一个掌跖角化病家系的调查

本文报道了一个掌跖角化病家系的调查结果．该家系属于弥漫性掌跖角化病,为常染色体显性遗传．     

掌跖角化病41例调查报告

掌跖角化病(keratosis palmaris et plantarls) 是一种较少见的角化过度性遗传病Ll,。我院皮肤科自1980年一1984年所见4例,并对此4 个先证者进行了家族系谱的追访调查,经追访又发现41例发病者（不包括先证者）,兹将调查结果报告如下。     

五个家族货币状掌跖角化病的遗传调查

自Wachters等‘,,1983年提出货币状掌跖角化病的命名以来,迄今国内尚未见此病以独立疾病命名报道。作者通过5例先证者追访调查了5个家族,现将调查结果报告如下。     

一罕见的掌跖角化病和胎儿鱼鳞病家系的遗传学研究

掌跖角化病（Keratoderma palmoplantaris）和胎儿鱼鳞病（Ichthyosis Eetalis）均为人类皮肤系统少见的单基因遗传病。在同一家系中这两种遗传病同时出现,而且掌跖角化病已连续遗传 8代,患者达61人之多,胎儿鱼鳞病亦相继出现3例,实属罕见。     

掌跖角化病会遗传吗？

问：我是一名掌跖角化病患者,据父母说4岁开始发病,父母亲都没有此病,上代人也没有此病,我现在27岁了,想咨询一下,此病是否遗传而来？对孩子的遗传几率是多少？该怎么办？     

掌跖脓疱病患者皮损糖皮质激素受体α和β表达的研究

目的：为了解掌跖脓疱病患者皮损中GR表达情况,我们利用免疫组化方法检测患者皮损和正常皮肤标本中GR-α和GR—β的表达,从而探讨其表达在发病中的作用。方法：选择25例临床诊断为掌跖脓疱病患者皮损,26例外科手术切取的健康皮肤作为正常对照。用免疫组化SP法（链酶卵白素-过氧化物酶法）检测掌跖脓疱病患者皮损与正常对照组皮肤GR-α、GR—β的表达数量和强度。结果：两组GR-α表达无显著差异,患者组GR-β表达阳性率及强度明显高于对照组。结论：GR-β在掌跖脓疱病的发病过程中起重要作用。     

掌跖脓疱病患者皮损糖皮质激素受体α和β表达的研究

目的:为了解掌跖脓疱病患者皮损中GR表达情况,我们利用免疫组化方法检测患者皮损和正常皮肤标本中GR-α和GR-β的表达,从而探讨其表达在发病中的作用。方法:选择25例临床诊断为掌跖脓疱病患者皮损,26例外科手术切取的健康皮肤作为正常对照。用免疫组化SP法(链酶卵白素-过氧化物酶法)检测掌跖脓疱病患者皮损与正常对照组皮肤GR-α、GR-β的表达数量和强度。结果:两组GR-α表达无显著差异,患者组GR-β表达阳性率及强度明显高于对照组。结论:GR-β在掌跖脓疱病的发病过程中起重要作用。     

两个亨廷顿舞蹈病家系IT15基因的研究

为了探讨亨廷顿舞蹈病家系患者的临床特征与IT15基因中(CAG)_n重复拷贝数之间的相互关系, 对两家系患者的临床、影像学特征、发病年龄及遗传方式等进行分析; 用聚合酶链反应技术、6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及直接测序等方法, 对42名家系成员的IT15基因的(CAG)_n三核苷酸重复序列进行分析。结果显示家系1患者无典型的临床“三联症”及尾状核的萎缩, 18名家系成员中9名患者IT15基因的(CAG)_n拷贝数介于40~50次之间,拷贝数与发病年龄无明显相关; 而家系2患者具有典型的“三联症”和尾状核的萎缩, 24名家系成员中5例患者(CAG)_n拷贝数大于等于50次, 发病年龄与(CAG)_n拷贝数相关。因此亨廷顿舞蹈病患者的临床特征在一定程度上受IT15基因的(CAG)_n三核苷酸重复拷贝数的影响, 拷贝数大于50次, 发病年龄与(CAG)_n拷贝数相关, 并有经父系遗传的(CAG)_n拷贝数的扩展, 且存在遗传早现现象。     

钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏联合NB-UVB对掌跖脓疱病患者 血清TNF-alpha, IL-17水平的影响

目的：观察钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏联合窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)治疗掌跖脓疱病的临床疗效及对患者血清肿瘤坏死因子 -alpha(TNF-alpha)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平的影响。方法：选取掌跖脓疱病患者63 例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组外用钙泊三醇 倍他米松软膏联合NB-UVB 治疗,对照组单纯照射NB-UVB,两组患者的疗程均为8 周,治疗4 周及8 周后观察临床疗效,并测 定血清中TNF-琢、IL-17 的浓度。结果：治疗4周和8 周后,治疗组症状积分较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗4 和8 周时,对照组的有效率分别为22.58 %和45.16 %,治疗组为53.13 %和78.13 %,两组患者的有效率比较差异显著(P<0.05);停 药后3 个月,对照组复发率为35.48 %,治疗组复发率为12.50 %,治疗组明显低于对照组;治疗后两组患者血清中TNF-alpha、IL-17 的浓度均较前下降,且治疗组较对照组下降更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏辅助治疗可以更 有效提高掌跖脓疱病患者的临床疗效,且安全性较好,这可能与其降低患者外周血中TNF-琢和IL-17 的水平有关。     

两种高能量超脉冲CO_2点阵激光模式治疗脂溢性角化病的疗效比较与分析

为评价两种高能量超脉冲CO_2激光模式对脂溢性角化病(SK)的治疗效果,本文对81例患者共146处皮损,随机分为A、B两组,每组73处。A组给予超脉冲模式治疗,B组给予点阵模式治疗,观察并对比两组患者疗效、治疗时的疼痛程度、平均治疗次数、痂皮完全脱落时间、遗留红斑消退时间及不良反应。治疗结束后,A、B两组总治愈率分别为100%、95. 89%,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);痂皮完全脱落时间、遗留红斑持续时间、平均治疗次数对比,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05);经秩和检验可知,两组患者总不良反应比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3. 129,P=0. 002),但进一步单一不良反应间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结果表明,高能量超脉冲CO_2激光点阵模式与超脉冲模式治疗SK均具有较好疗效,但点阵模式创伤小,愈合快,平均治疗次数多,不良反应少,较超脉冲模式更加安全。     

KRT9 gene mutation as a reliable indicator in the prenatal molecular diagnosis of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma

Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is the most frequent form of such keratodermas. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is clinically characterized by diffuse yellowish thickening of the skin on the palms and soles with erythematous borders during the first weeks or months after birth. EPPK is generally caused by mutations of the KRT9 gene. More than 26 KRT9 gene mutations responsible for EPPK have been described (Human Intermediate Filament Database, www.interfil.org), and many of these variants are located within the highly-conserved coil 1A region of the α-helical rod domain of keratin 9. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory treatment for EPPK. Thus, prenatal molecular diagnosis or pre-pregnancy diagnosis is crucial and benefits those affected who seek healthy descendants. In the present study, we performed amniotic fluid-DNA-based prenatal testing for three at-risk pregnant EPPK women from three unrelated southern Chinese families who carried the KRT9 missense mutations p.Arg163Trp and p.Arg163Gln, and successfully helped two families to bear normal daughters. We suggest that before the successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of EPPK that analyzes fetal cells or cell-free DNA in maternal blood, prenatal genetic diagnosis by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) offers a quite acceptable option for EPPK couples-at-risk to avoid the birth of affected offspring, especially in low- and middle-income countries.     

Identification and analysis of the dog keratin 9 (KRT9) gene

We have identified the gene coding for the canine ortholog of the human keratin 9 protein using the inverse-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy. Sequence comparison and structure analysis of the gene show marked similarity with the human gene. This gene spans about 7 kb and spreads over eight exons. In the dog gene, the reading frame is extended by 20 codons, the first in-frame stop codon being in exon 8 in the dog rather than in exon 7 as in humans. Alignment of human and dog predicted amino acid sequences confirms the high analogy, reaching 75% identity and 95% similarity in the rod domain. Interestingly, the glycine-loop motif number in the C-terminal V2 variable subdomain of the protein increases from 19 in human to 43 in dog, generating a size difference of 12 kDa between the two proteins. Due to its restricted expression pattern in mammalian epidermis, dog keratin 9 gene was a good candidate gene for the genetic palmoplantar hyperkeratosis observed in the Dogue de Bordeaux. However, no polymorphism associated with the pathology was detected within an affected Dogue de Bordeaux pedigree ruling out this hypothesis.     

脊髓小脑共济失调第7型的临床特征及基因突变研究

对一脊髓小脑性共济失调(Spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA)家系的患者进行临床特征及相关基因突变研究。对该家系进行详细的病史采集, 并对患者行视力、眼底血管造影、眼底拍照、视觉诱发电位、视网膜电图以及头颅MRI等辅助检查; 采用聚合酶链反应分别扩增SCA1、SCA2、SCA3、SCA6、SCA7、SCA17及DRPLA基因的CAG重复序列, 用8%变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及直接测序进行突变分析。结果2名患者主要表现为小脑性共济失调、视力下降、眼底视网膜色素变性、小脑和脑干萎缩; 并存在SCA7基因的突变, 而未发现SCA1、SCA2、SCA3、SCA6、SCA17及DRPLA基因突变。说明该家系为SCA7突变家系, SCA7基因中CAG三核苷酸重复拷贝数的异常扩增是其致病原因。     

Functional defects of Cx26 resulting from a heterozygous missense mutation in a family with dominant deaf-mutism and palmoplantar keratoderma

Mutations in GJB2 encoding the gap junction protein connexin-26 (Cx26) have been established as the basis of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. The involvement of GJB2 in autosomal dominant deafness has also been proposed, although the putative mutation identified in one family with both deafness and palmoplantar keratoderma has recently been suggested to be merely a non-disease associated polymorphism. We have observed a similar phenotype in an Egyptian family that segregated with a heterozygous missense mutation of GJB2, leading to a non-conservative amino acid substitution (R75W). The deleterious dominant-negative effect of R75W on gap channel function was subsequently demonstrated in the paired oocyte expression system. Not only was R75W alone incapable of inducing electrical conductance between adjacent cells, but it almost completely suppressed the activity of co-expressed wildtype protein. The Cx26 mutant W77R, which has been implicated in autosomal recessive deafness, also failed to form functional gap channels by itself but did not significantly interfere with the function of wildtype Cx26. These data provide compelling evidence for the serious functional consequences of Cx26 mutations in dominant and recessive deafness. Received: 22 June 1998 / Accepted: 15 July 1998     

Holt-Oram syndrome: a new mutation in the TBX5 gene in two unrelated families

Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a specific developmental defect involving upper limb malformations and cardiac defects. Mutations in the TBX5 gene, located on chromosome 12q24.1, were demonstrated as the underlying molecular defect in several families with this disorder. We report on two unrelated families with HOS. Affected members of both families have the same truncation mutation in exon 5 of the TBX5 gene (Y136X). This mutation has not been reported before in HOS. The spectrum of defects is similar in both families, displaying an ASD, hypoplastic deltoid muscles and hypoplastic or absent thumbs extending to radial defects in one case. So far, only a single genotype-phenotype analysis in HOS has been done which is not sufficient to explain the high inter- and intrafamilial variability of expression. Our observation further supports that the position of the mutation in the TBX5 gene is related to the phenotype expression of HOS.     

肺炎克雷伯菌gyrA基因与parC基因的突变研究

目的探讨肺炎克雷伯菌对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的药物敏感性,及对喹诺酮敏感和耐药菌株中gyrA与parC基因的突变情况。方法收集肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株231株,采用K-B纸片法测定肺炎克雷伯菌对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的敏感性,随机选取对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星均耐药菌株4株和均敏感的菌株3株,分别PCR扩增gyrA基因和parC基因的耐药决定区,扩增片段长度分别为625、319bp,PCR扩增产物经纯化后测序并做序列分析。结果肺炎克雷伯菌对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为51.1%（118/231）和45.9%（106/231）;gyrA和parC基因经序列分析显示,耐药株均有gyrA基因的突变,其中1株出现第83、87和27位氨基酸的改变,2株出现第83位氨基酸的改变,1株出现第47位点的改变;环丙沙星敏感株中未出现gyrA基因的突变。4株耐药株均有parC基因的突变,引起相应氨基酸Ser80→Arg的改变,2株环丙沙星敏感株也发生了同样的改变。结论哈尔滨地区肺炎克雷伯菌对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药性显著,在喹诺酮耐药株中有gyrA和parC基因的同时突变,在敏感株中也发现了parC基因的突变。     

Comparison of an exact and a simulation method for calculating gene extinction probabilities in pedigrees

A comparison is made between a much used simulation method, commonly called gene dropping, and the exact computational technique of peeling. These methods are illustrated using the problem of finding the distribution of the number of distinct ancestral genes surviving at an autosomal locus. Each method is used on several real zoo pedigrees, of varying size and complexity, and the results are compared. Gene dropping is found to be a good approximation to peeling, but for all but the most complex pedigrees surveyed, peeling is preferable. The relationship between heterozygosity and allelic variability is investigated.     

Polymorphism identification in GDF9 gene and its association analysis with reproduction traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken

Abstract

GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and plays an irreplaceable role in female fertility. To reveal its genetic effects on productivity performance in chickens, 373 Jinghai Yellow chickens were chosen randomly to detect SNPs in GDF9 by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods. Eventually, four SNPs (g.2053G?>?A, g.2275T?>?C, g.2338C?>?T, g.2420T?>?C) in total had been detected. Amongst them, g.2420T?>?C was first found significantly associated with reproduction trait in chickens and heterozygous type C₂T₂ had higher average egg weight at 300?days of age (AEWD300) than T₂T₂ (p?<?0.01). Least squares analysis showed that age at first laying (AFE) of H1 and H1H1 chickens were significantly earlier than that of H7 and H7H7 ones, respectively (p?<?0.05). H1H5 hens showed higher AEWD300 than H4H7 ones (p?<?0.05). For total egg number at 300?days of age (END300), mean of H5H5 was significantly higher than that of H4H4 (p?<?0.05). Hence, the study suggested that hybrid vigor at g.2420T?>?C could be utilized in practice. H1H1, H1H5 and H5H5 could be the dominant diplotypes for chicken breeding. The study may contribute to the breeding progress of productive chickens and supply reference for oviparous animal production practice.