阿片肽对人早期胎盘基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9的调节作用

采用胎盘绒毛组织体外孵育模型,观察了胎盘阿片肽对人早期胎盘滋养层组织基质金属蛋白酶－２和－９活力的调节。结果表明,β－内啡肽（１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和强啡肽（１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可以显著地抑制体外孵育的人早期胎盘滋养层组织中这两种金属蛋白酶的活力,且其抑制效应 洛酮（１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）所阻 断;甲硫氨酸脑啡肽在１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时显著提高二种基质金属２蛋白酶的活力,而在１０＾－８￣１０＾     

缺氧时培养的心内膜内皮细胞内皮素自分泌调节的探讨

本实验观察缺氧对心内膜内皮细胞（ＥＥＣ）内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）分泌的影响。传代培养的新生小牛右心室ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１免疫组织化学显色强阳性。采用放免测定发现ＥＥＣ可向培养液中分泌ＥＴ－１,其分泌速度与细胞密度呈线性负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４２,Ｐ＜０．００１）,与温育时间呈指数负相关（ｒ＝－０．９９８,Ｐ＜０．００１）。０％Ｏ２缺氧６～１２ｈ后,ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌约增加１倍（Ｐ＜０．００１）。无论在常氧还是缺氧情况下,硝普钠抑制ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌,而ＮＯ合酶抑制剂ＬＮＡ则促进ＥＴ－１分泌。上述结果表明：ＥＥＣ可能通过分泌ＥＴ－１调节心脏功能,内源性ＮＯ抑制ＥＴ－１分泌;缺氧可能显著影响ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌     

γ—氨基丁酸（GABA）对离体大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞孕酮分泌的影响

本文观察了ＧＡＢＡ对大鼠分散颗粒细胞生孕酮的影响。结果表明：当ＧＡＢＡ浓度为１０＾－＾６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时明显促进颗粒细胞基础孕酮分泌（Ｐ＜０．０５）。但更高浓度（１０＾－＾５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时则表现抑制ＨＣＧ刺激孕酮生成的效应（Ｐ＜０．０２）。提示颗粒细胞的激素分泌功能可能受到ＧＡＢＡ的调控。     

促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素对人早期胎盘组织绒毛膜促性腺激素释放 …

为探讨人早期胎盘组织产生的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＨ）的生物学作用及其绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）合成和释放的调控机制,在人早期胎盘组织体外孵育模型上研究了ＣＲＨ及其拮抗剂（α－ＨｅｌｉｃａｌＣＲＦ９－４１）对ｈＣＧ基础分泌和由ＧｎＲＨ刺激的ｈＣＧ分泌的影响。结果表明,１０＾－１０￣１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的外源性ＣＲＨ可明显抑制ｈＣＧ的基础释放,而以１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ作用最显著;加入１０＾＝－     

一种与受精有关的人精子膜蛋白（BS－17）的分离纯化

本文用盐分级分离,ＭｏｎｏＱＦＰＬＣ及ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）等方法从人精子ＣＨＡＰＳ抽提液中分离纯化出一种与不育病人血清中抗精子抗体发生特异反应的ＢＳ－１７人精子膜蛋白。该蛋白为一糖蛋白,分子量为１７．５５±２．１５ｋＤ,等电点为５．６５,中性己糖含量为１６．６７％。在人精子上主要分布于顶体区域,不同于已有报导的人精子膜蛋白。在体外实验中抗ＢＳ－１７多克隆血清可以显著影响人精子的获能（ｐ＜０．０２５）和对去透明带仓鼠卵的穿透（ｐ＜０．００５）,但不影响人精子运动性及与去透明酯酸带仓鼠卵的结合。小鼠体内被动免疫实验结果证明抗ＢＳ－１７多抗血清具有明显地抑制受精的功能（ｐ＜０．００１）。     

原癌基因c-myb在体外孕酮诱导小鼠卵母细胞成熟中的作用

目的：本文采用体外培养技术观察原癌基因c-myb对孕酮诱导的生发泡（GV）期小鼠裸卵体外成熟的影响。方法：建立小鼠裸卵体外培养模型,用不同浓度反义C-myb寡脱氧核苷酸（c-myb ASODNs）与GV期小鼠裸卵共孵育观察其对孕酮诱导的小鼠裸卵体外成熟的影响并探讨其机制。结果：在M199培养液中体外培养GV期小鼠裸卵24h,10μmol／L孕酮组与5μmol／L孕酮组比较有显著性差别（2 h GVBD％ P〈0.05,8 h PBI％ P〈0.05）．与20μmol／L孕酮组比较无显著性差别。10μmol／L c-myb AFODNs能抑制孕酮（10μmol／L）诱导的小鼠裸卵体外成熟（2 h GVBD％ P〈0.05,8 h PBI％ P〈0.01）。1×10^-4μmol／L dbcAMP、10μg／ml肝素钠可分别单独抑制孕酮诱导的GV期小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟（2 h GVBD％均P〈0.01,8 h PBI％均P〈0.01）．也可和反义c-myb ODN协同抑制孕酮诱导的卵母细胞体外成熟（2 h GVBD％均P〈0.01,8 h PBI％均P〈0.01）。结论：孕酮、原癌基因c-myb和cAMP、Ca^2＋参与了GV期小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟,孕酮、cAMP和Ca^2＋调控卵母细胞成熟的机理可能与原癌基因c-myb表达有关。     

肿瘤坏死因子对人滋养层干扰素α分泌的影响

目的和方法：本文采用人妊娠６～８周胎盘组织块的体外培养方法,通过检测干扰素免疫活性和抗病毒活性研究肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）对人滋养层干扰素（ＩＦＮ）分泌的影响。结果：ＴＮＦα可显著促进人滋养层ＩＦＮα的分泌,并呈剂量和时间依赖关系。同时各浓度的ＴＮＦα还可促进βＨＣＧ的分泌,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系。此外,我们还证明ＩＮＦα可显著抑制人滋养层细胞的生长,而ＴＮＦα则无明显作用。结论：ＴＮＦα可通过促进人滋养层干素α和βＨＣＧ的分泌,从而影响人胎盘的功能活动     

tPA, uPA, PAI-1和 PAI-2在人和恒河猴胎盘中的原位杂交和荧光免疫定位(英文)

用原位杂交和荧光免疫定位方法研究了组织型（ｔ）和尿激酶型（ｕ）纤溶酶原激活因子ｔＰＡ、ｕＰＡ和相应的抑制因子ＰＡＩ－１、ＰＡＩ－２在人和恒河猴胎盘中的定位和分布。结果表明：（１）激活因子ｔＰＡ、ｕＰＡ（Ｆｉｇ．１＆４）和抑制因子ＰＡＩ－１（Ｆｉｇ．２）、ＰＡＩ－２（Ｆｉｇ．３）一般都在不同程度上定位于两者胎盘的相同部位;（２）它们主要分布在绒毛干和蜕膜的血管壁、 ＲＯｈｒ’ｓ和Ｎｉｔａｂｕｃｈ’ｓ纹间的基盘外绒毛滋养层细胞、滋养壳、蜕膜细胞和腺体细胞。并且发现;ｔＰＡ和它的抑制因子ＰＡＩ－１更明显地定位于邻近母体组织离层界面的区域,而ｕＰＡ和抑制因子ＰＡＩ－１更集中在绒毛滋养层和外绒毛滋养细胞中;（３）激活因子和抑制因子的ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白的定位和分布基本上一致,但是、在绒毛核体滋养层细胞上未发现其ｍＲＮＡ表达,却有很强的免疫荧光的分布;（４）激活因子和抑制因子合成和分布部位与其作用底物,即纤蛋白类分子的产生部位一致;（５）未发现上述分子在人和恒河猴胎盘分布上的不同。上述实验结果说明,在妊娠的各个阶段 ＰＡ和它的抑制因子协同表达,局限在作用范围很小的特定产生底物的区域。它们的相互作用可能是维持正常妊娠所必需。在妊     

内皮素—1对大鼠排卵前卵泡颗粒细胞产生孕酮的影响

本文用离体细胞体外孵育法研究了内皮素－１（ＥＴ）对大鼠排卵前卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮生成的影响及其作用机理。结果发现,ＥＴ能显著抑制ｈＣＧ刺激下的孕酮产生,抑制作用在浓度为１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,即有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５,ｎ＝６）,至１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时则有非常显著的意义（Ｐ＜０．０１,ｎ＝６）;不同浓度ＥＴ（１０－７—１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,对颗粒细胞基础孕酮的产生无明显影响。进一步研究表明,ＥＴ对ｈＣＧ刺激下孕酮生成的抑制作用,在用免抗人内皮素抗血清（ＥＴ－Ａ）１：１０００及ｃＡＭＰ后能明显被逆转。实验中还观察到,ＥＴ使颗粒细胞ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ受体数下降,亲和力降低。本文结果提示,ＥＴ可能为卵巢内的一种局部调节肽,通过作用于ＥＴ受体,干扰ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ受体功能和ｃＡＭＰ生成而抑制颗粒细胞孕酮的产生。     

缺氧对培养的肺动脉内皮细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ分泌的影响

缺氧是否通过影响血管内皮细胞的分泌功能而参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发生尚不清楚。本实验动态观察了缺氧对培养的新生小牛内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）的血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）分泌的影响。结果发现：２．５％Ｏ２缺氧早期（１．５ｈ）,ＰＡＥＣ的ＡＴⅡ分泌增加（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组）,缺氧后期与常氧组无明显差别;０％Ｏ２缺氧早期（１．５－６ｈ）,ＡＴⅡ分泌明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组及２．５％Ｏ２组）,后期ＡＴⅡ分泌明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组及２．５％Ｏ２组）;无论缺氧还是常氧条件下,ＮＯ供体ＳＩＮ１显著抑制ＡＴⅡ的分泌（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而内源性ＮＯ抑制剂硝基精氨酸则明显促进ＡＴⅡ分泌（Ｐ＜０．０１）;０％Ｏ２缺氧２４ｈ后,ＰＡＥＣ细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述结果表明缺氧可通过抑制ＰＡＥＣ的内源性ＮＯ产生而促进ＡＴⅡ的分泌,ＰＡＥＣ自分泌的改变可能参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发生过程。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.