2′-(E)-O-p-coumaroylgalactaric acid and 2′-(E)-O-feruloylgalactaric acid in citrus

2′-(E)-O-p-Coumaroyl- and 2′-(E)-O-feruloylgalactaric acids, hitherto unknown in nature, have been isolated and identified from orange peel.     

维生素E的功能、吸收与代谢(2)

在VE转运过程中,α-生育酚结合蛋白(α-TBP)对α-生育酚的特异性转运有重要作用。从肝细胞质中分离到2种不同作用的TBP:一种是30×103TBP,只存在肝细胞中,其功能是选择性地将α-生育酚混入刚形成的低密度脂蛋白(VLDL);另一种是15×103TBP,分布在所有的主要组织中,其功能可能是与α-生育酚在细胞间的分布有关。在α-生育酚进入组织器官的过程中,SR-BI(scav-enger receptor class B type I)对α-生育酚从膜蛋白到特定组织的转运具有重要的作用。敲除SR-BI基因大鼠的睾丸、卵巢、肺部和大脑的α-生育酚的浓度显著下降,而细胞膜的α…     

HPV-2E2蛋白(A338V)突变体对E2蛋白DNA结合能力增强的研究

HPV-2是引起皮肤寻常疣的常见HPV型别,病毒E2蛋白可抑制病毒早期启动子的活性。我们曾经报道来自一例巨大寻常疣患者的HPV-2突变E2蛋白对病毒早期启动子活性的抑制作用明显减弱,该E2蛋白在其C末端的DNA结合区域带有A338V的点突变。本研究利用原核表达系统表达纯化了突变E2(A338V)和HPV-2原毒株的羧基端和全长蛋白。电泳迁移率实验结果显示,E2蛋白可与带有E2蛋白特异性结合位点的寡核苷酸探针形成复合物,突变E2蛋白比原毒株E2蛋白的DNA结合能力强。这提示DNA结合能力的增强可能为E2蛋白对病毒启动子活性影响的分子基础,与患者出现罕见巨大寻常疣这一临床表型关联。     

Microbiological synthesis of 5-ethyl- and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine

Summary The title compounds were prepared by an enzymatic transdeoxyribosylation from 2 dGuo or 2 dThd to the respective heterocyclic bases, 5-ethyluracil and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil, using the whole bacterial cells ofEscherichia coli as a biocatalyst.     

HPV16(新疆株)E6在Pichia pastoris酵母中的分泌表达

目的：利用酵母Pichia pastoris真核蛋白表达在系统,表达HPV16（新疆株）E6（HPV16 XJ E6）蛋白。方法：根据HPV16 XJ E6基因序列设计引物,并分别在5′引物和3′引物中引入了EcorRI和XbaI酶切位点,经PCR扩增后与pMD18-T载体相连,再将HPV16 XJ E6从载体上切下并克隆至穿棱质粒pGAPZαA上,获得的重组穿棱质粒pGAPZαA-E6经线性化后,采用LiCl法将重组穿棱质粒转入酵母细胞内,Zeocin^ 筛选鉴定,经小瓶发酵后,取上清作SDSPAGE检测,结果：HPV16 XJ E6成功地在酵母真核表达系统获得表达,表达产物的分子量为20kD,为深入研究HPV16 XJ E6蛋白功能奠定了理论基础。     

分子动力学模拟HPV(16, 18)E6蛋白

目的:对人乳头瘤病毒HPV16,18中E6蛋白结构进行分子模拟和分析,寻找可以作为蛋白-配体相互作用的关键结构区域。方法:以HPV16 E6蛋白为模板,对HPV18 E6蛋白进行同源建模,对构建的HPV18 E6模型以及晶体结构模型HPV16 E6进行分子动力学模拟,通过微观上的loop环分析和宏观上的整体运动分析研究了HPV18 E6与HPV16 E6在溶剂环境下结构变化的异同。结果:发现靠近N端loop环在蛋白-配体结合过程中能介导控制配体、水、离子进出的"门控"的作用,解释了两个蛋白在水溶剂中的运动构象的变化。结论:本研究解释了HPV16 E6与HPV18 E6两个蛋白在溶剂中的运动机制,并发现了loop环在其中扮演"门控"的作用,解释了两个蛋白在水溶剂中的运动构象的变化,该发现能够为基于两个蛋白为靶点的药物设计提供理论依据。     

迷失的世界(16)

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Metabolism of (2Z,4E)-γ-Ionylideneethanol and (2Z,4E)-γ-Ionylideneacetic Acid in Cercospora cruenta

[2–¹⁴C]-(2Z,4E)-γ-Ionylideneethanol and [2–¹⁴C]-(2Z,4E)-γ-ionylideneacetic acid were converted by Cercospora cruenta to [2–¹⁴C]-(2Z,4E)-1′,4′-dihydroxy-γ-ionylideneacetic acid and [2-¹⁴C]-(2Z,4E)-4′-hydroxy-γ-ionylideneacetic acid, which are intermediates of ABA biosynthesis in C. cruenta.     

15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) interferes inducible synthesis of prostaglandins E(2) and F(2α) that suppress subsequent adipogenesis program in cultured preadipocytes

Cultured preadipocytes enhance the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and PGF(2α) involving the induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 during the growth phase upon stimulation with a mixture of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a mitogenic factor, and calcium ionophore A23187. Here, we studied the interactive effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) on the inducible synthesis of the endogenous PGs in cultured preadipocytes and its implication in adipogenesis program. 15d-PGJ(2) interfered significantly the endogenous synthesis of those PGs in response to cell stimuli by suppressing the induction of COX-2 following the attenuation of NF-κB activation. In contrast, Δ(12)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone had almost no inhibitory effects, indicating a mechanism independent of the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ for the action of 15-PGJ(2). Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, effectively inhibited on the inducible synthesis of those PGs in preadipocytes. Endogenous PGs generated by preadipocytes only during the growth phase in response to the cell stimuli autonomously attenuated the subsequent adipogenesis program leading to the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes. These effects were prevented by additional co-incubation of preadipocytes with either 15d-PGJ(2) or PDTC although 15d-PGJ(2) alone has no stimulatory effect. Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2) did not block the inhibitory effects of exogenous PGE(2) and PGF(2α) on the adipogenesis program in preadipocytes. Taken together, 15d-PGJ(2) can interfere the COX pathway leading to the induced synthesis of endogenous PGs that contribute to negative regulation of adipogenesis program in preadipocytes.     

(E160A)和(E160D)天花粉蛋白两种突变体晶体结构研究

培养了（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的单晶。在ＭＡＲＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ面探测器系统上分别收集了０．１９３ｎｍ和０．２０ｎｍ分辨率的Ｘ射线衍射数据。数据处理用ＭＡＲＳＣＡＬＥ程序系统完成。用同晶差值Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ法解析了突变体的晶体结构,结构修正利用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ程序。修正结果,晶体学Ｒ因子分别为０．１７５,０．１７９,键长和键角的ＲＭＳ偏差分别为０．００１１ｎｍ和２．４５７°,０．００１３ｎｍ和２．６７５°。在这两个突变体的结构中均未见到Ｇｌｕ１８９侧链方向的改变。通过对（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的结构比较,说明（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ活性低于（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ的原因：这可能是由于在（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ中Ｔｙｒ１１１和Ｔｙｒ７０的侧链都具有较大的运动性,使它们与腺嘌呤碱基的芳香堆垛作用减弱,从而导致活性的降低     

Caski细胞内Daxx与HPV16 E2蛋白的结合作用

目的研究人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)E2蛋白在Caski细胞内与Daxx的相互作用,探讨它们在HPV16所致宫颈癌发生发展中的作用。方法利用间接免疫荧光染色技术观察HPV16 E2和Daxx在Caski细胞中的分布或共定位;通过免疫共沉淀试验和免疫印迹分析HPV16 E2与Daxx在Caski细胞内的相互作用。结果在Caski细胞内,Daxx和HPV16 E2主要分布于胞浆,少数分布于胞核,且两种信号在细胞浆内有一定的共存;抗E2抗体能沉淀Daxx,反之抗Daxx抗体同样能够沉淀HPV16 E2。结论 HPV16 E2与Daxx在Caski细胞存在直接的相互作用。     

Utero-ovarian venous concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) following PGE2 intrauterine infusions

The uterine horns and utero-ovarian veins of nine crossbred mature gilts were bilaterally cannulated on day 9 of the estrous cycle (day 0 - first day of estrus). Each uterine horn in treated gilts (N=5) was infused with 150 μg PGE₂ in 3 ml of saline at 0900 h on day 12, 15 and 18 of the estrous cycle. Control gilts (N=4) received 3 ml saline intrauterine infusions on the corresponding day. Blood samples were collected from the utero-ovarian veins 15 min before each infusion and for the following 6 h with 15, 30 and 60 min intervals through the first, second and third two-hour periods, respectively. Venous concentrations of PGE₂ and PGF_2α were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures. Infusion of PGE₂ resulted in an immediate elevation in PGE₂ concentration in utero-ovarian venous drainage. Coincident elevations of PGF_2α utero-ovarian venous concentrations were observed after PGE₂ infusion. Plasma PGF_2α concentrations in the utero-ovarian veins were elevated (P<.01) in PGE₂ treated gilts for one hour post-treatment. The duration of PGE₂ and PGE₂α elevations as well as the peak values were influenced by day of the cycle.     

Stereospecific Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of (Z)2′- and (E)3′-Deoxy-2′(3′)-C-(chloromethylene) Pyrimidine Nucleosides

Abstract

Reaction of 1-[2,5(and 3,5)-di-O-trityl-β-D-erythro-pentofuran-3 (and 2)-ulosyl]uracil derivatives 5 and 6 with (chloromethyl)triphenylphosphorane resulted in the stereoselective formation of (E)-3′- and (Z)-2′-chloromethylene derivatives 7 (69%) and 8 (53%), respectively, deprotection of which gave 9 and 10. Transformation of the uracil nucleoside 7 into cytosine one followed by deprotection yielded 12. The latter was converted into the arabinoside 14. The fully deprotected chloromethylene nucleosides were tested for their activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2.     

Therapeutic Implications of The Unusually Long Half-Life of (E)-5–(2–bromovinyl)uracil (Bvura) In Vivo

Abstract

The long half-life of BVUra in the plasma permits, on the one hand, the de novo formation of the antiviral drug (E)-5–(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVdUrd) by a pentosyl transfer, and, on the other hand, the inhibition of the degradation of pyrimidine bases such as 5-fluorouracil (FUra).     

2005年第16届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛理论考试(2)

问题42-45:海藻在生态系统中起着非常重要的作用.它们在色素上也有很多变化.     

2005年第16届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛实验考试(2)

第2部分细胞生物学本部分包括3个实验：实验1：显微镜和细胞结构(15分)实验2：利用切片鉴定植物类型(15分)实验3：染色体组型分析(10分)总分40分,考试时间：90min。实验1显微镜和细胞结构(15分)要求本实验中,你要根据用不同显微镜拍摄的细胞图片：1)辨别这些细胞图像,判断是通过何种显微镜获得这些图片的。2)选择合适的显微技术完成特定的研究内容。31在所给的细胞图像中分辨各种细胞器并回答问     

Synthesis of (±)-Methyl 5-(1′,2′-Epoxy-2′,6′-dimethylcyclohexyl)-3-methyl-(2Z,4E)-2,4-pentadienoate

The effect of tripropyltin chloride (TPT) on transport systems in E. coli was investigated. The inhibition on uptakes of ¹⁴C-l-leucine, l-proline, adenine and methyl-(α-d-gluco)pyrano-side (α-methylglucoside) by TPT was examined. The active uptake of l-leucine which utilized ATP molecule as an energy source was 100% inhibited at the concentration of 10 µg/ml TPT. On the other hand, the uptake of l-proline which was generated by an “energied” membrane state of the cells was inhibited only 40% at the same concentration of TPT. α-Methylglucoside uptake was scarcely inhibited. Adenine uptake was intensely inhibited at 20 µg/ml TPT. The effect of the delayed addition of TPT on transport systems was also examined. l-Leucine incorporated into cells was completely released from cells by TPT. Leucine binding protein (LBP) was prepared from E. coli cells and the effect of TPT on LBP activity was examined. TPT scarcely inhibited LBP activity.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型(新疆株)E7基因的克隆与突变研究

目的：克隆分析人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)新疆株的研基因;并对E7基因进行突变改造,以比较野生型与突变型HPV16E7基因的功能。方法：根据从中国新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌活检组织标本中提取的DNA,进行PCR扩增获得HPV16E7基因,然后分别将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行DNA序列分析。根据HPV16E7基因的特点,分别设计点突变引物,用PCR的方法进行HPV16E7基因的点突变。结果：PCR检测显示扩增出HPV16(新疆株)E8基因;测序结果表明HPV16-XJ的研基因全长297bp,与德国标准株一致;利用设计突变位点的引物经PCR扩增,经序列测定后,分别得到了第70、172、271位碱基突变的HPV16E7基因;分别构建了野生型与单、双、三点突变的重组质粒pMD18-T-HPV16E7。结论：人乳头瘤病毒16型(新疆株)E7基因结构与德国标准株相同。HPV16E7基因多点突变的改造,为探索HPV16E7基因功能的变化和开展疫苗研究奠定了理论基础。