ones have reticulate veins but
spurless tepals. The evidence from karyotype and morphology seems to justify the restoration
of the genus Prosartes for the Nortth American species (Conover, 1983, cf. Dahlgren et al.
1985).
(2) Disporopsis Hance D. pernyi (Hua) Diels from Mapien, Sichuan, is of
2n = 40 = 23m(2SAT)+13sm(2SAT) + 2st+ 2t(2SAT) (Plate 1, C). The parame-
ters of chromosomes are listed in Table 2, and the idiogram is shown in Fig. 2, A.
The chromosomes range in length 5.2-16.2μm, with the ratio of the longest to the
shortest 3.11, and thus the karyotype belongs to 2B.
D. aspera (Hua) Engl. ex Krause also from Mapien, Sichuan, is found to have
2n=40=30m+8sm(2SAT)+2t(2SAT) (Plate 1,D). The parameters of chromosomes are listed
in Table 2, and the idiogram is shown in Fig. 2, B. The chromosomes range in length 5.2-14.7 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.84. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to
2B. Another material from the same locality but different population was also examined and
found to have 2n=40=30m+6sm+2st(2SAT) (Fig. 2, C).
D. arisanensis (=D. pernyi) from Taiwan is reported to have 2n=40=26m+12sm+2st
(Chang and Hsu, 1974), D. fusco-picta from the Philippines 2n=40=22m+16sm+2st(2SAT)
(Kumar and Brandham, 1974), and D. longifolia from Thailand 2n=40 (Larsen, 1963). Thus,
the species in the genus, except the newly described D. jingfushanensis Z. Y. Liu (1987) with
no chromosome data, are all of 2n = 40, and the basic number of the genus is x = 20. From
the karyotype formulae, asymmetry of the karyotypes increases from D. aspera to D. fusco-picta
through D. pernyi, which may be correlated with the increasing specialization of gross morphology.
(3) Maianthemum Web. M. bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt from the Qinling
Range, Shaanxi, is found to have 2n = 36 = 20m + 10sm + 4st + 2t (2SAT) (Plate
1, H). The parameters of the chromosomes are listed in Table 3, and the idiogram
is shown in Fig. 3, D. The chromosome lengths range 2.4-8.2μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 3.43. The karyotype thus belongs to 2B, and is slightly bimodal: the first 10 pairs and the pair of sat chromosomes are larger than the
rest 7 pairs, the ratio of the shortest in the former group to the longest in the latter
group being 1.24.
(4) Polygonatum Mill. P. humile Fisch. ex Maxim. from Chicheng County,
Hebei, is shown to have a karyotype 2n= 20= 10m(2SAT)+6sm(2SAT)+ 4st
(Plate 1, G). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 4, and the haploid idiogram is shown in Fig. 3, C. The chromosome lengths range from 3.0 to 10.0μm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.3. The karyotype therefore belongs to 2B.
P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce Two materials in this species were examined. One from
Chicheng County, Hebei, has 2n=20=10m+10sm(3SAT) (Plate 1, E). The parameters of
chromosomes are presented in Table 4 and the somatic idiogram in Fig. 3, A. The chromosomes range in length 3.1-8.8 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.8. The karyotype is thus of 2B. The other from the Qinling Range, Shaanxi, is found to have 2n=20=
12m(4SAT)+8sm(2SAT) (Plate 1, F). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table
4, and the haploid idiogram is shown in Fig. 3, B. The chromosomes range in length 4.2-10.9 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.6. The karyotype is also of 2B.
P. odoratum is widely distributed in Eurasian temperate region and its cytological reports
are frequently seen. All the materials outside of China, from Portugal to Japan, are reported
to have 2n=20, except one material from east Sayan in SE Siberia, which is reported to have
2n=30 (Krogulevich, 1978). In China, however, three chromosome numbers have so far been
reported under the name P. odoratum, 2n=20 from the Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province
(Fang, 1989), Qinlong County, Hebei Province (Wang et al. 1987), the Jinfo Mountains, Sichuan Province (in cultivation), besides the two materials used in this work; 2n=22 from Mt.
Jinshan in Beijing (Li, 1980), Wuhan in Hubei Province, Yixin in Jiangsu Province and Mt.
Emei in Sichuan Province (Fang, 1989); 2n=18 from Yixin in Jiangsu Province and the Dabien
Mountains in Anhui Province (Fang, 1989). It is, therefore, rather evident that the species
under discussion is variable in chromosome number only in the southern part of its distribution
area. Karyotypical morphology is also variable in this species. The 2n=20 group is found to
have following karyotypes: 12m(4SAT)+8sm (in Austria, Hong et al. unpubl.), 14m+6sm
(Jilin): 12m+8sm (Qinlong, Hebei): 10m+10sm (3SAT) (Chicheng, Hebei): 12m(4SAT)+
8sm(2SAT) (Shaanxi) and 10m+6sm+4st(Mt. Jinfo, Sichuan). For the 2n=18 group, 10m+
8sm (Anhui) and 8m+10sm (Jiangsu) have been found. In the 2n=22 group these karyotype
formulae so far reported are all 10m+8sm+4st. Comparing the karyotypes in the three groups
we find that 4st chromosomes are always present in the 2n=22 group, while in the other two
groups, except the karyotype 10m+6sm+4st found from the Jinfo Mountains in Sichuan, all
the karyotypes consist of m and sm chromosomes.
Based on the correlation between karyotypical data and cryptic morphological differences
Wang et al. (1988) consider Polygonatum odoratum as a complex, which consists of three
species: Polygonatum odoratum (s. str. 2n=20), P. macropodium Turcz. (2n=22) and P. simi-zui Kitag. (2n=18). But in this complex biosystematic problems, such as relationship between chromosome number and chromosome structure, evolutionary relationship of the different chromosome numbers, relationship between means of reproduction (extent of vegetative propagation) and karyotype variation are still unresolved and deserve further studies.
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19.
本文将天南星科105个属的分布区归纳为12个分布类型和29个亚型,对每一类型的属进行生态地理分析。本科计有88个热带属,占全科的83.8%,是一个热带科。全科有两大分化中心:热带亚洲为属的多样化中心,热带美洲是种的分化中心。根据天南星科各属的生态地理研究,结合到科的系统发育程序,作者得出结论说:天南星科的原始类群在晚白垩纪时起源于亚洲大陆南缘,即欧亚古陆的亚洲南缘地带的水域生态环境。 相似文献