利用核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)探讨广义羽藓科系统发育

利用核核糖体DNA ITS序列,探讨了苔藓植物广义羽藓科的系统发育,摸索出适于扩增ITS片段的最适反应条件。实验共得到广义羽藓科6个种的ITS序列,它们分别是：Abieti-nela abietina(AJ417494),Anomodon minar(AJ344145),Chaopodium aciculum(AJ315968),Tuidium pristocalyx(AJ416443),Thuidium assimile(AJ416442),Herpetineuron toccoae(AJ315967),其中后5个种是国际上首次得到的。本文利用ITS序列构建羽藓科7属、11种植物的系统发育树,据Bootstrap严格一致树表明：广义的羽藓科为并系发育,可分为两个主要的分支,牛舌藓属Anomodon,羊角藓属Herpetineuron和多枝藓属Happohymenium等为一支,而山羽藓属Abietinella,羽藓属Thuuidium,沼羽藓属Helodium和麻羽藓属Claopodium等为另一主要分支,从分子水平上支持了据形态特征把原牛舌藓亚科的牛舌藓属,羊角藓属,多枝藓属提升为牛舌藓科的结论。     

中国青藓科研究资料(Ⅱ)

根据Jos．Giraldi 1890至1896年在中国陕西省采集的青藓属标本13份,1896至1898年Carolo Mueller发表了青藓属的13个新种。笔者向佛罗伦萨大学植物标本馆借阅了上述类群的标本,其中主模式标本9份,等模式标本3份和由C.Mueller鉴定的标本1份。经过对这些标本逐一鉴定并进行形态性状的测量,本文订正了部分学名,提出了3个新异名,1个新组合。     

华南地区羽枝藓属（平藓科）和凋叶藓属（薄齿藓科）植物研究

本文研究了华南地区羽枝藓属（Ｐｉｎｎａｔｅｌｌａ）和凋叶藓属（Ｃａｄｕｃｉｅｌｌａ）植物．简要讨论了羽枝藓属和凋叶藓属的系统位置．确认华南地区产羽枝藓属４种,即爪哇羽枝藓（Ｐ．ａｎｂｉｇｕａ）、纤细羽枝藓（Ｐ．ａｎａｃａｍｐｔｏｌｅｐｉｓ）、嵌边羽枝藓（Ｐ．ｉｎｔｒａｌｉｍｂａｔａ）和东亚羽枝藓（Ｐ．ｍａｋｉｎｏｉ）,凋叶藓２种,即广东凋叶藓（Ｃ．ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）和凋叶藓（Ｃ．ｍａｒｉｅｉ）．其中爪哇羽枝藓为广东、贵州、海南岛之新记录,纤细羽枝藓为中国大陆（广东、广西）和海南岛之新记录,东亚羽枝藓为福建、广西和海南岛之新记录,广东调叶藓为海南岛之新记录,暂将Ｐ．ａｌｏｐｅｃｕｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ处理为存疑种。本文还包括分种检索表、各种的简要识别特征、产地及生境资料．     

景宁畲族自治县苔藓植物物种多样性及区系特征

通过对采自于景宁畲族自治县的2331份苔藓植物的鉴定研究,发现该县有苔藓植物80科194属451种(包括种以下分类单位),其中包括浙江省新记录属2个,分别是疣毛藓属(Leratia Broth.)和拟小锦藓属(Hageniella Broth.),浙江省新记录种30个。该区系优势科主要包括青藓科(Brachytheciaceae,34种)、灰藓科(Hypnaceae,23种)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae,22种)和提灯藓科(Mniaceae,22种)等16个,优势属主要包括羽苔属[Plagiochila(Dumort.) Dumort.,14种]、青藓属(Brachythecium Bruch & Schimp.,14种)、凤尾藓属(Fissidens Hedw.,13种)、灰藓属(Hypnum Hedw.,11种)和耳叶苔属(Frullania Raddi,10种)等25个;单种属和寡种属较多,但特有现象不明显;土石生、土生和树生群落为主,水生群落较为稀少;区系主体由东亚分布成分、热带分布成分和温带分布成组成主体,呈现出明显的东亚色彩和热带向温带过度的特点。研究旨在摸清景宁畲族自治县苔藓植物本底资源,为该地区苔藓植物的保护和合理利用提供科学依据,同时以期能够为浙江省乃至中国苔藓植物研究提供基础资料。     

安徽省苔藓植物名录

物种名录是一个地区生物多样性的本底性资料, 及时更新生物物种名录对生物多样性的保护及促进基础数据共享都具有重要意义。为了及时总结安徽省苔藓植物的分类学研究成果, 本文通过对文献的收集和分析, 整理出安徽省苔藓植物名录。结果显示, 安徽省共有苔藓植物95科253属777种, 其中角苔类3科3属3种, 苔类36科62属185种, 藓类56科188属589种。种数多于25的科为青藓科、细鳞苔科、丛藓科、真藓科、灰藓科、提灯藓科、白发藓科、绢藓科和蔓藓科。种数多于15的属为青藓属(Brachythecium)、真藓属(Bryum)、绢藓属(Entodon)、光萼苔属(Porella)、羽苔属(Plagiochila)、灰藓属(Hypnum)、凤尾藓属(Fissidens)、棉藓属(Plagiothecium)和耳叶苔属(Frullania)。区系成分组成上, 安徽苔藓植物以东亚成分占优势, 达到44.40%, 温带成分占31.53% (其中以北温带型最多, 占25.61%), 热带成分占18.92% (其中以热带亚洲成分最多, 达到10.30%)。安徽省共有中国特有苔藓55种, 濒危种1个, 易危种8个。安徽苔藓植物调查呈现出地区不均衡性, 建议在广泛调查的同时加强名录修订和专科专属研究, 对有条件的地区开展时空变化下物种多样性比较研究。     

刺藓科在贵州的发现

刺藓科 ( Rhachitheciaceae)为 Robinson1 964年从木灵藓科 ( Orthotrichaceae)中分出来的 1个小科。现知全世界有 7属和 1 5种 ,除刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)外 ,均为热带 ,亚热带分布狭窄的属种 ,刺藓科在中国仅刺藓属 1种 ,分布于云南和四川。描述了首次采自贵州刺藓科的种类刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)以及刺藓科的形态特征。     

陕西天华山自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究

根据调查和参考有关文献,对陕西天华山自然保护区苔藓植物区系进行了初步分析,结果表明：种类丰富,本区共有苔藓植物46科95属180种（包括种下类群）。其中苔类植物14科18属37种。藓类植物32科77属143种;优势科为青藓科、提灯藓科、丛藓科、羽藓科、真藓科、绢藓科和灰藓科,优势属为提灯藓属、真藓属、青藓属、光萼苔属、绢藓属、灰藓属、凤尾藓属、丛本藓属、缩叶藓属、羽藓属和仙鹤藓属;地理成分复杂、多样。区系联系广泛;种的地理成分统计分析表明。温带成分占绝对优势。热带成分也占有一定比例,反映了本区苔藓植物区系的热带亲缘性;东亚成分也占有重要地位,有42种,其中中国-日本分布有15种;中国特有种有16种,中国特有分布中以西南区系成分为主。本区苔藓植物区系隶属于华中地区,但兼有多种成分。体现本区苔藓植物区系的南北过渡特征。     

中国青藓科植物分类学修订(Ⅱ):燕尾藓属

基于燕尾藓属(Bryhnia Kaurin)被处理为狭义青藓属(Brachythecium Schimp.s.str.)的异名,燕尾藓属已不复存在。笔者对原分布于中国的5种燕尾藓属植物进行了相应的分类学修订,结果如下:短尖燕尾藓(B.hultenii E.B.Bartram)、燕尾藓[B.novae-angliae(Sull.Lesq.)Grout]和毛尖燕尾藓(B.trichomitria DixonThér.)被移入狭义青藓属并处理为短尖青藓[Brachythecium hultenii(E.B.Bartram)Min LiY.F.Wang]、燕尾青藓[B.novae-angliae(Sull.Lesq.)A.Jaeger]和东亚青藓[B.trichomitrium(DixonThér.)Huttunen,Ignatov,Min LiY.F.Wang];短枝燕尾藓(B.brachycladula Cardot)被移入鼠尾藓属(Myuroclada Besch.),并处理为羽枝鼠尾藓[M.longiramea(Müll.Hal.)Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovHuttunen]的异名;密枝燕尾藓[B.serricuspis(Müll Hal.)Y.F.WangR.L.Hu]移入拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovB.C.Tan),并处理为拟异叶藓[P.dumosa(Mitt.)Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovB.C.Tan]的异名。     

云南汤丹铜矿区苔藓植物初步调查

经野外采样及鉴定,发现在云南东川汤丹铜矿分布着6科(丛藓科、真藓科、青藓科、羽藓科、牛毛藓科和绢藓科)16属(扭口藓属、净口藓属、对齿藓属等等)22种苔藓植物,其中59%是丛藓科植物,为优势科。并且这些苔藓植物中有68%是直接生活在布满铜绿的矿岩石上,另外32%是生活在含氧化铜的矿土上。苔藓植物生活型有3种:矮丛集型占68%、高丛集型14%、交织型18%。区系分布类型有7种(东亚和北美分布、中国特有分布、热带亚洲和热带非洲分布、东亚分布、世界分布、热带亚洲分布及北温带分布),以东亚分布为主。未发现经典的铜藓(Copper Mosses)。     

浙江金华北山石生藓类分布与环境关系的排序分析

采用样方法调查了浙江金华北山石生环境30个样点167个样方,共记录86种,其中,丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、青藓科(B rachythec iaceae)、羽藓科(Thu id iaceae)和灰藓科(Hypnaceae)为4个大科,含的种数分别为11、11、10和8种。含种数较多的属为真藓属(Bryum)、凤尾藓属(F issidens)和青藓属(Brachythecium),分别含有7、7和6种。对86种藓类植物分布与环境关系的典范对应分析表明,海拔高度、水分条件和光照强度是影响金华北山石生藓类分布的主要环境因素。海拔决定藓类植被的类型,进而影响光照、岩表温度和水分条件。石面光洁度对石生藓类分布也有一定的影响,而石面坡度与其分布没有显著的相关性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.