A new genus and a new species of tachinids (Diptera,Tachinidae) from Wrangel Island

Aesia gen. n. with the type species Aesia acerbiana sp. n. is described from Wrangel Island. The new genus belongs to the tribe Blondeliini (as indicated by a short prealar bristle of the mesonotum and by the cerci separated in apical 0.4). It is not similar to any Palaearctic genus of tachinids. In the key to the species of Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies it comes to the genus Eucelatoria but differs from it in having eyes covered with long and dense hairs, the lower facial margin protruding forwards and well visible in lateral view, proboscis with elongate prementum, abdomen of the female not modified, without a keel and piercer. Aesia acerbiana sp. n. was reared from a larva of a tiger moth (Arctiidae), Acerbia alpina Quensel collected in the tundra landscape.     

A new genus and a new species of tachinids (Diptera,Tachinidae) from the south of middle Asia

Ventoplagia gen. n. is described, with the type species Ventoplagia brevirostris sp. n. The frontal bristles extending only to the base of the pedicel, 2+3 dorsocentral bristles, 0+2 intraalar bristles, the absence of prealar bristle, the short and fine anepimeral (pteropleural) bristle, the scutellum without lateral bristles, and the welldeveloped posteroventral bristle of the hind tibia indicate that the new genus belongs to tribe Minthoini. Ventoplagia gen. n. is closely related to the genus Palmonia Kugler. The characters distinguishing these genera are given.     

On Levymanus,a remarkable new spider genus from?Israel,with notes on the Chediminae (Araneae,Palpimanidae)

Levymanus gershomi gen. n. et sp. n., is described from southern Israel. The eye arrangement and structure of the male palp indicate that this genus belongs to Chediminae Simon, 1893. Levymanus gen. n. differs from other chedimine genera by its unusually long and slender legs, an elongate body, a unique shape of the bipartite thoracic fovea, reduced leg scopulae, smaller spinnerets, and other characters, which are presumably apomorphic. We propose two taxonomic changes: 1) based on widely spaced lateral eyes the Western African genus Badia Roewer, 1961 is transferred from Chediminae to Palpimaninae, and 2) Fernandezina gyirongensis Hu & Li, 1987 from China, based on palpal morphology, is transferred to the Asian genus Steriphopus Simon, 1887 for a new combination Steriphopus gyirongensis (Hu & Li, 1987) comb. n.     

A new tribe of the subfamily cretonemonychinae (Coleoptera, Nemonychidae) from the Middle Eocene of the Green River

A new tribe, Eocaenonemonychini trib. nov., and a new genus and new species Eocaenonemonyx kuscheli gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Middle Eocene of the Green River (United States). The new tribe differs from the nominate tribe Cretonemonychini in the open procoxal cavities, very narrow mesocoxae, large mandibles, elongate maxillary palpi, and strongly elongate tarsomere 1.     

A new species of Carex section Ovales (Cyperaceae) occurring in the Ozark Mountain region

Carex ozarkana, a new species from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and extreme northeasternmost Texas is described and illustrated. It is a distinctive regional endemic of mineral soil wetlands most similar to the widespreadCarex albolutescens andC. longii but differing in its elongate, nodding inflorescences (on robust plants), prominently clavate spikes with elongate staminate bases, reddish brown pistillate and staminate scales, and wider achenes with a long apiculum.     

A new genus of Dictyopharidae (Homoptera) from Chile

Chondrophana gen. n. with the type species Cixius gayi Spinola, 1852 (= Chondrodera chilensis Melichar, 1912, syn. n.) is described from Chile. The new genus differs from Chondrodera Melichar in a short head, fully developed intermedial carinae on the metope (clearly not reaching the clypeus in Chondrodera), in the presence of granules on the humeral and pectoral areas of the prothorax and also on the lateral lobes of the metope from the apical callus to the clypeus (in Ch. granicollis, granules and also the intermedial carinae in the lower half of the metope are absent), in multidentate apices of the 1st and 2nd segment of the hind tarsus, in a petiolate ScRM, and in the pterostigma closing the anteroradial area.     

Iranotrichia gen. n., a new genus of Scenopinidae (Diptera) from Iran, with a key to window fly genera of the world

An unusual new genus of Scenopinidae, Iranotrichia gen. n., comprising two newly discovered species (Iranotrichia insolita sp. n. and Iranotrichia nigra sp. n.), is described from Iran. Iranotrichia gen. n. are scenopinine window flies with a habitus reminiscent of certain bee fly genera (Bombyliidae), based on colouration and elongate mouthparts and antennae. The phylogenetic placement of this distinctive new genus is discussed and a dichotomous key to world genera is presented. The genus name Kelseyana nom. n. is proposed to replace Caenoneura Kröber, 1924, which was found to be preoccupied by Thomson (1870: 270) (Hymenoptera) and Kirby (1890: 136) (Odonata).     

A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)

Abstract. The acalypterate family Inbiomyiidae fam.n. (Diptera, Carnoidea) is described for the newly discovered Neotropical genus Inbiomyia gen.n. with its type species I. mcalpineorum sp.n. from Costa Rica. The genus ranges from Guatemala south to French Guiana and Bolivia and includes a total of fourteen undescribed species, ten of which will be described formally in a separate paper. Inbiomyia is distinctive, with characteristic, extremely shortened head with nonfunctional ptilinum and reduced chaetotaxy, shortened first flagellomere with very elongate, dorsoapically inserted arista, proboscis with largely separate labellar lobes that point in different directions, mid tibia lacking apicoventral bristle, unusual fusion of male sternites 5–7, reduced male sternite 8, elongate surstyluslike ventral epandrial lobes, cerci absent in both sexes, extremely truncate female genitalia, and large, extremely flattened eggs. The larva of Inbiomyia and its biology are unknown. Inbiomyia occurs mostly in primary lowland rain forest and often is associated with the decaying foliage of fallen trees. Inbiomyiidae belong in the superfamily Carnoidea. The previously doubtful monophyly of the Carnoidea is accepted tentatively on the basis of newly established synapomorphies of the male genitalia. Family level relationships of the Carnoidea are analysed quantitatively for the first time based on a matrix of fifty‐eight morphological characters. The putative sister group relationship of Inbiomyiidae to the monotypic Australasian family Australimyzidae is supported by several synapomorphies, mostly from the male and female postabdomen. Family status for the Australimyzidae is confirmed, rejecting previous claims of a sister group relationship (or synonymy) with the Carnidae. The analysis also leads to revised hypotheses of the relationships of Cryptochetidae and Acartophthalmidae, and the paraphyly of ‘Tethinidae’ with regard to Canacidae, suspected by previous authors, is confirmed.     

Seven new monotypic genera of African Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera)

New monotypic genera are established for African Lasiocampidae: Hecata gen. n. (type species Megasoma splendens Druce, 1887), Selena gen. n. (type species Megasoma vesta Druce, 1887), Tragoptyssa gen. n. (type species Streblote flavimaculata Tams, 1929), Ammacosola gen. n. (type species Beralade pygmula Strand, 1911), Scythropa gen. n. (type species Pseudometa schultzei Aurivillius, 1905), and Cryptopacha gen. n. (type species Metanastria porphyria Holland, 1893), as well as Pellecebra gen. n. for the new species Pellecebra superba sp. n. (type locality is the Democratic Republic of the Congo). New species combinations are also introduced, and new synonymy is established: Pseudometa schultzei Aurivillius, 1905 = Pseudometa scythropa Hering, 1928, syn. n.     

Metadenopsis Matesova, 1966 and similar mealybug genera (Homoptera,Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) from Russia and neighboring countries

Seven mealybug genera, Kalaginella gen. n., Archanginella gen. n., Metadenopsis Matesova, Metadenopus ?ulc, Glycycnyza Danzig, Inopicoccus Danzig, and Volvicoccus Goux, all with a simplified anal apparatus and lacking cerarii, are revised and illustrated. Kalaginella intermedia gen. et sp. n. and Archanginella kyzylkumica gen. et sp. n. are described from the Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum deserts, correspondingly. Mirococcopsis stipae Borchsenius, 1949 is considered a junior synonym of Volvicoccus volvifer Goux, 1945.     

Two new genera of the family Derbidae from the new world,with description of recent and an extinct miocene new species (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea)

Two new species of the family Derbidae are described. Anticedusa gen. n. (tribe Cedusini) includes the recent A. loisae sp. n. (type species) from Costa Rica and A. dominicana sp. n. from the Miocene Dominican amber. Cedochrusa gen. n. (type species Cedusa quixoa Kramer from Panama) of the tribe Cedochreini also contains a new species, Cedochrusa luculenta sp. n. from Costa Rica. A new subtribe Eocenchreina subtrib. n. comprising genera Eocenchrea Muir, Melusa Em., and Anticedusa gen. n. is erected for Cedusini with the achilid venation of the clavus.     

A new genus and species of Coenosiini from Costa Rica (Diptera,Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

Palpilongus gen. n. is herein described for one species – Palpilongus bifurcus sp. n., from Costa Rica, based on male and females. The striking morphological characters of the species – palpus very long, about as long as prementum; upper calypter truncate and very short and setae of male sternite 5 bifurcated, confirm that this new species is also a new genus in the tribe Coenosiini. Male and female terminalia were dissected and illustrated.     

Atarbolana makranensis,a new species of Cirolanidae (Crustacea,Isopoda) from Makran,Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman

Atarbolana makranensis sp. n. is described from the intertidal zone of Makran along the Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman. Atarbolana makranensis sp. n. can be recognized by the presence of a tuft of long setae on the antennal flagellum of males, elongate pleotelson with 12 robust marginal setae, pleotelson with narrowly rounded apex extending well beyond the uropodal endopod, uropodal endopod half as long as exopod with 14 robust marginal setae, and appendix masculina with an acute apex and extending beyond endopod distal margin. A key is provided for the four known species of Atarbolana Bruce & Javed, 1987.     

Review of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae in the Oriental realm (Diplopoda,Polydesmida), with descriptions of new genera and species

In the Oriental Region, the large, basically Northern Hemisphere family Trichopolydesmidae is shown to currently comprise 18 genera and 43 species. Based mainly on gonopod structure, all of them, as well as the whole family, are (re)diagnosed, including five new genera and seven new species. These new taxa are keyed, also being the first to be described from Indochina in general and from Vietnam in particular: Aporodesmella gen. n., with three species: A. securiformis sp. n. (the type species), A. similis sp. n. and A. tergalis sp. n., as well as the following four monotypic genera: Deharvengius gen. n., with D. bedosae sp. n., Gonatodesmus gen. n., with G. communicans sp. n., Helicodesmus gen. n., with H. anichkini sp. n., and Monstrodesmus gen. n., with M. flagellifer sp. n. In addition, Cocacolaria hauseri Hoffman, 1987, hitherto known only from New Ireland Island, Papua New Guinea, is redescribed based on material from Vanuatu whence it is recorded for the first time. One of the new genera, Gonatodesmus gen. n., provides a kind of transition or evolutionary bridge between Trichopolydesmidae and Opisotretidae, thus reinforcing the assignment of these two families to the single superfamily Trichopolydesmoidea.     

Morphology,ontogeny, and molecular phylogeny of two novel bakuellid-like hypotrichs (Ciliophora: Hypotrichia), with establishment of two new genera

The morphology, ontogeny and molecular phylogeny of Apobakuella fusca gen. n., sp. n. and Parabistichella variabilis gen. n., sp. n., from south China were investigated. Apobakuella fusca, brown colored, demonstrates bakuellid-like infraciliature, and a similar ontogenesis as the genus Bakuella. It is argued, however, that this species represents a novel genus, Apobakuella, which is characterized by two or more marginal rows on the right, several buccal and parabuccal cirri, and lack of frontoterminal and caudal cirri. Phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rRNA gene sequences supports the close relationship of Apobakuella with Neobakuella and Diaxonella within the core Urostylida. By contrast, Parabistichella variabilis has a dominant frontoventral row, few midventral pairs, a long midventral row, and one marginal row on each side. Its morphogenesis exhibits: (1) partial reorganization of the parental adoral membranelles; (2) over six frontoventral-transverse cirri anlagen; (3) intrakinetal development of the midventral row; and (4) very likely, formation of the frontoventral row from the midventral row anlage. Both the morphological characteristics and the SSU rRNA gene sequences suggest that it is incertae sedis among the basal hypotrichs. Further investigation of key taxa with additional molecular markers is required to reveal a better understanding on the phylogeny of Parabistichella.     

Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from shallow waters of the southern Chilean fjord region, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species

The taxonomy of the order Zoantharia (=Zoanthidea=Zoanthiniaria) is greatly hampered by the paucity of diagnostic morphological features. To facilitate discrimination between similar zoanthids, a combination of morphological and molecular analyses is applied here. The three most abundant zoanthid species in shallow waters of the southern Chilean fjord region are described. Comparison with other zoanthids using molecular markers reveals that two of them are new to science; these are described as Mesozoanthus fossii gen. n., sp. n. and Epizoanthus fiordicus sp. n. Their representatives grow on rocky substratum and do not live in symbiosis with demosponges. In the less abundant M. fossii, animals are greyish in colour and resemble members of Parazoanthus in growth form. Individual polyps can be up to 35 mm long. The more abundant E. fiordicus are also greyish; the polyps arise from thin stolons and reach only 12 mm in length. The third species studied is Parazoanthus elongatus McMurrich, 1904. For these three Chilean zoanthid species, in-situ photographs are presented as well as information on distribution, habitat and associated species. Establishment of the Mesozoanthus gen. n. is of particular importance to taxonomy in the chaotic suborder Macrocnemina.     

Capsalids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from marine fishes off Okinawa in Japan with the proposal of two new genera

Molecular studies of the Capsalidae suggested that the genus Benedenia is polyphyletic, but a taxonomic organization of the genus that reflects molecular data has not yet been proposed. As a result of molecular analysis (28S rDNA, ITS1–5.8S-ITS2, and cox1 data) including specimens of Benedeniinae newly obtained from Okinawa-jima Island in Japan, two new genera and the revival of Tareenia independent to the genus Benedenia are proposed. Gracilobenedenia n. gen. is distinguished from the other genera of Benedeniinae based on morphological characteristics. This new genus comprises 6 species: G. lutjani n. comb. (type species), G. anticavaginata n. comb., G. rohdei n. comb., G. beverleyburtonae n. comb., G. kuremibai n. gen., n. sp., and G. hichi n. gen., n. sp. Armatobenedenia n. gen. is a monotypic genus for A. armata n. comb. The present molecular phylogenetic analysis showed the independence of Tareenia, and it can be morphologically separated from the other benedeniines. Four species including two new species obtained from Okinawa-jima Island are reported: G. kuremibai n. sp., G. hichi n. sp., G. lutjani n. comb., and Metabenedeniella parva. Furthermore, in the species identification and phylogenetic analysis of capsalids, the usefulness of not only the 28S rDNA but also ITS and the cox1 regions was suggested. These genes were evaluated the efficacy of those regions in DNA barcoding, and the ITS and cox1 regions shown to be useful for DNA barcoding in capsalids compared to the 28S rDNA sequence.