秦岭地区10种百合科植物核型报道

本文对秦岭地区的Polygonatum的2种,Hosta的2种和Smilax discotis,Cardiocrinum giganteum,Asparagus filicintus,Reineckia carnea,Tupistra chinensis,Rohdea japonica做了核型分析。其中有4种的核型为国内首次报道。本义对不同产地的玉竹gonatum odoratum)的核型进行了对比,讨论了其核型进化的可能途径。     

子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究

对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精（Ｐ．ｍｅｇａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ）、玉竹（Ｐ．ｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ）,百合属的细叶百合（Ｌ．ｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ）,葱属的糙葶韭（Ａ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｏｄｉｕｍ）４种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为：玉竹２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２０＝１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ,核型为２Ｂ型;大苞黄精２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２２＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,核型为３Ｂ型;细叶百合２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２４＝４ｍ＋１０ｓｔ     

百合科六属十五种植物的细胞学研究

本文对云南西北部百合科6属15种的染色体和核型进行了报道。 (1)Clintonia udensis Trautv．et Mey间期核属于浓密分散型,前期染色体属于渐变型,分裂中期体细胞染色体2n=14=8m+4sm+2st(2SAT),核型不对称性属于2A型;(2)鹿药属四个种间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Smilacina henryi(Baker)Wang et Tang,2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n=36=14m(2SAT)+12sm+10st(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2B型; Smilacina tatsienensis(Franch．)Wang et Tang, 2n=36=22m+2sm+2st(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina atropurpurea(Franch．)Wang et Tang,2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT)+12st,核型不对称性属于2C型;(3)黄精属四个种的间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Polygonatum kingianum Coll．et Hesml．,2n=30=12m(2SAT) +6sm+lst+2t, 核型不对称性属于2C型; Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Wall．) Royal,2n=30=10m+4sm+12st+4t, 3C型; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m(2SAT)+14sm(6SAT)+40st, 核型不对称性属于3C 型; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker,2n=32=12m+6sm+10st+2t+2bs,核型不对称性属于2C型;(4)百合属,假百合属,豹子花属三个属的间期核和前期染色体形态相似,都属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体 细胞染色体分别为Lilium henricii Franch,2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+10st+10t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Lilium bakerianum Coll．et Hesml．var． rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m (2SAT)+10st+10t(2SAT),核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis bilouensis Liang 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+12st+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis pardanthina Franch．,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis sauluensis Balf, f.,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+10st(2SAT)+10t,核型不对称性属于3B型;Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+14st(2SAT)+6t,核型不对称性属于3A型。     

黄花莱三个品种的细胞学研究

本文对黄花菜三个品种进行了细胞学研究。三个品种的染色体数目均为22,核型有所不同,核型公式分别为:线黄花2n=2x=22=12m+10sm;马连黄花2n=2x=22=10m+10sm+2st(SAT);小黄花2n=2x=22=6m+14sm+2st。核型均属2B型。线黄花与马连黄花的核型接近。细胞学研究说明,根据植物形态分类划分的黄花菜三个品种是确切的。     

百合科细胞分类学研究(1)——重楼等6属10种的核型报道

本文对陕西、四川和河北的Paris 2种,Cardiocrinum giganteum, Smilacina 2种,Allium 2种, Asparagus 2种,以及Convallaria majalis 的核型作了分析,其中Paris polyphylla var. latifolia, Smilacina henryi 和 Allium ovalifolium 的染色体报道为第一次。 首次发现Perisverticillata 中四倍体细胞宗的存在。本文对Paris的核型、地理分布和分类作了分析讨论。     

中国横断山区狭义百合科四属部分植物核型研究

用细胞压片法对分布于中国横断山区的百合科4属部分植物进行了核型研究,其中百合属（Lilium）中除卷丹（L．tigrinum）为三倍体2n=36外,大部分都是2倍体,2n=24;贝母属（Fritillaria）全为2倍体,2n=24,其次缢痕较多,且比较明显;假百合属假百合（Notholirion bulbuliferum）同时存在2倍体和3倍体,2n=24以及2n=36;洼瓣花属（Lloydia）只研究了一种,即西藏洼瓣花（Lloydia tibetica）,发现2n=23。4个属的核型区别明显,为确定属间亲缘关系提供了一定的参考。其中,马塘百合（L．matangense）和西藏洼瓣花的核型是首次报道。     

百合科细胞分类学研究——(2)浙江产8属8种的染色体数目和核型报道

本文对浙江产的Disporum sessile, Tricyrtis macropodo, Scilla rcilloides,Ophiopogon japoni cus,Liriope platyphylla和Allium macrostemon的核型作了分析,并报道了Polygonatum odoratum 和Asparagus cochinchinensis 的单倍体染色体数目。其中绝大多数为国产材料的首次记载。     

中国桤木属植物的细胞学研究(Ⅰ)

对桦木科桤木属自然分布于中国西南地区的4个种进行了细胞学研究,结果分别为:川滇桤木K(2n)=56=30m+24sm+2st;桤木K(2n)=56=38m+16sm+2M;蒙自桤木K(2n)=56=28m+26sm+2st;毛桤木K(2n)=56=42m+14sm;其中川滇桤木的核型属于2A型,其余均为2B型;上述种类染色体数目均为2n=56。4种材料的核型均为首次报道。     

中国西北地区11种黄耆属植物的细胞学研究

对分布于中国西北地区的11种黄耆属植物进行了细胞学研究,其中9种作了核型分析。结果表明,杯萼黄耆（Astragalus cupulicalycinus）为六倍体（2n=48）,酒泉黄耆（A.jiuquanensis）具有2种细胞型：2n=32的四倍体和2n=48的六倍体,其余种类均为二倍体（2n=16)。9个种的核型公式分别为：木黄耆（A.arbuscula）,2n=16=14 2sm,“1A”核型;胀萼黄耆（A.ellipsoideus）,2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;粗毛黄耆（A.scabrisetus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;秦岭黄耆（A.henryi),2n=16=8m 8sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）,2n=16=10m 6sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;变异黄耆（A.variabilis）,2n=16=4m 10sm(2SAT) 2t,“2A”核型;喜沙黄耆（A.ammodytes),2n=16=6m 10sm(2SAT),“2A”核型;密花黄耆（A.densiflorus),2n=16=6m(2SAT) 10sm,“2A”核型;茧荚黄耆（A.lehmannianus),2n=16=14m(2SAT) 2st,“2A”核型。所有研究种中,仅变异黄耆的染色体数目有过报道,其余种的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。     

栓皮栎核型及体胚发生的细胞学特性研究

采用常规制片方法对栓皮栎核型、体胚发生过程中胚性愈伤组织细胞染色体进行了分析。结果表明,栓皮栎体细胞染色体数目2n＝24,核型公式K(2n)＝2x=24=20m十4sm,属于“2B”型,染色体组总长18.55 μm。继代8个月的胚性愈伤组织细胞的染色体数目和结构相对稳定,其中二倍体细胞占 97.20%,四倍体细胞占1.87%,单倍体细胞占0.93%。未发现有非整倍体细胞和染色体形态结构变异。子叶期体胚胚轴亚表层起源的分生组织团中有些细胞核呈片状或椭圆形。个别成熟体胚中偶见有3核细胞。     

Report on Karyotypes of 10 Species of Liliaceae (s. l.) From Qinling Range

The karyotypes of 10 species of the Liliaceae from the Qinling Range are reported as follows. I. Polygonatum Mill. (1) P. odoratum ( Mill. ) Druce was found to have the karyotype 2n=20=12m+8sm ( Plate 3, Fig. I), which belongs to Stebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification 2B. The chromosomes range from 3.88 to 11.26μm in size. Table 2 shows the karyotypes and number fundamentals (N.F.) of 13 materials from 12 different localities. The N. F. of these materials can be classified into two groups: N.F. =36 and N.F.=40, besides one (N.F. =38) from Beijing. N. F. =36 covers all the materials with 2n= 18 which have relatively symmetrical karyotypes ( all consisting of m and sm chromosomes), one with 2n=20 (10m+6sm+4st) and one with 2n=22 (14m+8st). N.F. =40 include four materials with 2n= 20 (all of m and sm chromosomes ) and 3 with 2n= 22 (10m+ 8sm+ 4st). ￥ It is considered that there are two original karyotypes, 2n= 18 with N. F. = 36 and 2n= 20 with N.F. =40, which are relatively symmetrical. All the more asymmetrical karyotypes with some st chromosomes have probably evolved from the symmetrical karyotypes without st chromosomes by centric fission. (2) P. zanlanscianense Pamp. has the karyotype 2n=30=18m(2SAT) + 4sm+ 6st+ 2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1) which belongs to 2C. The chromosomes range from 2.16 to 9.76μm. ￥ II. Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. The karyotype of this species is 2n = 16= 8m(2SAT )+ 6sm + 2st (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3 ) , which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 2.33 to 5.30μm. Most species in Asparagus, including A.Filicinus, are reported to have basic number x= 10, and therefore 2n= 16 is a new chromosome number for A.filicinus. EL-Saded et.al.(1972) gave a report of n=8 for A. stipularis from Egypt, while Delay (1947) reported 2n = 24 for A. trichophyllus and A. verticillatus, Sinla(1972 ) gave a report of 2n=48 for A.racemosus. It is certain that there are two basic numbers in the genus Asparagus. III. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino was found to have the karyotype 2n=24=4m+8st+12t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 3B. The chromosomes range from 8.71 to 20.24μm. IV. Smilax discotis Warb. was shown to have the karyotype 2n=32=4m+22sm+4st (2SAT)+2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3), which belongs to 3C. The first pair is much longer than others. The chromosomes range from 1.79 to 9.21μm. The chromosome number and karyotype of S. discotis are both reported for the first time. V. Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth is of the karyotype 2n=38=28m+10sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 5.65 to 12.75μm. VI. Tupistra chinensis Baker was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=25m+ 13sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 8.11 to 23.82μm. A pair of heterozygous chromosomes is arranged at the end of the idiogram. The eighth pair possesses an intercalary satellite. Huang et al. (1989) reported the karyotype of T. chinensis from Yunnan as 2n = 38 = 24m+ 14sm without any intercalary satellite. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) gave a report on the karyotype of T. nutans from Bhutan, which consists of 18 pairs of median to submedian chromosomes and one pair of subterminal chromosomes. And one pair of submedian chromosomes possess intercalary satellites on their short arms. VII. Rohdea japonica (Thunb) Roth. was found to have the karyotype 2n=38=30m+6sm+2st ( Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 7.94 to 18.29μm. Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) reported that the karyotype of R.japonica from Japan was the same as that of Tupistra nutans from Bhutan. But we have not discov ered any chromosome with an intercalary satellite. VIII. Hosta Tratt. (1) H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers was shown to have 2n=60. The 60 chromosomes are in 30 pairs,which can be classified into 4 pairs of large chromosomes (7.32- 8.72μm ), 3 pairs of medium-sized ones (4.72-5.60μm), and 23 pairs of small ones (1.40-3.64μm), (Plate 3 ,Table 4 ). The karyotype of H. plantaginea is reported for the first time. (2) H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn was counted to have 2n=120, The 120 chromosomes are in 60 pairs, which can be classified into 8 pairs of large chromosomes (7.00- 8.40μm ), 6 pairs of medium-sized ones(4.40- 6.15um ), 46 pairs of small ones (1.20- 3.85μm), (Plate 3, Table 4). Based on the karyotypes of H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa, the latter is probably a tetraploid in the genus Hosta. Kaneko (1968b) gave a report on the karyotype of H. ventricosa, which is of8 pairs of large chromosomes, 4 pairs of medium-sized and 48 pairs of small ones.     

秦岭野生常绿针叶植物及其在园林绿化上的应用

通过对秦岭野生常绿针叶植物资源的调查与统计,归纳总结了秦岭野生常绿针叶植物的种类及其分布情况,介绍了部分植物的形态特征、生态习性、园林用途,并提出了开发与利用建议。     

秦岭植物区系新资料

报道了 2个采自秦岭的新记录科——小二仙草科 Haloragidaceae,茨藻科 Najadaceae植物新分布类群     

河南省大别山区百合科野生花卉资源

论述了河南大别山区的12属28种百合科野生花卉资源的主要形态、观赏性状、花色、花期、生境、度园林应用。并分析了河南大别山区百合科野生花卉资源的特点度开发前景。     

秦岭重点保护植物丰富度空间格局与热点地区

秦岭地区物种资源丰富,是我国重要的生物多样性热点地区之一。以秦岭山系涉及的43个行政县为研究区域,基于重点保护植物的县级分布,并结合垂直分布和生境类型信息获得物种分布区范围,探讨重点保护植物的丰富度空间格局和热点地区。研究结果表明:该地区共包括重点保护植物200种,其中国家一级保护植物20种,国家二级保护植物180种;秦岭重点保护植物丰富度空间格局总体随山体呈东西向递减的条带状分布,东段随着山岭与盆地相间的地形呈扫帚状展开,南坡物种丰富度高于北坡;通过丰富度空间格局确定了3个热点地区,分别是:(1)伏牛-熊耳山地;(2)太白-佛坪山地;(3)天水东南部山地。将热点地区与国家级自然保护区叠加后鉴别出保护空缺地,可为下一步实施科学的生物多样性保护规划提供基础资料。     

秦岭天然锐齿栎林群落区系研究

锐齿栎林是秦岭林区的主要森林类型之一。通过对秦岭天然锐齿栎林群落的野外调查,报道了组成该群落的植物种类１８３种,隶属于６０科,１３１属,并在此基础上对该群落区系特点作了较为详细的分析。分析表明：１．该群落区系具有明显的温带性质。２．该群落区系是奠基在秦岭古老植物区系的基础上,通过种间竞争、群落演替形成的。３．锐齿栎本身不是一个古老的类群,其出现的时间不会早于上新世。     

陕西秦岭拟大萼苔科的2个新记录种

报道陕西秦岭的2个苔类新记录种:红色拟大萼苔[Cephaloziella rubella(Nees) Warnst.]和被刺拟大萼苔(Cephaloziella spinicaulis Douin.)。根据标本对2种植物的形态进行了详细的描述,同时对其地理分布进行了简要说明。     

秦岭地区15kaBP以来的植被与环境

通过对秦岭海拔2200m-山间盆地沼泽沉积剖面的花粉分析和^14C年代测定,结合对该区植被与表土花粉的研究,认为秦岭的暗针叶林带15ka BP以来植被和环境经历了4个发展阶段：(1)约15450～6760a BP,植被为冷杉(Abies)-云杉(Picea)林,气候寒冷潮湿;(2)约6760～2940a BP,沉积物中花粉稀少,以冷杉、云杉、桦(Betula)、栎(Quercus)为主,出现了喜暖型植物桤木(alnus),气候暖湿;(3)2940～40a BP,植被为冷杉林,气候冷湿;(4)0～40a BP,植被为桦、栎、榛(Corylus)、桤木、铁杉(Tsuga)和小片状分布的冷杉,松(Pinus)的数量极少,气候向暖干方向发展,这是近期人为活动干扰的结果。