岩蕨科、球盖蕨科的系统位置：叶绿体DNAtrnL-F区序列证据

岩蕨科(Woodsiaceae)和球盖蕨科(Peranemaceae)历来被多数学者认为是亲缘关系密切的两个科,它们的系统位置一直存在争议,两科曾被放入三叉蕨科(Aspidiaceae)、碗蕨科(Dennstaedtiaceae)、鳞毛蕨亚科(Dryopteridoidaae)及鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteriaceae)蹄盖蕨亚科(Athyrioideae)中。根据岩蕨科1种、球盖蕨科3种、蹄盖蕨科8种、鳞毛蕨科2种及1种外类群假大羽铁角蕨(Asplenium pseudolaserpitiifolium)的cpDNA基因trnL-F区序列建立的系统树,结果显示,岩蕨科和球盖蕨科的亲缘关系较远,岩蕨科与蹄盖蕨科有密切的亲缘关系,球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨科亲缘关系较近,岩蕨科和球盖蕨科是处于不同进化线上的植物。秦仁昌（1978）和Pichi-Sermolii（1977）的系统将二者分别作为独立的科是合适的。     

贵州产耳蕨属（鳞毛蕨科）一新种—韭菜坪耳蕨

描述了贵州耳蕨属一新种,即韭菜坪耳蕨(Polystichum jiucaipingense P. S. Wang et Q. Luo)。新种与栗鳞耳蕨(P. castaneum(Clarke) Nayar et Kaur)相近,但植株较小,叶柄、叶轴上的鳞片淡棕色,孢子囊群着生于全部羽片上而不同。     

陕西蕨类植物新记录

报道了陕西分布新记录的11种蕨类植物,即峨眉盾蕨（Neolepisorus emeiensis）、边缘鳞盖蕨（Microlepia marginata）、肾羽铁角蕨（Asplenium humistratum）、城口铁角蕨（A. chengkouense）、蚀盖耳蕨（Polystichum erosum）、伴藓耳蕨（P. muscicola）、尾叶耳蕨（P. thomsonii）、尖齿耳蕨（P. acutidens）、康定耳蕨（P. kangdingense）、石韦（Pyrrosia lingua）和绒紫萁（Osmunda claytoniana）,凭证标本均保存于西北农林科技大学植物标本馆（原西北植物研究所标本馆）（WUK）。至此,陕西现有蕨类植物已有258种（不包括变种和变型）。     

广东蕨类植物新资料

报道了2个新异名,1个新等级和35种蕨类植物在广东的分布新记录。正安肋毛蕨（Ctenitis changanensis Ching）和信宜铁角蕨（Asplenium xinyiense Ching et S.H.Wu）分别作直鳞肋毛蕨（Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching）和厚叶铁角蕨（Asplenium griffithianum Hook）的异名处理;齿翅井栏凤尾蕨（Pteris serralata（Miau）Y. H. Yan）被提升到种的等级;假芒萁属（Sticherus Presl）、柄盖蕨属（Peranema D. Don）、蛾眉蕨属（Lunathyrium Koidz.）和革舌蕨属（Scleroglossum Alderw）等4个属为广东分布新记录,小笠原卷柏（Selaginella boninensis Baker）为中国大陆分布新记录。广东现有蕨类已达到56科144属502种。     

黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义

在形态分类研究的基础上,利用RAPD技术,对黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科植物6属9种共15个种群进行了遗传多样性分析,分析结果表明：（1）假冷蕨属应包括在蹄盖蕨属中（2）角蕨属与蹄盖蕨属,羽节蕨属与冷蕨属亲源关系较近（3）短肠蕨属为独立一属,与其它属亲源关系较远。根据黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科植物的DNA水平的研究结果,再结合其形态学特征,建议将黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科划分为3个亚科：冷蕨亚科(Cystopterioideae)包括2个属：冷蕨属(Cystopteris)和羽节蕨属(Gymnocarpium)。蹄盖蕨亚科(Athyrioideae)包括3个属：蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium)、假冷蕨属(Pseudocystopteris)和角蕨属(Cornopteris)。双盖蕨亚科(Diplazioideae)包括短肠蕨属(Allantodia)。     

黑轴凤丫蕨复合群的分类修订

凤丫蕨属(Coniogramme Fée)种间界限模糊,存在过渡类型,是蕨类植物中分类比较困难的类群之一。黑轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta(H.Christ) H.Christ)是凤丫蕨属植物中比较特殊的种类之一。本文在标本考证、野外考察和微形态研究的基础上对该种的分类进行了订正。将假黑轴凤丫蕨(C.pseudorobusta Ching et Shing)和新黑轴凤丫蕨(C.neorobusta Ching et Shing)归并到黑轴凤丫蕨。同时对该种下的两个变种黄轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta var. splendens Ching et Shing)和棕轴凤丫蕨(C.robusta var. rependula Ching et Shing)重新定义模式标本。     

江苏铁角蕨的系统位置和多倍体起源

运用分子系统发育分析的方法研究了江苏铁角蕨（Asplenium kiangsuense）的系统位置及其与庐山铁角蕨（Agulingense）的关系,并探讨了该类群可能的多倍体起源方式。结果显示：江苏铁角蕨与庐山铁角蕨可能为同源四倍体,是组成倒挂铁角蕨复合体（Anormale complex）的成员之一;二者在形态特征与基因序列方面均表现一致,接受英文版中国植物志的处理,即把庐山铁角蕨处理为江苏铁角蕨的异名。     

乌毛蕨科3种植物配子体发育的研究

通过人工培养的方式,详细记录了乌毛蕨科(Blechnacea)具代表性的3个种,即乌毛蕨(Blechnum Orientale L.)、狗脊蕨(Woodwardia Japonica (L.F)Smith)和苏铁蕨(Brainea insignis (Hook)J.Sm)的配子体发育全过程,附特征性结构照片37幅。实验结果基本支持秦仁昌主要依据孢子体形态的分类观点。为乌毛蕨科的研究积累了配子体发育方面的详实资料。     

湖南蕨类植物区系新资料

报道了湖南蕨类植物区系新记录17种（隶属7科,11属）,它们是桫椤（Alsophila spinulosa）、长尾铁线蕨（Adiantunm diaphanum）半月形铁线蕨（A. philippense）、新月蕨（Pronephrium gymnopteridifrons）、密毛紫柄蕨（Pseudophegopteris hirtirachis）、禾秆紫柄蕨（P. microstegia）、金佛山溪边蕨（Stegnogramma jinfoshanensis）、假大羽铁角蕨（Asplenium pseudolaserpitiifolium）、都匀铁角蕨（A. toramanum）、长镰羽耳蕨（Polystichum falcatilobum）、瓦鳞耳蕨（P. fimbriatum）、棕鳞耳蕨（P. polyblepharum）、倒鳞耳蕨（P. retroso-paleaceum）、膜边肋毛蕨（Ctenitis clarkei）、三叉蕨（Tecaria subtriphylla）、指叶假瘤蕨（Phymatopteris dactylina）、掌叶线蕨（Colysis digitata）。     

中国铁角蕨科铁角蕨属一新记录杂交种——东方铁角蕨

该研究报道了采自山东省泰安市泰山的铁角蕨科铁角蕨属一中国新记录植物——东方铁角蕨(Asplenium×akaishiense Otsuka),并对其形态特征进行了描述。该物种形态介于过山蕨(A. ruprechtii Sa. Kurata)与细茎铁角蕨(A. tenuicaule Hayata)之间,可能是二者的自然杂交种。     

铁角蕨属4种植物配子体发育的比较研究

以腐叶土为基质培养铁角蕨(Asplenium trichomanes L.)、阿尔泰铁角蕨[A.altajense(Kom.)Grubov]、假大羽铁角蕨(A.pseudolaserpitii folium Ching)和细裂铁角蕨(A.tenui folium D.Don)的孢子,用光学显微镜观察并比较它们的配子体发育过程,以期为铁角蕨属的系统学研究提供基础资料.结果显示,4种铁角蕨属植物配子体均具有:孢子两面型、单裂缝、周壁具褶皱、书带蕨型萌发,成熟原叶体心形,原叶体具有毛状体等共同特征,表明铁角蕨属的演化处于较进化的系统位置,但它们的毛状体形态和细胞数目明显不同,可为属内分系提供依据.研究发现,4种铁角蕨属植物配子体的边缘细胞形状以及假根的形态和数量均有差异,其叶绿体能象单细胞一样进行无丝分裂,强光照射下叶绿体向相邻细胞的侧壁集中等现象.     

云南铁角蕨与泸山铁角蕨的关系:来自叶绿体rbcL、trnL-F和rps4-trnS序列的证据

云南铁角蕨Asplenium yunnanense与泸山铁角蕨Asplenium lushanense的分类是一个悬而未决的问题。本文对云南铁角蕨与泸山铁角蕨及近缘类群的叶绿体rbcL基因和trnL-F、rps4-trnS基因间隔区序列进行PCR扩增和序列分析;并与已经发表的铁角蕨属植物的相应序列进行比较,发现云南铁角蕨与泸山铁角蕨的rbcL基因和trnL-F、rps4-trnS基因间隔区序列之间均未表现出差异,因此叶绿体DNA序列的证据不能将云南铁角蕨与泸山铁角蕨分开,从而从分予系统学方而证明云南铁角蕨与泸山铁角蕨是一对亲缘关系非常近的物种。     

云南蕨类植物区系新记录（Ⅰ）

云南蕨类植物区系新记录（Ⅰ）陆树刚,张光飞（云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明６５００９１）ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＴＯＴＨＥＰＴＥＲＩＤＯＦＬＯＲＡＯＦＹＵＮＮＡＮ（Ⅰ）￥ＬＵＳｈｕ－Ｇａｎｇ;ＺＨＡＮＧＧｕａｎｇ－Ｆｅｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃ...     

The Effect of Rain Forest Canopy Architecture on the Distribution of Epiphytic Ferns (Asplenium spp.) in Sabah, Malaysia

Epiphytic plants are a dominant component of the rain forest canopy biota. They represent a significant proportion of canopy plant biomass and diversity, play a key role in nutrient cycling, and support highly abundant and diverse animal communities. Understanding the factors affecting their distribution in this three-dimensional habitat is consequently of great importance, not least because they may be particularly vulnerable to climate change and habitat conversion. Here we investigate how canopy architecture affects the distribution of two species of bird's nest fern ( Asplenium spp.) in pristine rain forest. Both species were found at high abundances ( Asplenium phyllitidis : 136/ha, SE ± 31.6, Asplenium nidus : 44/ha, SE ± 9.2) and their distributions were differentially affected by canopy architecture. Asplenium phyllitidis was found only at heights < 30 m in areas with a thicker lower canopy layer. Asplenium nidus was found at all heights in the canopy and was associated with emergent trees and areas with an open understory. Larger A. phyllitidis were found higher in the canopy while larger A. nidus were found on trunks and branches with a wider diameter. Asplenium nidus seems adapted to withstand the hot dry conditions in the upper canopy and in gaps, and its size is consequently limited only by the size of its support. Asplenium phyllitidis is dominant in areas that are cooler and damper, and so the growth rate of individuals may be limited by light levels. We discuss possible implications of this partitioning for epiphyte communities in the face of climate change and habitat conversion.
     

New guinea salt fern (Asplenium acrobryum complex): Identity,distribution, and chemical composition of its salt

Fronds of a fern of theAsplenium acrobryum complex were traditionally used as a source of salt in the inland areas of Papua New Guinea. All previously published reports of the use of fern salt in the botanical and ethnobotanical literature had erroneously identified the species involved asAsplenium nidus, one of the common bird’s-nest ferns. A chemical analysis of the salts contained in the ash of the salt fern as well as those species related toAsplenium nidus revealed that the bulk of the inorganic component was potassium, calcium and chloride. These results are comparable to those published for the salt-yielding grass,Coix gigantean. There is no obvious chemical reason why onlyAsplenium acrobryum should be used for salt production in preference toAsplenium nidus and related species. In view of the low levels of consumption of such salt it is unlikely that there will be any cases of potassium toxicity attributable to the use of these plants.     

Asplenium (sect. Hymenasplenium) basiscopicum, a new species from Bolivia

Asplenium basiscopicum is described, illustrated, and compared to the most similar species,A. purpurascens.     

中国西南地区铁角蕨科植物叶表皮微形态及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜对12种铁角蕨科植物即大盖铁角蕨、齿果铁角蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、半边铁角蕨、胎生铁角蕨、西南铁角蕨、岭南铁角蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、江南铁角蕨、巢蕨、狭基巢蕨和水鳖蕨植物的叶表皮微形态进行观察比较。结果表明:12种铁角蕨科植物的叶表皮细胞多为不规则型,垂周壁为浅波状、波状或深波状;叶上下表皮均无毛。它们的气孔器类型有7种,为极细胞型、腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、无规则四细胞型,无规则细胞型、横列型和辐射状细胞型。不同种间叶表皮微形态特征表现出一定差异,对属、种的划分有一定分类学意义。对巢蕨属与铁角蕨属、水鳖蕨属与铁角蕨属的亲缘关系进行讨论,为铁角蕨科植物的系统分类研究提供新的资料。     

广东蕨类植物分布新记录

报道7个广东分布新记录种：细羽凤尾蕨、尾头风尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨、阔鳞肋毛蕨、网脉实蕨和海南假瘤蕨。其中细羽凤尾蕨、尾头凤尾蕨、仙霞铁线蕨、雷波铁角蕨为石灰岩上生长种类。     

Genetic variation in small,isolated fern populations

Abstract. Differences in genetic variability of several small, isolated populations of four fern species in a restricted area in the Swiss lowlands reflect differences in breeding system, population size, the degree of population fragmentation, and ecological requirements. The investigated populations of Asplenium septentrionale show only little genetic variability (isozyme variation) without gene flow among populations (based on the banding pattern of multi-locus phenotypes), and they persist for long periods despite the small population sizes. In Asplenium ruta-muraria, genetic variability is correlated with age. Young populations show no genetic variation, while old populations show some. All individuals of Polypodium vulgare investigated, either epiphytic or epilithic, share exactly the same enzyme phenotype. The results for these three species can be related to predominance of inbreeding, lack of inbreeding depression, polyploidy, long-distance dispersal, production of large amounts of diaspores, single-spore colonization, and perennial life cycles. Genetic variability in these three species does not seem to be absolutely necessary for the maintenance of their populations. Ecological and demographic factors are considered to be more important. An isolated, glacial relict population of diploid Asplenium viride shows high variability in two out of eight enzyme systems, which may be due to prevailing outbreeding. We discuss aspects of the importance of genetics and life history for conservation biology.