GDNF慢病毒载体感染食蟹猴骨髓间充质干细胞

骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是基因工程和细胞治疗的种子细胞之一,本研究利用含胶质源性神经营养因子(glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)基因的慢病毒载体感染成年食蟹猴MSCs,探讨转染后GDNF在MSCs中的体外表达水平及其影响因素。首先,通过密度梯度离心法分离食蟹猴骨髓单核细胞(marrow mononuclear cells,MNCs),体外培养食蟹猴MSCs。同时构建表达GDNF的慢病毒载体,并感染食蟹猴MSCs,分别利用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法和Real-time PCR方法,测定感染不同拷贝数病毒和不同转染组细胞GDNF的蛋白分泌水平和基因表达水平。实验结果显示,表达GDNF基因的慢病毒载体成功转染成年食蟹MSCs,体外培养的MSCs持续表达分泌GDNF。感染慢病毒的拷贝数可以影响GDNF分泌水平,相同条件下感染拷贝数越高,GDNF分泌量越多,其基因表达水平越高。     

OTX1基因慢病毒载体的构建及过表达研究

OTX1基因是神经发育调控中关键转录因子之一。本实验构建表达OTX1基因慢病毒载体,探讨慢病毒介导OTX1基因体外过表达的可行性。将OTX1基因克隆到慢病毒穿梭质粒DUET101内,构建表达OTX1以及GFP－OTX1基因的慢病毒载体;将pDUET－OTX1、pDUET－GFP－OTX1及pDUET101（空载体对照）质粒分别与慢病毒包装质粒pCMV R8.91、pMD.G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带OTX1基因、GFP－OTX1基因的重组慢病毒DUET－OTX1、DUET－GFP－OTX1以及仅携带GFP基因的DUET－GFP;用重组慢病毒分别转导293T细胞、SY5Y细胞、小鼠胚胎干细胞及大鼠胚胎15天皮层神经干细胞,证实慢病毒载体能够将外源基因转导入不同细胞,且转导的OTX1或GFP－OTX1在不同细胞中均仅在细胞核内表达;培养OTX1单克隆抗体细胞,浓缩抗体上清,通过Western Blot以及细胞免疫荧光法证实慢病毒介导的OTX1基因及GFP－OTX1基因转导入293T细胞后的过表达。本实验证实慢病毒载体是高效的基因转移载体;OTX1作为发育过程中至关重要的转录因子,经过重组慢病毒体外转导后均只在细胞核内表达。     

调节TREK1对小鼠海马神经干细胞增殖和BDNF表达的影响

目的:观察调节TWIK相关的K+通道1(TREK1)对小鼠海马神经干细胞增殖和脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)表达的影响。方法:从孕10.5 d C57bl/6J小鼠胚胎海马中分离出神经干细胞并培养,待细胞达到70%～80%融合后,对细胞进行慢病毒干预,细胞分为sham组,Ctrl组(转染对照病毒),Plenti-TREK-1组(转染携带TREK1高表达载体病毒)和sh-TREK-1组(转染携带TREK1-shRNA病毒)。采用CCK-8法检测病毒干预后3天和7天各组神经干细胞的细胞活力,采用q RT-PCR检测病毒干预后7天各组神经干细胞TREK-1基因表达情况,并通过Elisa检测各组神经干细胞上清液BDNF表达水平。结果:与sham组相比较,(1)Plenti-TREK-1组TREK1基因表达上调,神经干细胞的神经球体积减小,细胞活力降低,细胞增殖减少,细胞上清BDNF水平下降;(2)sh-TREK-1组TREK1基因表达下调,神经干细胞的神经球体积增加,细胞活力增高,细胞增殖增加,细胞上清BDNF水平上调;(3)上述各项指标Ctrl组与sham组之间无统计学差异。结论:神经干细胞的增殖与TREK1通道密切相关,上调TREK-1可以抑制神经干细胞增殖及其BDNF的表达水平;下调TREK-1则可以促进神经干细胞增殖并上调其BDNF的表达水平。     

慢病毒重组同源盒基因HOXA4表达载体的构建及其感染人脐带间充质干细胞的实验性研究

目的 构建携带同源基因HOXA4的慢病毒表达载体,并测定其对人脐带间充质干细胞的感染效率.方法 使用酶切及PCR技术从含有HOXA4基因的质粒克隆模版HOXA4-MSCV逆转录载体中获取目的 基因HOXA4,并将HOXA4基因重组到慢病毒载体表达质粒上Lenti-GFP-CTB,通过酶切、测序验证HOXA4基因后,将Lenti-GFP-HOXA4质粒、和辅助包装质粒pRsv-REV、pMDlg-pRRE、PMD2G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带HOXA4基因的重组慢病毒Lentiviral-HOXA4;然后感染人脐带间充质干细胞,通过荧光显微镜及流式细胞术检测其感染效率.结果 成功构建携带HOXA4基因的慢病毒表达载体Lentiviral-HOXA4,并获得高纯度的慢病毒浓缩液.经检测病毒滴度达2.11×108 TU/ml.成功转染HOXA4基因的脐带间充质干细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白,当病毒感染复数（MOI）值为60时转染效率最高,达（95.4±4.3）%.结论 成功构建携带人HOXA4基因的慢病毒,并可以在体外有效转染人脐带间充质干细胞.     

多顺反子慢病毒载体介导编码基因在人胚胎干细胞中的表达

人胚胎干细胞的基因修饰对于干细胞在体外的调控及促进干细胞在治疗方面的应用具有很高价值.探讨了以艾滋病病毒-1为基础的慢病毒栽体转导人胚胎干细胞,表达2种或3种转移基因的可行性和功效.应用脑心肌炎病毒的内部核糖体进入住点(IRFS)序列和/或口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)裂解因子2A构建双顺反子和三顺反子慢病毒载体,绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)和O<'6>-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶作为检测基因.抗嘌呤基因(嘌呤-N-甲基转移酶;PAC)作为选择基因,转染人胚胎干细胞后经过嘌呤选择.通过流式细胞技术和蛋白印迹杂交方法检测eGFP和MGMT的表达.多基因慢病毒载体可以同时将2或3个基因转移到人胚胎干细胞.多顺反子慢病毒栽体转导人胚胎干细胞后经过嘌呤选择,可以使转移基因高效、均匀的表达,在人胚胎干细胞的基础和应用研究方面具有重要意义.     

NGF基因重组慢病毒载体的构建及其在人脐带血间充质干细胞的表达

目的:构建神经生长因子(NGF)的慢病毒表达载体,并观察其转染人脐带间充质干细胞后的表达情况。方法:采用实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法获取NGF基因编码片段,并将构建的慢病毒载体质粒与包装质粒和包膜质粒共转染293T细胞,包装生产慢病毒。应用相同滴度的慢病毒转导等量间充质干细胞(MSCs),观察转染后细胞的生长形态及生长曲线,再采用RT-PCR、Western Blot方法检测NGF m RNA、蛋白质的表达水平。结果:经PCR、酶切和测序结果证明成功构建NGF基因重组慢病毒载体。同时NGF基因重组慢病毒载体能够成功转染人脐带间充质干细胞,转染率达95.35%,转染后干细胞在NGF m RNA及蛋白质的表达方面较对照组明显升高,同时经倒置显微镜观察及生长曲线实验证实转染后干细胞的生长与对照组相比无明显差异。结论:重组NGF的慢病毒表达载体能够高效的转染人脐带间充质干细胞,基因转染后干细胞的增殖分化能力与未转染细胞差异无统计学意义,可作为一种高效的干细胞转染方法。     

端粒酶shRNA 慢病毒载体的构建及转染人类胚胎干细胞

目的:构建端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体及建立端粒酶稳定干扰的人类胚胎干细胞系。方法:将端粒酶基因特异性shRNA靶序列与慢病毒载体PLKO.1-puro连接、转化、挑取阳性克隆进行PCR及测序鉴定;利用包装细胞293T获得重组的慢病毒,感染人类胚胎干细胞,分为干扰组ShTert、载体组vector和野生型组wt;Realtime-PCR检测端粒酶mRNA的表达。结果:经PCR和DNA测序鉴定,成功构建端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体,并感染人类胚胎干细胞;经检测shTert组端粒酶mRNA表达较vector和wt组明显降低,vector组和wt组之间无明显差异。结论:通过成功构建的端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体对人类胚胎干细胞的转染实现了对其端粒酶mRNA的调控。     

端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及转染人类胚胎干细胞

目的：构建端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体及建立端粒酶稳定干扰的人类胚胎干细胞系。方法：将端粒酶基因特异性shRNA靶序列与慢病毒载体PLKO.1-puro连接、转化、挑取阳性克隆进行PCR及测序鉴定;利用包装细胞293T获得重组的慢病毒,感染人类胚胎干细胞,分为干扰组ShTert、载体组vector和野生型组wt;Realtime-PCR检测端粒酶mRNA的表达。结果：经PCR和DNA测序鉴定,成功构建端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体,并感染人类胚胎干细胞;经检测shTert组端粒酶mRNA表达较vector和wt组明显降低,vector组和wt组之间无明显差异。结论：通过成功构建的端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体对人类胚胎干细胞的转染实现了对其端粒酶mRNA的调控。     

小鼠RNA干扰基因RelA慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建小鼠RelA 基因的RNA 干扰慢病毒载体,转染小鼠成骨样细胞并鉴定。方法：针对小鼠RelA 基因序列,设计特异 性的shRNA 序列,应用基因重组技术插入慢病毒载体GV-248。得到的重组质粒转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5-alpha,筛选得到阳性克隆 并扩大培养。所得质粒进行测序分析确定载体构建成功。重组质粒载体及包装辅助质粒转染293T 细胞,得到目的病毒并测定相 应病毒滴度。慢病毒转染MC3T3-E1 细胞后,Real-time PCR 及Western blot 检测MC3T3-E1 细胞RelA 基因及成骨相关基因 ALP、OCN、RANKL的表达。结果：成功构建小鼠RelA 基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,感染MC3T3-E1 细胞后,RelA 基因的表达 明显受到抑制,同时RANKL基因表达水平明显下降,ALP、OCN基因表达水平明显上升。结论：成功构建了小鼠RelA 基因的 RNA 干扰慢病毒载体。当小鼠成骨细胞RelA基因表达被干扰,NF-资B 通路被抑制后,小鼠成骨细胞成骨相关基因ALP、OCN的 表达明显上升,成骨功能增强;同时RANKL 的表达明显下降,其介导的破骨细胞骨吸收功能减弱。     

CXCR4慢病毒载体的构建及其在人脐带血间充质干细胞的表达

目的：构建趋化因子CXC亚族CXCR4的慢病毒表达载体并观察其转染人脐带间充质干细胞后的表达。方法：用逆转录PCR方法获取CXCR4基因编码区片段,将构建的慢病毒载体质粒pLVTHM-EGFP-CXCR4与包装质粒psPAX2和包膜质粒pMD2．G共转染293T细胞,包装生产慢病毒。用相同滴度的慢病毒转导等量间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal Stem Cell,MSCs）,后采用Real time PCR检测CXCR4 mRNA、Western Blot方法检测蛋白质的表达。结果：PCR、酶切和测序结果表明成功的构建了CXCR4基因重组慢病毒载体。同时用该慢病毒载体转染MSCs后可有效地增加MSCs中CXCR4的表达。结论：成功构建了CXCR4的慢病毒表达载体并能在MSCs中表达,为进一步研究其在干细胞移植中的应用奠定基础。’     

Generation of a Genome Scale Lentiviral Vector Library for EF1α Promoter-Driven Expression of Human ORFs and Identification of Human Genes Affecting Viral Titer

The bottleneck in elucidating gene function through high-throughput gain-of-function genome screening is the limited availability of comprehensive libraries for gene overexpression. Lentiviral vectors are the most versatile and widely used vehicles for gene expression in mammalian cells. Lentiviral supernatant libraries for genome screening are commonly generated in the HEK293T cell line, yet very little is known about the effect of introduced sequences on the produced viral titer, which we have shown to be gene dependent. We have generated an arrayed lentiviral vector library for the expression of 17,030 human proteins by using the GATEWAY® cloning system to transfer ORFs from the Mammalian Gene Collection into an EF1alpha promoter-dependent lentiviral expression vector. This promoter was chosen instead of the more potent and widely used CMV promoter, because it is less prone to silencing and provides more stable long term expression. The arrayed lentiviral clones were used to generate viral supernatant by packaging in the HEK293T cell line. The efficiency of transfection and virus production was estimated by measuring the fluorescence of IRES driven GFP, co-expressed with the ORFs. More than 90% of cloned ORFs produced sufficient virus for downstream screening applications. We identified genes which consistently produced very high or very low viral titer. Supernatants from select clones that were either high or low virus producers were tested on a range of cell lines. Some of the low virus producers, including two previously uncharacterized proteins were cytotoxic to HEK293T cells. The library we have constructed presents a powerful resource for high-throughput gain-of-function screening of the human genome and drug-target discovery. Identification of human genes that affect lentivirus production may lead to improved technology for gene expression using lentiviral vectors.     

转基因鸡生物反应器载体的构建及其表达特性分析

以增强型绿色荧光蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶为报告基因,构建了鸡卵清蛋白启动子表达载体和慢病毒载体,以巨细胞病毒 (Cytomegalovirus,CMV)启动子表达载体为对照,转染或感染鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞、鸡胚成纤维细胞、鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞和牛乳腺上皮细胞,通过荧光和酶活性检测,旨在筛选出用于实现转基因鸡生物反应器的高效特异性表达载体。结果发现,鸡卵清蛋白启动子表达载体转染以上4种细胞后2种标记基因均有表达,没有表现出明显的细胞特异性,且荧光素酶检测结果表明其在各细胞组中表达活性都低于CMV启动子表达载体100倍以上;慢病毒载体感染以上4种细胞后2种标记基因均有表达,在鸡输卵管上皮细胞组感染单个细胞的病毒颗粒 (Multiplicity of infection,MOI) 为20时绿色荧光蛋白表达量就可以达到CMV启动子表达载体的水平。上述结果表明,基于卵清蛋白基因调控序列构建的表达载体无法实现外源基因的高效、特异性表达,而慢病毒载体在表达活性和广泛性上可以用于进行鸡输卵管生物反应器的研究。     

Construction of a lentiviral T/A vector for direct analysis of PCR-amplified promoters

The promoter plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. To analyze a promoter’s activity, we developed a novel lentiviral T/A vector that contains two reporter genes, a luciferase (Luc2) gene and a green fluorescent protein (Venus) gene, that are linked via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES2). To test the performance of this vector, phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK) and elongation factor-1α (EF1α) promoters were amplified by PCR and inserted into this lentiviral T/A vector using T4 DNA ligase, yielding two promoter–reporter vectors: pLent-T-PGK and pLent-T-EF1α. When these vectors were transfected into 293T cells, we observed a higher level of Venus expression under a fluorescence microscopy in the case of pLent-T-EF1α as compared to pLent-T-PGK. The results of the luciferase reporter assay showed that the ratio of the promoter activities of EF1α and PGK was approximately 9:1. The two promoter–reporter vectors were also packaged as lentiviral particles to conduct promoter activity assay in cultured cells. The ratio of the promoter activities of EF1α and PGK was 4.23:1 when they were infected into 293T cells at a multiplicity of infection of 1. This value is comparable to that of a parallel experiment using the commercial luciferase reporter vector pGL4.10 with an activity ratio of 5.99:1 for EF1α and PGK. These results indicate that lentiviral T/A vector will be a useful tool for analysis of promoter activity and specificity.     

miR-217慢病毒表达载体及稳转胶质瘤细胞系的构建

目的:构建mi R-217慢病毒表达载体并建立稳定表达mi R-217的胶质瘤细胞系,为深入研究mi R-217在胶质瘤细胞生长及功能中的作用及机制提供条件。方法:利用人基因组中mi R-217前体序列,设计并合成引物。采用PCR的方法扩增含mi R-217前体的目的片段,酶切后连接至慢病毒表达载体p LVX-EGFP-Puro。将带有mi R-217前体的慢病毒载体及辅助质粒用脂质体的方法转染293细胞,24小时后收集上清液测定病毒滴度。利用实时定量PCR检测mi R-217的表达水平,确定慢病毒载体的表达能力。将病毒感染胶质瘤细胞系U251,通过荧光观察和嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)筛选,获得稳定转染mi R-217的胶质瘤细胞系。结果:克隆的mi R-217前体目的片段经PCR检测和测序分析,序列完全正确、无突变。实时定量PCR检测发现慢病毒感染293T细胞后,mi R-217的表达水平明显升高(P0.01),表明mi R-217慢病毒表达载体构建成功。经嘌呤霉素筛选后,荧光显微镜观察发现细胞均有稳定的绿色荧光表达,并且mi R-217的表达水平显著升高(P0.01),是对照组的12.5倍。结论:成功构建了mi R-127慢病毒表达载体和稳转胶质瘤细胞系,为后续研究奠定了良好基础。     

慢病毒介导的GFP-Hsp90αE47A基因在HepG2细胞表达及对细胞增殖性影响的研究

目的：建立真核细胞表达的GFP-Hsp90αE47A基因重组慢病毒载体三质粒包装细胞系统,并检测其对细胞增殖性的影响,为进一步研究HSP90分子伴侣功能奠定基础。方法：制备完整的重组慢病毒载体三质粒系统：转移质粒（Hsp90αE47A/psin-GFP）,包装质粒（ΔNRF）及包膜蛋白质粒（VSV-G）。磷酸钙法将三质粒共转染293T包装细胞,48h后收集病毒上清。将制备好的慢病毒颗粒感染HepG2细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察报告基因GFP的表达情况,Westernblot检测HepG2细胞GFP-Hsp90α表达。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果：转染后的293T和感染后的HepG2细胞能观察到较强的绿色荧光,培养液上清病毒滴度约为3.0×103ifu/μl,HepG2细胞中有GFP-Hsp90α蛋白的表达。内源性Hsp90α表达无明显上升（为对照组的1.05±0.15倍,P〈0.05,t检验）,有明显外源性GFP-Hsp90αE47A蛋白的表达,为对照组内源性Hsp90α的0.68±0.12倍。外源性GFP-Hsp90αE47A蛋白的表达HepG2细胞增殖活性于第4d有明显抑制。（1.051±0.03vs1.349±0.05,P〈0.05,t检验）。结论：成功建立重组慢病毒载体的三质粒包装细胞系统,并将GFP-Hsp90αE47A基因在HepG2细胞中稳定表达,且并未引起细胞明显的热休克反应而导致的内源性Hsp90α增高;且能明显抑制细胞增殖,为后期Hsp90α分子伴侣功能进行研究奠定基础。     

Production of lentiviral vectors in suspension cells using low proportion of supercoiled circular plasmid DNA

The supercoiled circular (SC) topology form of plasmid DNA has been regarded to be advantageous over open circular or linearized analogue in transfection and expression efficiency, and therefore are largely demanded in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing. However, production of high-purity SC plasmid DNA would result in high manufacturing cost. The effect of SC proportion in plasmid DNA on the quality of packaged lentiviral vectors has never been reported. In this study, we established an efficient system for production of high-titer lentiviral vectors using suspension HEK293SF cells in serum-free media, and the lentiviral titer was not associated with the proportion of SC plasmid DNA. Plasmids DNA with different proportion of SC, open-circular, and linearized forms were prepared using the thermal denaturation method, and were transfected to adherent HEK293T or suspension HEK293SF cells for packaging of lentiviral vectors. The titer of lentiviral vectors from HEK293T cells, but not from HEK293SF cells, was significantly impaired when the proportion of SC plasmid DNA decreased from 60–80% to 30–40%. Further decrease of SC plasmid proportion to 3% led to a dramatic reduction of lentiviral titer no matter the packaging cell line was. However, lentiviral vectors from HEK293SF cells still showed a high titer even when the proportion of SC plasmid DNA was 3%. This study demonstrated that extremely high proportion of SC plasmid DNA was not required for packaging of high-titer lentiviral vector in HEK293SF cells, at least under our manufacturing process.     

构建稳定表达RFP及嘌呤霉素抗性的K562细胞株

目的构建稳定表达红色荧光蛋白（red fluorescent protein,RFP）和嘌呤霉素（puromycin）抗性的K562．PM．RFP细胞株,便于慢性粒细胞性白血病研究中K562细胞的观察和筛选。方法采用PCR法获得RFP片段,将其插入到慢病毒pGC-FU-3FLAG-IRES—Puromycin载体中获得pGC—PM—RFP重组质粒,经脂质体转染到293T细胞中获得慢病毒LV—PM—RFP,有限稀释法检测慢病毒在293T细胞中的转染效率,用包装获得的慢病毒感染K562细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得RFP阳性的K562-PM—RFP细胞株。结果PCR及测序结果证实目的基因RFP正确克隆至慢病毒质粒中,经慢病毒LV—PM-RFP感染的K562细胞能在嘌呤霉素抗性培养基中存活,并稳定表达RFP。结论成功构建了慢病毒重组质粒pGC—PM-RFP,并获得了携带RFP及嘌呤霉素抗性基因的K562-PM—RFP细胞株。