显色培养基在几种食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用*

用显色培养基鉴定微生物是一种新的微生物快速检测技术,该技术以生化反应为基础,通过在培养基中加入细菌特异性酶的显色底物直接根据菌落颜色对菌种作出鉴定。常见食源性致病菌检测中,李斯特菌显色培养基(BCM^TMListeriamonocytogenes,Rapid’LMONOagar,CHROMagar^TMListeria)、大肠杆菌显色培养基(CHROMagarTMEcoli)、沙门氏菌显色培养基(Rambachagar)、金黄色葡萄球菌显     

口腔念珠菌基因多态性检测

目的检测正常人群口腔念珠菌基因型,以了解口腔念珠菌基因多态性。方法采集162例正常人群口腔样本,用念珠菌显色培养基(CHROM agar)进行菌种分离培养鉴定,用玉米Tween80培养基进行真菌孢子形态学检查鉴定,随机抽取45个菌株样本进行内含子转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer region,ITS)序列检测,并比对同源性,建立进化树,观察菌株进化分支情况。结果分离培养出念珠菌菌株57株(57/162,35.2%),其中白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)36株(36/57,63.1%)。进行ITS序列检测的45个菌株申请GenBank序列注册号为FJ697166-GQ280292。结论正常人群口腔念珠菌基因具有多态性。     

沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、单增李斯特菌选择性共增菌培养基的研制

目的：研制一种对沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、志贺氏菌（Shigella）和单增李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogens）的选择性共增菌培养基（SSSL培养基）。方法：挑选添加成分进行单因素试验,确定SSSL培养基的成分及配比,采用平板计数法验证SSSL培养基的增菌效果。结果：确立了SSSL培养基配方,目标菌在SSSL增菌培养基中培养8 h后,菌体浓度都达到了105~106CFU/mL,而且抑制非目标菌的生长。结论：SSSL培养基能用于沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特菌选择性共增菌,可望与多种检测方法联用,以提高检测率和准确性。     

三种金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基检测效果的比较

本文研究2种国外主流的金葡菌显色培养基和广东环凯微生物科技有限公司生产的PEN-TCF检测金葡菌的效果。通过研究3种产品对多种金葡菌菌株的回收率、最低检出限以及检测人工污染食品的回收率、特异性和抗干扰能力比较其检测效果。结果表明3种培养基的最低检出限相近, 显色培养基A和PEN-TCF的回收率较高, 但抗干扰能力较低; 显色培养基B回收率稍低, 而抗干扰能力较强; PEN-TCF和培养基B的特异性更优于培养基A。     

黑粉虫幼虫肠道细菌的研究

从黑粉虫幼虫肠道环境中分离、纯化、培养,获得5个细菌菌株,对其培养性状、染色反应、菌体形态、生理生化反应等进行了系统研究.鉴定结果表明：上述5个细菌菌株分别属于金杆菌属（Aureobacterium）、李斯特菌属（Listeria）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、莫拉菌属（Moraxella）、短小杆菌属（Curtobacterium）,其中金杆菌属、微杆菌属、短小杆菌属菌也发现于黄粉虫幼虫肠道环境中.通过研究,既可为黑粉虫生产所需微生态制剂提供微生态理论依据,又发掘了微生物资源,丰富了微生物资源库.     

餐饮及相关食品中病原菌活菌多重实时荧光PCR检测方法的研究与开发

为了应对餐饮等食品中病原菌快速检测的需求、研究建立病原菌筛查方法,选取痢疾志贺氏菌（Shigella dysenteriae）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）、产气肠杆菌（Enterobacter aerogenes）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、蜡样芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7（Escherichia coli O157∶H7）、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（Listeria monocytogenes）等9种病原菌开展多重实时荧光PCR方法研究工作。为了节约预增菌时间与提升检测效率,研发了适用于多种病原菌预增菌的通用型培养基,采取高温裂解法提取菌液核酸,利用PMA染料灭活死亡细菌DNA,筛选出活菌DNA,采用多重实时荧光PCR技术检测目标菌,该方法可在16 h内完成检测,对于目标病原菌的检测低限可达103 CFU·mL-1。     

九种单核细胞增生性李斯特菌检测技术效果比较及评价

采用传统生物学方法、显色培养基方法、自制三抗体夹心ELISA试剂盒(TAS-ELISA)、基因组直接PCR(DNA Direct-PCR)、菌裂解直接PCR(Bacterium Direct-PCR)、免疫捕捉PCR(IC-PCR)、生物PCR(Bio-PCR)、SYBR Green染料实时荧光PCR(SYBR Green Real time-PCR)、探针实时荧光PCR(TaqMan Real time-PCR)检测纯菌液及模拟带菌食品中的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)。结果表明:传统生物学培养方法出现假阳性;TAS-ELISA、DNADirect-PCR、Bacterium Direct-PCR、IC-PCR最低检测限分别为106、102、105、104CFU/ml;显色培养基、SYBR Green Real time-PCR灵敏度达102CFU/ml;Bio-PCR、TaqMan Real time-PCR检测灵敏度最高,均为101CFU/ml。显色培养基、TAS-ELISA操作简单,适合大量样品的初检;IC-PCR具有灵敏、特异、快速、经济的优点,特别适合大体积样品中微量病原的检测;Bio-PCR、TaqMan Real time-PCR灵敏度高、特异性好,适合阳性样品的复检以及科研使用。     

应用不同方法检测食品中大肠菌群结果的比较

评价检测食品中大肠菌群不同方法。比较国家标准、行业标准和显色培养基检测方法检测大肠菌群结果的差别。国家标准和行业标准检测结果基本一致,但有差异,应用显色培养基检测大肠菌群优于目前使用的国家标准和出口食品检验行业标准方法。检测食品中大肠菌群,显色培养基检测方法快速、灵敏、特异。     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱在医学真菌领域的应用进展

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS）是近年来新兴的微生物检测技术,通过核糖体蛋白分析实现对真菌快速、准确鉴定。本文针对MALDI-TOF MS用于致病真菌鉴定、分类、体外抗真菌药物敏感性检测以及临床微生物样本直接检测等方面作一综述。     

显色乳胶凝集试验(WCST)用于沙门氏菌检测和血清型鉴定的对比研究

显色乳胶凝集试验（ＷＣＳＴ）用于沙门氏菌检测和血清型鉴定的对比研究作者对能同时进行沙门氏菌及其血清型检测鉴定的沙门氏菌显色乳胶凝集试验（ＷＣＳＴ）与常规培养方法作了对比研究。乳胶凝集试验方法需用Ｗｅｌｌｏｌｅｘ药盒。该药盒有２种灰棕色试剂,为包被有特...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.