利用重组Pichia pastoris生产腺苷甲硫氨酸

为改造甲醇利用型酵母Pichia pastoris来生产腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM,S-adenosylL-methionine）,我们将一个带有SAM合成酶基因的胞内表达质粒转化入Pichia pastoris菌株GS115,经过G418抗性筛选得到一株有两个基因拷贝的转化子。该菌在含有甲醇和甲硫氨酸的培养基中生长5d后,其细胞内的SAM的产量比原始菌株提高了30余倍。对该菌生产SAM的培养基中的碳源与氮源进行了优化,结果显示碳源的控制对该菌SAM产量的影响很大。在试管水平,该菌在含有0.75％的L-methionine并且碳源和有机氮源经过一定程度优化的培养基中,生长6d后SAM产量达到1.58g/L。     

发酵重组Pichia pastoris生产腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究

在5L发酵罐中对高产S腺苷甲硫氨酸的重组Pichia pastoris发酵进行了研究。重组菌在pH5．0生长,然后调为pH6．0积累腺苷甲硫氨酸,在30℃、溶氧5％及流加甲硫氨酸和尿素的条件下培养82h后,产量达4．3g／L。     

利用Pichia pastoris生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的发酵工艺

在摇瓶中考察了重组Pichia pastoris发酵的诱导剂量,L-甲硫氨酸,以及pH对腺苷甲硫氨酸产量的影响.放大到3.7 L发酵罐和30 L发酵罐后,研究了重组细胞的发酵过程变化,对S-腺苷甲硫氨酸初步纯化.摇瓶中优化后的发酵条件是:每天添加1%甲醇诱导,L-甲硫氨酸为50mmol/L,培养基pH 5.0.培养144 h后SAM产量达到2.32 g/L.3.7 L发酵罐中发酵251 h后细胞浓度为120 g/L,SAM总量为15.18 g.放大到30 L发酵罐中,发酵225.5 h后细胞浓度约为120 g/L,SAM总量为145.05 g.纯化后SAM的纯度为93.5%,回收率为84.5%.     

腺苷甲硫氨酸

腺苷甲硫氨酸景沛（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,２０００３１）关键词腺苷甲硫氨酸,ＳＡＭ,肝病治疗１．一般介绍腺苷甲硫氨酸,Ｓ－Ａｄｅｎｏｓｙｌ－Ｌ－Ｍｅｔｈｉｏｎ－ｉｎｅ,常用缩略语为ＳＡＭ或ＡｄｏＭｅｔ。医药商品名有Ｓ－Ａｍｅｔ（Ｃａｓｔｅｊｏｎ...     

微生物转化生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-L-methionine,SAM)是具有广阔市场前景的活性氨基酸,微生物转化法是近年来报道较多的SAM生产方法.综合近年来SAM生产菌株的基因改造和发酵优化方面的进展,从提高SAM合成酶表达和酶活、优化甲醇和甘油的流加方式、改善ATP的生成和L-甲硫氨酸的补料、阻断下游代谢路径等方面,综述了促进SAM合成及其积累的多重策略及机制.最后结合笔者多年研究实践,讨论了微生物转化生产SAM的未来研究方向.     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶反应条件的优化

优化了重组毕赤酵母表达的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶催化L-甲硫氨酸(Met)和ATP合成 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的条件,确定了该酶的最适酶活力检测条件为20mmol/L的L -Met,26mmol/ L的ATP,52mmol/L的MgCl2,300mmol/L的KCl,8mmol/L的还原型谷胱甘肽,100mmol/ L的Tris,反应液pH 8.5,35°C反应 1h,比活力达到23.84U/mg.该酶还可以催化以DL-Met代替L-Met为底物的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成反应,以降低生产成本.     

腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的提取纯化研究

腺苷蛋氨酸具有转甲基、转硫和转氨丙基等重要生理作用,已成为治疗疾病的重要药物。目的：为腺苷蛋氨酸合酶的基因克隆做准备。方法：研究了腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的提取和纯化。腺苷蛋氨酸合酶为胞内酶,其提取需先进行细胞破碎,然后进行盐析和离子交换层析等方法来纯化。酵母的破壁试验考察了研磨、加入有机溶剂和超声波等不同的破碎方法。结果：超声波破碎法最好,得到粗酶液的酶活力为0．934U／ml;经过硫酸铵盐析后,利用离子交换层析法纯化腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶,作出了腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的穿透曲线和洗脱曲线。     

腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的基因及结构研究进展

腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶催化ATP和L-甲硫氨酸合成腺苷甲硫氨酸,在不同生物体和不同组织中腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的存在形式和编码酶的基因都有差别,本文综述了不同生物的腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的基因、酶结构、酶反应动力学及应用前景。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定Pichia pastoris发酵过程中腺苷甲硫氨酸相关的六种物质

建立了用高效液相色谱同时测定Pichia pastoris菌体中腺苷甲硫氨酸及其代谢相关物质(AMP,腺苷,腺嘌呤,SAH).采用Hypersil SCX色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),柱温是30 ℃,流动相是0.5 mol/L甲酸铵(用甲酸调至pH 4.0),流速为2.0 mL/min,检测波长是254 nm.结果表明该方法可以直接从细胞裂解液对六种物质进行分离和定量.该测定方法简便、可靠、准确、灵敏度高,有利于说明Pichia pastoris发酵产腺苷甲硫氨酸过程中的代谢情况.     

重组毕赤酵母发酵生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸培养条件优化

甲醇营养型毕赤酵母生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)是通过其表达的SAM合成酶催化L-甲硫氨酸(L-Met)和ATP反应而合成的。本文采用全合成培养基,在摇瓶上进行了培养条件的优化,确定了接种量、pH、PTM1、PO43-等初步条件。并根据SAM生物合成的特征,重点对其碳、氮源的影响作了进一步的分析优化。结果表明:当CaSO40.465g/L,K2SO49.10g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 7.45g/L,PO43-0.5mol/L情况下,生长阶段,甘油4%、硫酸铵4.00g/L为最佳;诱导表达阶段,L-Met1.0g/L,甘油与甲醇比例为0.5、硫酸铵8.00g/L为最佳。优化后,SAM产量诱导4d后达1.48g/L,诱导5d后可达1.70g/L(131mg/g干细胞),L-Met的转化率可达40.65%,既利于工艺放大又便于产品的分离纯化。     

强化表达SAM合成酶促进SAM在毕赤酵母中累积

S 腺苷甲硫氨酸 (S adenosyl L methionine ,SAM)是生物体硫代谢的重要中间代谢物质 ,在体内起着转甲基、转硫基、转氨丙基的作用 ,具有重要的药用和保健价值。将酿酒酵母来源的SAM合成酶 2基因置于GAP启动子调控下 ,构建胞内组成型表达质粒 ,并电转化至毕赤酵母菌株GS115。经Zeocin抗性和培养筛选到一株高产SAM的重组菌。对重组菌表达工艺的研究表明 ,碳源、氮源、pH和溶解氧对SAM的累积有较大影响。在优化条件下 ,重组细胞培养 3天 ,SAM累积量可达 2 .49g/L。     

L-蛋氨酸及甲醇浓度对毕赤酵母摇瓶发酵生产S-腺苷蛋氨酸的影响

利用甲醇传感器及高效液相色谱检测毕赤酵母摇瓶发酵过程的甲醇浓度及S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)浓度,发现L-蛋氨酸浓度及甲醇浓度对毕赤酵母细胞生长及合成S-腺苷蛋氨酸具有影响,据此对摇瓶发酵过程的L-蛋氨酸浓度及甲醇浓度进行优化。优化结果表明:当L-蛋氨酸浓度为7.5 g/L时,最适于SAM积累,产量达到0.83 g/L;进而利用甲醇传感器对发酵过程的甲醇浓度进行检测及控制,考察不同甲醇浓度对SAM产量的影响,毕赤酵母产SAM的最佳甲醇浓度为15 g/L,在此浓度下SAM的产量达到1.41 g/L,比对照实验增加了21%。     

毕赤酵母发酵产S-腺苷蛋氨酸的甘油-甲醇混合流加策略

在毕赤酵母发酵生产S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)的诱导阶段,以不同甘油-甲醇比例的甘油-甲醇混合培养基进行诱导培养,结果表明以10%(w/v)甘油含量的甘油-甲醇混合培养基进行诱导培养时最有利于SAM的表达,SAM产量达6.09 g/L,比0%甘油含量条件下的SAM产量提高了20.4%。对诱导方式进行优化,先以100%甲醇诱导24 h,然后再连续流加10%(w/v)甘油含量的甘油-甲醇混合培养基,SAM产量可达7.94 g/L,在此基础上,进一步改进诱导方式,SAM产量得到进一步的提高,达到9.80 g/L。     

Recombinant Pichia pastoris overexpressing bioactive phytase

Ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｕｓｉｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｌａｎｉｍａｌｓ,ｐｌａｙｉｎｇｋｅｙｒｏｌｅｓｉｎｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｖｉｔａｌｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｐａｔｈｗａｙｓ.Ｕｐｔｏ80%ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｕｓｉｎｆｅｅｄｓｔｕｆｆｓｏｆｐｌａｎｔｏｒｉｇｉｎｉｓｔｈｅｐｈｙｔａｔｅｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｕｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｐｏｏｒｌｙａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｔｏｍｏｎｏｇａｓｔｒｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｄｕｅｔｏｔ…     

Microscale Perfusion-Based Cultivation for Pichia pastoris Clone Screening Enables Accelerated and Optimized Recombinant Protein Production Processes

Pichia pastoris has emerged in the past years as a promising host for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. In the establishment of high cell density fed-batch biomanufacturing, screening phase and early bioprocess development (based on microplates and shake flasks) still represent a bottleneck due to high-cost and time-consuming procedures as well as low experiment complexity. In the present work, a screening protocol developed for P. pastoris clone selection is implemented in a multiplexed microfluidic device with 15 μL cultivation chambers able to operate in perfusion mode and monitor dissolved oxygen content in the culture in a non-invasive way. The setup allowed us to establish carbon-limited conditions and evaluate strain responses to different input variables. Results from micro-scale perfusion cultures are then compared with 1L fed-batch fermentation. The best producer in terms of titer and productivity is rapidly identified after 12 h from inoculation and the results confirmed by lab-scale fermentation. Moreover, the physiological analyses of the strains under different conditions suggested how more complex experimental conditions are achievable despite the relatively easy, straight-forward, and cost-effective experimental setup. Implementation and standardization of these micro-scale protocols could reduce the demand for lab-scale bioreactor cultivations thus accelerating the development of protein production processes.     

Recombinant production of the human aquaporins in the yeast Pichia pastoris (Invited Review)

Abstract

Aquaporins are water facilitating proteins embedded in the cellular membranes. Such channels have been identified in almost every living organism – including humans. These proteins are vital molecules and their malfunction can lead to several severe disorders and diseases. Hence, an increased understanding of their structure, function and regulation is of the utmost importance for developing current and future drugs. Heading towards this goal, the first problem to overcome is to acquire the proteins in sufficient amounts to enable functional and structural characterization. Using a suitable host organism, large amounts of target molecules can possibly be produced, but for membrane proteins limitations are frequently encountered. In the work described here, we have produced the 13 human aquaporins (hAQPs) in one of the most successful hosts for recombinant overproduction of eukaryotic proteins; the yeast Pichia pastoris, in order to explore the underlying bottleneck to a successful membrane protein production experiment. Here we present exceptional yield of hAQP1, whereas some other hAQPs were below the threshold needed for scaled up production. In the overproduction process, we have established methods for efficient production screening as well as for accurate determination of the initial production yield. Furthermore, we have optimized the yield of low producing targets, enabling studies of proteins previously out of reach, exemplified with hAQP4 as well as the homologue PfAQP. Taken together, our results. present insight into factors directing high production of eukaryotic membrane proteins together with suggestions on ways to optimize the recombinant production in the yeast P. pastoris.     

Recombinant shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) trypsinogen production in Pichia pastoris

Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) trypsinogen has never been isolated from its natural source. To assess the production of L. vannamei trypsinogen, we engineered Pichia pastoris strains and evaluated two culture approaches with three induction culture media, to produce recombinant shrimp trypsinogen for the first time. The trypsinogen II cDNA was fused to the signal sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha mating factor, placed under the control of the P. pastoris AOX1 promoter, and integrated into the genome of P. pastoris host strain GS115. Using standard culture conditions for heterologous gene induction of a GS115 strain in shake flasks, recombinant shrimp trypsinogen was not detected by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis. Growth kinetics revealed a toxicity of recombinant shrimp trypsinogen or its activated form over the cell host. Thus, a different culture approach was tested for the induction step, involving the use of high cell density cultures, a higher frequency of methanol feeding (every 12 h), and a buffered minimal methanol medium supplemented with sorbitol or alanine; alanine supplemented medium was found to be more efficient. After 96 h of induction with alanine supplemented medium, a 29‐kDa band from the cell‐free culture medium was clearly observed by SDS‐PAGE, and confirmed by Western blot to be shrimp trypsinogen, at a concentration of 14 μg/mL. Our results demonstrate that high density cell cultures with alanine in the induction medium allow the production of recombinant shrimp trypsinogen using the P. pastoris expression system, because of improved cell viability and greater stability of the recombinant trypsinogen. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

毕赤酵母表达重组人白细胞介素11的纯化与鉴定

报道了毕赤酵母表达人白细胞介素11的下游工艺研究,并对其产物进行了分析鉴定。所用工艺流程为离心收集上清、超滤浓缩脱盐、离子交换层析、疏水层析、凝胶过滤。所得产物经SDSPAGE电泳、RPHPLC分析、N端和C端序列分析、质谱、等电点分析和生物学活性分析,结果表明：产品纯度大于97%,结构和性质与E.coli融合表达的Neumega完全一致。     

中性内切型纤维素酶在毕赤酵母中高水平表达的研究

中性内切型纤维素酶在纺织及造纸工业具有重要的应用,为了进一步提高从我国草菇中克隆的一种新的中性内切型纤维素酶(EG1)在Pichiapastoris中的表达水平,我们进行了提高基因拷贝数及高密度发酵等多种手段实现其高水平表达的研究。在前期研究的基础上,利用对已整合eg1的重组子再转化的方法,从含有2000μgLZeocin的YPDSZ平板上筛选到高抗Zeocin转化子,在摇瓶培养条件下,该转化子表达量比原来提高了3.8倍,在pH4～8条件下均有稳定表达,接种量(OD600=5.0)表达水平最好,提高甲醇的诱导浓度对表达有显著的促进作用。用3.2L发酵罐进行了高密度发酵,甲醇诱导95.5h后达到最高值,比摇瓶培养再提高了6.4倍,因此利用高抗Zeocin转化子及高密度发酵的手段,使EG1的表达水平提高了34倍,蛋白表达量达8.80mgmL,EG1酶活达到543.36IUmL,实现了中性内切纤维素酶的高水平表达,本研究将大大促进建立我国纺织用纤维素酶大规模高效生产技术。