Lipid composition of tissues of marine crustaceans

Analyses of lipids and fatty acids from various tissues isolated from two crabs (Eriocheir sinensis and Carcinus maenas) and the lobster (Homarus vulgaris) were made by TLC and GLC. Phospholipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were the main fats found in all three invertebrates. Fatty acids obtained from the total lipids extracted from different tissues of these marine animals contain relatively large amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (principally 20:5 and 22:6). Polyunsaturated fatty acids are mainly incorporated into phospholipids and especially into phosphatidylethanolamine.     

Total Serum Calcium Level May Have Adverse Effects on Serum Cholesterol and Triglycerides Among Female University Faculty and Staffs

Our previous studies showed that serum calcium level may have influence in the blood pressure to older male subjects, but the relationship between serum calcium level and blood lipids is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between total serum calcium level and blood lipids. In our study, total serum calcium level and blood lipids were measured among 1,075 subjects, with age range of 30–60 years, who were recruited for the routine health screening in 2006. The results showed that serum calcium level was positively correlated with triglyceride and total cholesterol weight, but not HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in female subjects (P?<?0.05). No correlation was found between total serum calcium level and blood lipids in male subjects (P?>?0.05). These findings suggest that a higher total serum calcium level may have a adverse effects on serum cholesterol and triglycerides among female subjects.     

Comparison of raloxifene and atorvastatin effects on serum lipids composition of healthy post-menopausal women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, and those of statin, atorvastatin, in reducing the cardiovascular risks associated with the post-menopausal status. A detailed study of serum lipid concentrations was performed in four groups of post-menopausal women receiving either placebo, raloxifene or atorvastatin alone or their combination for the period of three months.Group A (raloxifene) showed significant decrease in total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and an increase in phospholipids concentration (P < 0.05), followed by a marked reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P < 0.01) and ApoB amounts (P < 0.001). Additionally, ApoA-I concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.01).Group B (atorvastatin) presented decreased cholesterol (P < 0.05) and triglycerides levels (P < 0.01), followed by elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (P < 0.05) and low LDL-C amounts (P < 0.001). ApoA-I was significantly increased (P < 0.001) whereas ApoB was reduced (P < 0.001).The combined treatment in Group C (raloxifene and atorvastatin) showed significant changes in the majority of serum lipids. In particular, total cholesterol was reduced (P < 0.001), as well as triglycerides (P < 0.001) levels. Phospholipids were raised (P < 0.01) whereas LDL-C was reduced (P < 0.001) as was ApoB (P < 0.001). Furthermore, ApoA-I was elevated (P < 0.001). A further attempt to evaluate each treatment group was performed and the significance of these results is discussed. (Mol Cell Biochem 261: 71–75, 2004)     

Lipid metabolism in rabbits exposed to paraquat aerosol

In order to examine the effects of paraquat on pulmonary lipid metabolism rabbits were exposed to double distilled water by aerosol, or 250 mg paraquat in double distilled water. One hour prior to sacrifice, a group of rabbits were injected with [2?¹⁴C]-acetate. The levels of phospholipids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined as were their ¹⁴C-contents in the lung, broncoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and liver. The serum of paraquat-exposed animals contained significantly increased levels of phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Liver, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage contained less than or equal to control levels of phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Percent of palmitate in the hepatic fatty acid profile was slightly increased in liver but not in lung. The source of the increased lipids in the serum is unknown.     

The lipids and phospholipids of hydatid protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (cestoda)

Frayha G. J., Bahr G. M. and Haddad R. 1980. The lipids and phospholipids of hydatid protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda). International Journal for Parasitology10: 213–216. The protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus were isolated from hydatid cysts. The phospho- and neutral lipids of the protoscolices were determined. The seven major classes of lipids namely, phospholipids, fatty acids, mono-, di- and triglycerides, cholesterol and cholesterol esters were identified and quantitatively determined. The phospholipids isolated were cephalin, lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin. Lecithin and cephalin were the most abundant. The signiflcance of this finding is discussed.     

Effects of Quillaja saponins on growth,metabolism, egg production and muscle cholesterol in individually reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The effects of supplementation of a Quillaja saponin (QS) mixture in the diets of tilapia have been studied using a respirometer system that allowed feeding and continuous measurement of oxygen consumption of individual fish. Five fish each were given control diet (C group) and control diet supplemented with 150 mg kg^?1 (S150 group) or 300 mg kg^?1 (S300 group) QS. At the end of 14 weeks the weight gain of the S300 group was significantly higher than control (P<0.05) whereas that of the S150 group had an intermediate value. The S150 group had a higher growth rate (P=0.05) after the first 3 weeks of feeding with the experimental diets, compared to the other two groups. At the end of the experiment the S300 group had significantly higher (P<0.05) average values for energy retention, apparent lipid conversion, carcass fat, energy and significantly lower (P<0.05) average values for apparently unutilised energy and carcass ash content compared to the C group. The corresponding values of the S150 group were intermediate between the C and S300 groups. One out of two female fish in the S150 group and both female fish in the S300 group never produced eggs during the entire 14-week experimental period. Contrarily, all three female fish in the control group and one out of the two female fish in the S150 group regularly produced eggs, at a rate of approximately once in every 14 days. The muscle cholesterol level in the S300 group was significantly higher than that of the C group. Possible mechanisms of action of the dietary saponins are discussed.     

Oral Probiotic Microcapsule Formulation Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Bio F1B Golden Syrian Hamsters

The beneficial effect of a microencapsulated feruloyl esterase producing Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 11976 formulation for use in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. For which Bio F₁B Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a methionine deficient/choline devoid diet to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results, for the first time, show significant clinical benefits in experimental animals. Examination of lipids show that concentrations of hepatic free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly lowered in treated animals. In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and insulin resistance were found to decrease in treated animals. Liver histology evaluations showed reduced fat deposits. Western blot analysis shows significant differences in expression levels of key liver enzymes in treated animals. In conclusion, these findings suggest the excellent potential of using an oral probiotic formulation to ameliorate NAFLD.     

Amoeba-bacteria relationship: Factors in the bacterial lipids supporting the growth of axenicEntamoeba histolytica

Live bacteria in modifiedDiamond’s axenic medium did not support growth ofEntamoeba histolytica. Cysteine hydrochloride, required for the multiplication of amoeba, was broken down by live bacteria and toxic substances were produced which were lethal for amoebae. Monoxenic and xenic cultures ofaxenically grownE. histolytica could be established in Boeck and Drbohlav medium with bacteria and rice starch. Bacterial lipids prepared from 15 human intestinal bacteria supported growth and multiplication ofE. histolytica in axenic medium. In a pilot experiment using lipids ofStreptococcus faecalis, free fatty acids did stimulate the multiplication of amoebae. When total lipids of this bacteria were fractionated into neutral lipids and phospholipids by chromatography and used, neither fraction was found to stimulate growth. Free fatty acids prepared by chemical hydrolysis of the total lipids, neutral lipids and phospholipids stimulated growth ofE. histolytica, The sterols present in the bacterial lipids (neutral lipids or non-saponifiable fractions) stimulated growth of amoebae. It was found thatE. histolytica is incapable of liberating fatty acids from di- or triglyceridesof phospholipids and the multiplication of the organism is stimulated by the presence of free fatty acids and sterols (cholesterol).     

Sub-lethal effect of ultraviolet radiation on the growth, intestinal adherence ability and cholesterol removal potentials of parent cells and subsequent sub-culturing of Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1088 under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sub-lethal effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the cell growth, intestinal adherence ability and cholesterol removal potential of parent cells and the possible inheritance of such effects on subsequent sub-cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1088 cells under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract. We found that UV decreased (P?<?0.05) growth of the parent cells immediately upon treatment (0 h), although an increase (P?<?0.05) in growth was observed at 8–24 h of fermentation compared to that of the control. The intestinal adherence ability of the parent cells decreased significantly by 15.62 % (P?<?0.05) compared to that of the control. Nevertheless, UV led to increased (>26.22 %; P?<?0.05) cholesterol removal from the parent cells, accompanied by an increased incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane and an increased ratio of membrane cholesterol:phospholipids (C:P; P?<?0.05; 95 % confidence interval 8.71–121.95 %) in parent cells, compared to that of the control. Incorporated cholesterol was found in the interface of apolar and polar regions, polar heads and also apolar tails of phospholipids in the cellular membrane bilayer. However, such traits were not inherited by the treated cells in subsequent sub-cultures (first, second and third sub-culture). Our data suggest that UV could be a potential physical treatment to increase the cholesterol removal ability of parent cells without inducing permanent damage to the treated cells. UV treatment did not affect the intestinal adherence functionality of the treated cells in subsequent sub-cultures.     

Selective effects of hydrocortisone on intestinal lipoprotein and apolipoprotein synthesis in the human fetus

Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [¹⁴C]-oleic acid or [¹⁴C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [¹⁴C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P < 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P < 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P < 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P < 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [¹⁴C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [¹⁴C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [³⁵S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65–76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Effect of habitat and motor activity of molluscs on fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids

A comparative analysis of fatty acids (FA) in neutral lipids and phospholipids of digestive gland and pedal muscle has been performed in molluscs from various ecological groups differing by belonging to sea or fresh water, trophic types or the associated motor activity. In freshwater pulmonary gastropods Lymnaea stagnalis and Lymnaea ovalis and marine prosobranchial molluscs Buccinum undatum and Littorina littorea the total content of ω3-acids in phospholipids of the studied tissues differed more than twice, predominantly due to the combined effect of temperature and salinity of the habitat. The lower viscosity of cell membranes in marine species (ω3/ω6 < 1) is determined to the greatest degree by the presence of eicosapentaenoic acid that accounts for 22–25% of the FA sum in marine species. Comparison of the molluscs by their trophic belonging has revealed the presence of linoleic acid in triglycerides in digestive glands of phytophages (8–12%), but the practically complete absence of this acid in the predator B. undulatum (< 0.8%). By mobility, L. littorea inhabiting the high-low tide littoral was inferior to freshwater pulmonary gastropods and to the marine predator, as it stops moving twice a day during the low tide. In phospholipids of pedal muscle of this mollusc the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated C: 22 FA was 3–6 times lower than that in other studied species, which might possibly indicate the role of these acids in functioning of the pedal muscle contractile tissue. On the whole, use of the FA characteristics as the parameters determining belonging to certain ecological group requires a certain caution due to a complex action of biotic and abiotic factors on the animal metabolism. The exception is the ω3/ω6 ratio in total phospholipids of fresh water and marine gastropods.     

New technique to quantify the lipid composition of lipid droplets in porcine oocytes and pre-implantation embryos using Nile Red fluorescent probe

The principal objective of this study was to develop a novel method based on confocal microscopy and a solvatochromic fluorescent dye, Nile red (NR) to quantify the main types of lipids in a single mammalian oocyte and embryo. We hypothesize that NR staining followed by the decomposition of NR-spectra identifies and quantifies the triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol in a single oocyte and embryo. We analyzed the lipid droplets in porcine oocytes and pre-implantation embryos up to the hatched blastocyst stage developed in vivo and in cultured blastocysts. The emission spectrum of NR-stained mixture of different lipid types is a convolution of several component spectra. The principal component analysis (PCA) and a multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares method (MCR-ALS) allowed to decompose the emission spectrum and quantify the relative amount of each lipid type present in mixture. We reported here that the level of the triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in lipid droplets significantly decreases by 17.7%, 26.4% and 23.9%, respectively, from immature to mature porcine oocytes. The content of triglycerides and phospholipids remains unchanged in droplets of embryos from the zygote up to the morula stage. Then the triglyceride level decreases in the blastocyst by 15.1% and in the hatched blastocyst by 37.3%, whereas the amount of phospholipids decreases by 10.5% and 12.5% at the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages, respectively. In contrast, the content of cholesterol in droplets does not change during embryo cleavage. The lipid droplets in the blastocyst produced in vivo contain lower amounts of triglycerides (by 26.1%), phospholipids (by 14.2%) and cholesterol (by 34.8%) than those in the blastocyst cultured in NCSU-23 medium. In conclusion, our new technique is suitable to quantify the content of triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in individual mammalian oocytes and embryos. Our findings indicate an important role for lipids during porcine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, and suggest an altered lipid metabolism in cultured embryos.     

Studies on protozoan parasites of Australian fishes. Notes on coccidian parasites with description of three new species

In 1990 several species of the generaEimeria andGoussia were found during the examination of some marine and freshwater fishes in New South Wales for protozoan parasites. In freshwater hosts,Goussia carpelli (Léger & Stankovitch, 1921) was found inCarassius auratus from a fish farm andEimeria anguillae Léger & Hollande, 1922 inAnguilla australis from feral eels. A new species,G. piekarskii n. sp., is described from the small intestine of feralGambusia holbrooki. Spherical or subspherical oöcysts average 9.2 μm in diameter, the average size of sporocysts being 7.6 × 4.2 μm. From coastal marine fishes,Goussia thelohani labbé, 1896 was identified in the liver parenchyma ofAcanthopagrus australis andRhabdosargus sarda. G. cruciata (Thélohan, 1892) Labbé, 1896 was found in the liver parenchyma ofPseudocaranx dentex. Both species were found for the first time outside the European area and in completely different hosts.Eimeria sillaginis Molnár & Rohde, 1988 is redescribed from the intestine ofSillago ciliata, and includes a new structure on its sporocyst wall.E. nesowai n. sp. is described from the pyloric caeca and intestine ofGerres ovatus. Subspherical oöcysts average 12.9 μm in diameter, the average size of sporocysts being 7 × 4.2 μm.E. rohdei n. sp. was found to infect the pyloric caeca ofMonacanthus chinensis. The average sizes of oöcysts and sporocysts are 7.5 μm diameter and 5.1 × 3 μm, respectively.     

Hepatic SR-BI, not endothelial lipase, expression determines biliary cholesterol secretion in mice

High density lipoprotein cholesterol is thought to represent a preferred source of sterols secreted into bile following hepatic uptake by scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). The present study aimed to determine the metabolic effects of an endothelial lipase (EL)–mediated stimulation of HDL cholesterol uptake on liver lipid metabolism and biliary cholesterol secretion in wild-type, SR-BI knockout, and SR-BI overexpressing mice. In each model, injection of an EL expressing adenovirus decreased plasma HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001) whereas hepatic cholesterol content increased (P < 0.05), translating into decreased expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and its target genes HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor (each P < 0.01). Biliary cholesterol secretion was dependent on hepatic SR-BI expression, being decreased in SR-BI knockouts (P < 0.001) and increased following hepatic SR-BI overexpression (P < 0.001). However, in each model, biliary secretion of cholesterol, bile acids, and phospholipids as well as fecal bile acid and neutral sterol content, remained unchanged in response to EL overexpression. Importantly, hepatic ABCG5/G8 expression did not correlate with biliary cholesterol secretion rates under these conditions. These results demonstrate that an acute decrease of plasma HDL cholesterol levels by overexpressing EL increases hepatic cholesterol content but leaves biliary sterol secretion unaltered. Instead, biliary cholesterol secretion rates are related to the hepatic expression level of SR-BI. These data stress the importance of SR-BI for biliary cholesterol secretion and might have relevance for concepts of reverse cholesterol transport.     

Short-term Effects of Ethanol Intoxication on Ascorbic Acid and Lipid Metabolism and on Drug-metabolizing Enzymes in Liver of Rats

The effects of one-time ethanol intoxication on ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism and on drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver of rats were investigated. Male Donryu rats that had been fed semi-purified feed were given 5 g/kg ethanol solution (25%, w/v) via a stomach tube and killed 16 h after intubation. The amount of ascorbic acid excreted in the urine after ethanol administration increased, but renal and adrenal concentrations of ascorbic acid decreased. The serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated in rats given ethanol, but hepatic level of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids were not. The hepatic concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b₅ did not increase, but this large dose of ethanol increased the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and cytochrome c reductase.

These results indicated that the single dose of ethanol affected the ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism of rats, and induced drug-metabolizing enzymes in their liver.     

The metabolic response in fish to mildly elevated water temperature relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazole compounds and free amino acids

Fish species show distinct differences in their muscular concentrations of imidazoles and free amino acids (FAA). This study was conducted to investigate whether metabolic response to mildly elevated water temperature (MEWT) relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazoles and FAA. Thirteen carp and 17 Nile tilapia, housed one per aquarium, were randomly assigned to either acclimation (25 °C) or MEWT (30 °C) for 14 days. Main muscular concentrations were histidine (HIS; P<0.001) in carp versus N-α-acetylhistidine (NAH; P<0.001) and taurine (TAU; P=0.001) in tilapia. Although the sum of imidazole (HIS+NAH) and TAU in muscle remained constant over species and temperatures (P>0.05), (NAH+HIS)/TAU ratio was markedly higher in carp versus tilapia, and decreased with MEWT only in carp (P<0.05). Many of the muscular FAA concentrations were higher in carp than in tilapia (P<0.05). Plasma acylcarnitine profile suggested a higher use of AA and fatty acids in carp metabolism (P<0.05). On the contrary, the concentration of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine, a sink of leucine catabolism, (P=0.009) pointed to avoidance of leucine use in tilapia metabolism. Despite a further increase of plasma longer-chain acylcarnitines in tilapia at MEWT (P=0.009), their corresponding beta-oxidation products (3-hydroxy-longer-chain acylcarnitines) remained constant. Together with higher plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in carp (P=0.001), the latter shows that carp, being a fatter fish, more readily mobilises fat than tilapia at MEWT, which coincides with more intensive muscular mobilization of imidazoles. This study demonstrates that fish species differ in their metabolic response to MEWT, which is associated with species-dependent changes in muscle imidazole to taurine ratio.     

Lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle and internal organs from Ruvettus pretiosus

The lipid composition of different muscular areas (dorsal, ventral, subcutaneous, periosteum) and organs (liver, gall bladder, testes) of a gempylid fish Ruvettus pretiosus was examined. Waxes were the main lipid fraction in muscular areas, while the liver and testes were quite enriched in triglycerides and phospholipids. Oleic acid and fatty acids of n-3 family were the most frequently found in total lipids.     

Biomass measurement of methane forming bacteria in environmental samples

Methane-forming bacteria contain unusual phytanylglycerol ether phospholipids which can be extracted from the bacteria in sediments and assayed quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this procedure the lipids were extracted, the phospholipids recovered, hydrolyzed, purified by thin layer chromatography, derivatized and assayed by HPLC. Ether lipids were recovered quantitatively from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and sediments at levels as low as 8 × 10^?14 moles. In freshwater and marine sediments the flux of methane to the atmosphere and the methane levels in the pore water reflects the recovery of the phytanyl glycerol ether lipid ‘signature’. The proportion of the ether phospholipid to the total recoverable phospholipid was highest in anaerobic digester sewage sludge and deeper subsurface freshwater sediment horizons.     

Analysis of inflammatory processes in diffuse thickening of human aorta intima

It is generally recognized that accumulation of lipids and immune inflammatory cells is an early sign of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the deposition of lipids, immune inflammatory cell content and expression of HLA-DR molecules, and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a marker of immune activation) in diffuse intima thickening (DIT). Lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, and phospholipids were studied by chromatography and Oil Red O histochemistry, as well as by electron microscopy. Immune inflammatory cells and the expression of HLA-DR were investigated by immunohistochemistry in serial sections of the same tissue samples. It has been shown that the lipids were unevenly distributed in DIT. In the juxtaluminal sublayer, lipids were detected in the cytoplasm of intima cells and the extracellular area. In the juxtamedial musculoelastic sublayer of the intima, lipids were present predominantly along elastic fibers. The positive correlation between the presence of lipids and the expression of HLA-DR was revealed (r = 0.79; p < 0.001). A positive correlation was also found between the deposition of lipids and the number of immune inflammatory cells, although correlation was different for different sublayers of the intima. In particular, the correlation between the deposition of lipids and immune inflammatory cells in the juxtaluminal sublayer of the intima was higher (r = 0.69; p < 0.001) than in the juxtamedial musculoelastic layer (r = 0.28; p < 0.001). These data support the hypothesis that the accumulation of lipids in the intima is a key factor in the initiation of inflammatory reactions. At the preatherosclerotic stage of development of this disease, earlier pathological processes associated with lipid-dependent activation of immune cells occur mainly in the juxtaluminal portion of the intima.     

Lipids in the daubed shanny (Teleostei: Leptoclinus maculatus) in Svalbard waters

The daubed shanny, Leptoclinus maculatus, is a common fish species in Arctic and North Atlantic waters and has an important role in high-latitude ecosystems as a link between lower trophic levels and many fish, marine mammal and seabird species. Its biology and ecology have, however, remained largely unstudied. The primary aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about the daubed shanny by analysing total lipids, lipid-classes and the fatty acid composition of liver, muscle and female gonads in adults from the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. In female gonads, the triacylglycerols and wax esters in addition to cholesterol esters were dominant among the stored lipids. Triacylglycerols dominated in the liver, whereas structural lipids, such as phospholipids and cholesterols, were the most important lipids in muscles. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were major phospholipids in all organs studied. The fatty acid spectrum of the investigated organs was characterized by a high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly in the liver. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 22:6(n-3) and 20:4(n-6), were prevalent in muscle tissues. The lipid and fatty acid spectra in the organs during this period of life are tightly connected with the activation of the liver metabolism and the storage of lipids in the developed female gonads. Lipid accumulation and distribution in gonads are transferred to optimal development of embryos and larvae in Arctic waters.