以Ⅳ型胶原酶为靶点的细胞内表达单链抗体的抗肿瘤作用

Ⅳ型胶原酶(包括MMP-2和MMP-9)与肿瘤的侵袭转移和恶性进展密切相关. 通过构建可在真核细胞内质网表达抗Ⅳ型胶原酶scFv M97抗体基因的真核表达载体, 应用脂质体LipofectAMINE法对人高转移性肺巨细胞癌PG细胞系进行基因治疗. 研究结果表明, 细胞内表达scFv M97对PG细胞Ⅳ型胶原酶分泌、PG细胞生长及体外侵袭能力具有显著的抑制作用, 并能明显降低PG细胞裸鼠体内成瘤性, 延长动物存活时间. 以上结果提示胞内抗体技术可以在蛋白加工、分泌这一关键步骤从根本上抑制Ⅳ型胶原酶的活性, 在肿瘤基因治疗中具有重要的应用前景.     

丙型肝炎病毒包膜蛋白E2可溶性单链可变区抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用分子生物学技术,构建表达丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）包膜蛋白E2的人源单链可变区抗体（ScFv)的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌JM109中表达可溶性的HCV－E2－ScFv。以重组的HCV E2蛋白为包被抗原,利用噬菌体抗体库的表面展示技术,筛选含有HCV－E2－ScFv基因的噬菌体克隆,从噬菌体抗体阳性克隆中提取质粒,经Ncol/NotⅠ酶切鉴定后,该ScFv基因由750bp组成,将菜亚克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109,在其培养上清中获得了可溶性HCV E2单链可变区抗体的表达。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）证实表达的HCV－E2－ScFv进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）,证实表达的HCV－E2－ScFv的分子量为28KD,为应用HCV－E2－ScFv进行肝组织免疫组织化学和细胞内免疫基因治疗研究奠定了基础。     

抗TNF-α单链抗体的表达及其纯化

克隆抗人肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)鼠源单抗的可变区基因以构建其单链抗体(ScFv)表达载体,实现在大肠杆菌的表达,并进行ScFv的可溶性纯化与鉴定。采用RT-PCR技术,以前导肽序列的引物从1个分泌抗人TNF-α的鼠单抗杂交瘤细胞系中克隆抗体轻链、重链可变区基因(VL,VH),构建ScFv基因,将ScFv基因片段与pGEX-4T-1表达载体连接,在大肠杆菌中表达并采用十二烷基肌氨酸钠(Sarkosyl)进行可溶性纯化,最后鉴定其生物活性。结果显示,得到了功能性重排的轻、重链可变区基因,分别构建了VH和VL不同连接顺序的HLL(VH-Linker-VL)和LLH(VL-Linker-VH)两种ScFv,LLH的表达量较HLL的高,但亲和力不及HLL。采用Sarkosyl溶解包涵体,对目的蛋白进行可溶性纯化,蛋白纯度达到90%,纯化后的蛋白经ELISA和WB证明ScFv维持了亲本抗体与TNF-α特异性结合的能力,且具有细胞毒中和活性。实验中研究探索了一种新颖的,操作简单,省时的裂解、纯化方案,实现了单链抗体经原核系统的表达后得以可溶性纯化。     

丙型肝炎病毒包膜蛋白E2可溶性单链可变区抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用分子生物学技术,构建表达丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)包膜蛋白E2的人源单链可变区抗体(ScFv)的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌JM109中表达可溶性的HCV-E2-ScFv.以重组的HCVE2蛋白为包被抗原,利用噬菌体抗体库的表面展示技术,筛选到含有HCV-E2-ScFv基因的噬菌体克隆,从噬菌体抗体阳性克隆中提取质粒,经Ncol/NotI酶切鉴定后,该ScFv基因由750bp组成,将其亚克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109,提取质粒进行DNA序列测定,符合ScFv的基因结构特点.IPTG诱导转化的大肠杆菌JM109,在其培养上清中获得了可溶性HCVE2单链可变区抗体的表达.酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)证实表达的HCV-E2-ScFv具有与重组HCVE2蛋白的反应活性和特异性,对转化的JM109大肠杆菌上清中表述的HCV-E2-ScFv进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE),证实表达的HCV-E2-ScFv的分子量为28kD.为应用HCV-E2-ScFv进行肝组织免疫组织化学和细胞内免疫基因治疗研究奠定了基础.     

胞内抗体技术及医学应用

胞内抗体技术是近年来随抗体工程技术发展起来的一项新型基因治疗方法．它将单链抗体表达于非淋巴细胞内,并使之定向分布于细胞核、细胞浆或内质网等部位,特异性阻断、干扰分布于该部位的大分子物质生物活性或加工分泌过程．实验证明该技术能抑制生长因子受体的表达,灭活原癌基因蛋白,抑制病毒复制．在生物科学及医学研究中具有很大应用潜力．     

携带白介素-18基因的人脐带间充质干细胞的构建及其意义(英文)

目的:构建携带白介素-18(IL-18)基因人脐带间充质干细胞(hUMSCs),为肿瘤靶向性基因治疗研究提供一种工具。方法:体外分离培养hUMSCs,流式细胞仪(FACS)检测hUMSCs的细胞免疫表型。应用基因重组技术将表达IL-18基因的慢病毒转染至hUMSCs,利用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测IL-18的蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果:成功在体外分离和培养了hUMSCs,流式细胞仪检测结果显示hUMSCs表达CD29、CD44和CD105,而不表达CD34和CD45,符合hUMSCs的表型。成功构建携带IL-18基因的hUMSCs,RT-PCR及Western blot法检测结果提示IL-18基因转染至hUMSCs并能稳定表达。结论:构建携带IL-18基因的hUMSCs并稳定表达IL-18,为肿瘤靶向性基因治疗实验性研究提供了一种新实验工具。     

携带白介素-18基因的人脐带间充质干细胞的构建及其意义

目的：构建携带白介素-18（IL-18）基因人脐带间充质干细胞（hUMSCs）,为肿瘤靶向性基因治疗研究提供一种工具。方法：体外分离培养hUMSCs,流式细胞仪（FACS）检测hUMSCs 的细胞免疫表型。应用基因重组技术将表达IL-18 基因的慢病毒转染至hUMSCs,利用RT-PCR 及Western blot 法检测IL-18 的蛋白mRNA表达水平。结果：成功在体外分离和培养了hUMSCs,流式细胞仪检测结果显示hUMSCs 表达CD29、CD44 和CD105,而不表达CD34 和CD45, 符合hUMSCs 的表型。成功构建携带IL-18 基因的hUMSCs,RT-PCR 及Western blot法检测结果提示IL-18基因转染至hUMSCs并能稳定表达。结论：构建携带IL-18基因的hUMSCs并稳定表达IL-18,为肿瘤靶向性基因治疗实验性研究提供了一种新实验工具。     

人源天然抗TNF-α ScFv抗体的筛选及性质分析

目的以人肿瘤坏死因子(human tumour necrosis factor-α,human TNF-α)为靶抗原,从构建好的人源天然单链抗体(single-chain antibody fragment,ScFv)噬菌体抗体库中筛选对应的ScFv抗体,验证其中和活性后测定动力学常数(kinetic dissociation,KD)。方法以TNF-α梯度稀释后包被免疫管,对人源天然ScFv噬菌体抗体库进行3轮吸附-洗脱-扩增的富集筛选,制备TNF-α单克隆噬菌体抗体颗粒,经ELISA试验筛选阳性克隆后测序并分析;将正确的阳性抗体序列亚克隆到pET-26b表达载体上,原核表达后用Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow介质进行纯化;用MTT比色法对筛选的ScFv进行中和活性验证,并测定其中和抗体的KD。结果通过3轮筛选共得到18个正确的抗体氨基酸序列,对其原核表达及纯化后得到的6株可溶性表达的抗TNF-αScFv进行中和活性验证,并对其中有中和活性的4株ScFv抗体测定KD。结论从人源天然ScFv噬菌体抗体库中成功地筛选出4株抗人TNF-α的ScFv中和抗体,其中1株ScFv抗体的KD为4.80×10~(-8),细胞毒中和率达到48.9%,达到了药用级抗人TNF-α中和抗体的研发要求,为全分子抗体药物的构建及稳定细胞株的筛选奠定了一定的基础。     

人源天然ScFv噬菌体抗体库的构建及鉴定

噬菌体抗体库技术是获得治疗性抗体的一条重要途径。以20份健康人外周血为样本,通过提取淋巴细胞、逆转录－PCR（RT PCR）、抗体可变区基因的扩增、重叠PCR获得单链抗体（ScFv）基因,将ScFv克隆入噬粒载体,通过近300次的电转化获得了库容量为1.3×109的全人源天然ScFv噬菌体抗体库。通过随机挑克隆测序和用5种不同抗原筛选对抗体库进行了初步验证。随机测序表明抗体库具有较好的多样性,用5种不同抗原对其进行筛选,均获得了特异性噬菌体抗体的不同富集,表明成功构建了一个多样性良好的人源天然ScFv噬菌体抗体库。     

核糖体蛋白基因表达与肿瘤的关系

核糖体蛋白是组成核糖体的主要成分,在细胞内蛋白质生物合成中发挥重要作用。近来人们发现,核糖体具有参与DNA修复、细胞发育调控和细胞分化等核糖体外功能。并且在胃癌、结直肠癌、食管癌和肝癌等肿瘤组织中一些核糖体蛋白基因高表达,通过对肿瘤组织中核糖体蛋白基因高表达的深入研究,可以进一步阐明肿瘤发生、发展的机制,了解核糖体蛋白基因高表达在恶性肿瘤中的作用,为肿瘤的基因诊断和基因治疗开辟一个新的研究领域。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.