大脑皮层神经元上ATP激活的多电导单通道

用膜片箝技术的细胞贴附式（ｃｅｌｌ—ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ）和内面向外式（ｉｎｓｉｄｅ—ｏｕｔ）,在机械分离的新生大鼠的大脑皮层神经元上,记录到ＡＴＰ激活的单通道电流。按电流幅度可以分为三类,其电导分别为２０ｐＳ、３２ｐＳ和５８ｐＳ,各占全部开放事件数的１２％、６７％和２１％,其中３２ｐＳ为优势电导。三种电导状态之间可直接转换。３２ｐＳ和５８ｐＳ以及３２ｐＳ和２０ｐＳ之间的转换最为常见。结果表明：新生ＳＤ大鼠的大脑皮层神经元上存在ＡＴＰ激活的多电导单通道。     

兴奋性氨基酸加强高原低氧大鼠下丘脑前生长抑素原mRNA的表达

目的和方法：应用大鼠高原低氧模型及原位杂交技术和氨基酸测定法,研究下丘脑前生长抑素原（ＰＰＳ）ｍＲＮＡ表达和谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）、天门冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）含量的变化。结果：高原低氧组大鼠下丘脑Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ的含量明显增多,室周核、室旁核、弓状核ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目显著增加;而ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗抗剂氯铵酮,虽然对Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ含量无明显影响,但可使高原低氧大鼠下丘脑ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目减少     

电针和伤害性刺激条件下Fos在大鼠一些递质免疫阳性触液神经元中的表达

在电针和伤害性刺激条件下,分别可在大鼠的脑室和脑表面软膜部位的ＤｙｎＡ、Ｍ－Ｅｎｋ、Ｓｐ。ＮＴ、ＧＡＢＡ、ＤＢＨ及５－ＨＴ免疫阳性的接触脑脊液神经元中观察到ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因蛋白的表达。这些触液神经元有的位于管膜上皮浅表,有的位于上皮之间或下方,构成管膜上、管膜间或管膜下触液神经元,在室管膜间虽然也能观察到典型的双极神经元,但占多数为多极神经元,并且也能观察到含纤毛的柱状管膜上皮受膨体状神经终末的支配。     

764－3对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

为寻找新型有效的ＡⅡ拮抗剂,本实验应用细胞计数、￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入、逆转录─聚合酶链反应及放射免疫实验方法,研究了中药单体７６４－３对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）及其对照（ＷＫＹ大鼠）主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＡｓＭＣ）增殖的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：７６４－３可显著抑制ＡＳＭＣ增殖,并有剂量依赖性。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的７６４－３可极显著地抑制ＡＳＭＣ上ＡⅡ受体（ＡＴ＿１）的ｍＫＮＡ表达（ＳＨＲｓｐ下降７６．３％,ＷＫＹ大鼠下降６１．６％）,并可降低ＳＨＲｓｐＡＳＭＣ内ＡⅡ含量（下降２０％）。推测７６４－３对ＡＳＭＣ增殖的抑制作用可能部分地是由于降低了ＡＴ＿１受体的基固表达引起。比较其对两种大鼠ＡＳＭＣ的抑制效率,发现它对ＳＨＲｓｐ的ＡＳＭＣ的作用更强。     

美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的亚克隆及构建转基因鱼的表达载体

用限制性内切酶Ｐｓｔ Ｉ部分消解含有美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的ｐＣＴ５质粒,分离得到３２４ｂｐ的片段,将此片段亚克隆到ｐＵＣ１９质粒中,筛选到ｐＵＣ－ＡＦ重组子。从ｐＵＣ－ＡＦ重组子中,用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｒｄⅢ切下３２４ｂｐ的抗冻蛋白基因,再重组到含有ＳＶ４０病毒启动子的ｐＫＳＶ－１０的载体中,构建成转基因鱼的表达载体,此表达载何可用于鱼的基因转移的研究。     

人胎儿下丘脑视上区生长抑素神经元发生学的研究

本研究采用了免疫细胞化学方法,首次系统观察了２２例９—２７周引产人胎儿下丘脑视上区的视上核和视交叉上核内的生长抑素免疫反应神经元（Ｓｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｕｒｏｎ,简称ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元）的发生、发育的形态学特征。从１６周开始,在视上核（ＳｕｐｒａｏｐｔｉｃａｌｎｕｃｌｅｕｓＳＯＮ）和交叉上核（ＳｕｐｒａｃｈｉａｓｍａｔｉｅｎｕｃｌｅｕｓＳＯＮ）内可观察到ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元,在ＳＯＮ、ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元数随着胎龄增加而增多,到２２周时数量最多,以后随着胎龄增加ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元数出现逐渐减少现象;ＳＣＮ内的ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元在１８周和２２周时出现两次高峰,研究结果提示,ＳＯＮ和ＳＣＮ内的ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元在胚胎发育过程中出现消长现象,表明了ＳＯＭ－ＩＲ神经元在ＳＯＮ和ＳＣＮ内各有其独特的发育过程。     

新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元胞体ATP激活的离子通道及其特性

用膜片箝技术的细胞贴附式和内面向外式,在机械分离的新生ＳＤ大鼠的大脑皮层神经元上,记录到ＡＴＰ激活的离子通道。此通道的电导为３２ｐＳ,对Ｎａ~＋,Ｋ~＋和Ｃｓ~＋无选择性通透,而对Ｃｌ~－不通透。通道开放时间分布直方图多数需用双指数拟合,少数可用单指数拟合;通道关闭时间分布直方图均需用双指数拟合。通道的平均开放时间和开放概率均不依赖于膜电位;但通道的开放概率随着激动剂ＡＴＰ浓度的增加而增大。当电极内液无ＡＴＰ时,无通道电流。六烃季胶和美加明不能阻断此通道。上述结果表明,新生大鼠的大脑皮层神经元胞体可能存在ＡＴＰ激活的离子通道。     

大脑皮层神经元NMDA受全的单通道特性

本文和膜片箝技术对机械分离培养的大鼠大脑皮层神经元胞ＮＭＤＡ受体的单通道特性进行了研究,实验用细胞贴附和内面向外两种形式记录单离子通道的活动。电极液内含有ＮＭＤＡ或Ｌ－门冬氨酸时,在皮层神经元上常见电导为３５ｐＳ的离子通道。通道对Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋非选择必通透,对Ｃｌ＾－不通透,其平均开放时间和开放概率随超极化程度增大而降低。开放、关闭时间及ｂｕｒｓｔ时程的分布直方图均需双指数拟合。Ｍｇ＾２＋以电压     

SHRsp内脏阻力血管平滑肌钙通道动力学特征

用膜片箝全细胞钡电流方式比较成年雄性卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）及正常大鼠（Ｗｉｓｔａｒ）肠系膜动脉Ａ４－Ａ５分支阻力血管平滑肌电压依赖性钙通道的动力学特性。结果发现：１）两种大鼠该段均存在有Ｌ型与Ｔ型钙通道。２）峰值电流（ｐｅａｋＩＢａ２＋）幅度和密度ＳＨＲｓｐ均大于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠。３）通道激活时间常数（τａ）ＳＨＲｓｐ小于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,失活时间常数（τｉ）于箝制电压（ＨＰ）＝－４０ｍＶ时,两种大鼠无区别,ＨＰ＝－８０ｍＶ时,ＳＨＲｓｐ显著大于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ。４）和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比较,ＳＨＲｓｐ的稳态激活曲线（Ｄ∞）与稳态失活曲线（Ｆ∞）,均呈现左移。ＳＨＲｓｐ肠系膜动脉阻力血管平滑肌电压依赖性钙通道的如此特征更有利于胞外钙离子进入胞内。而关于内脏阻力血管的实验结果迄今鲜有报道。     

纳洛酮在延髓腹外侧加压区加强P物质引起的升压效应

目的：探讨Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）在延髓腹外侧加压区（ＶＳＭｐ）的升压效应是否与内源性阿片样物质有关。方法：氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉、人工呼吸,暴露延髓腹侧面,ＶＳＭｐ 敷贴ＳＰ等药物。结果：ＶＳＭｐ 敷贴ＳＰ可使血压呈剂量效应关系的明显增高,但心率无明显变化;在ＶＳＭｐ 给纳洛酮进行预处理,可显著增强ＳＰ的升压效应;应用神经元细胞体兴奋剂Ｌ谷氨酸钠到ＶＳＭｐ 可使血压显著升高。结论：ＳＰ 在ＶＳＭｐ 具有明显的升压作用,内源性阿片样物质在ＶＳＭｐ 对ＳＰ升压效应起拮抗作用,ＳＰ的升压效应可能是兴奋ＶＳＭｐ 的神经元细胞体实现的     

Ion channels activated by L-glutamate and GABA in cultured cerebellar neurons of the rat

Glutamate and GABA-receptor channels were investigated in explants of rat cerebellum grown in cell culture. The patch-clamp technique was used to examine neurons under whole cell clamp and the properties of channels were derived by analysis of glutamate and GABA-evoked current noise. In addition, single channel currents activated by glutamate were recorded from isolated outside-out patches of membrane. We found evidence for at least two types of glutamate receptor-channels in cerebellar cells. Some neurons exhibited a channel of 50 pS conductance with a Lorentzian noise spectrum of 5.9 ms time constant. Single channels were readily resolved both in whole cell clamp and excised patches. Other neurons possessed low conductance channels which produced two component spectra. Estimates of the single channel conductance gave a value of about 140 fS. GABA channel noise obtained from these cells was also fitted by two component spectra which gave single channel conductance of 16 pS.     

Spontaneous and GABA-induced single channel currents in cultured murine spinal cord neurons

Intracellular and patch clamp recordings were made from embryonic mouse spinal cord neurons growing in primary cell culture. Outside-out membrane patches obtained from these cells usually showed spontaneous single channel currents when studied at the resting potential (-56 +/- 1.5 mV). In 18 out of 30 patches tested, spontaneous single channel activity was abolished by making Tris+ the major cation on both sides of the membrane. The remaining patches continued to display spontaneous single channel currents under these conditions. These events reversed polarity at a patch potential of 0 mV and displayed a mean single channel conductance of 24 +/- 1.2 pS. Application of the putative inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (0.5-10 microM) to outside-out patches of spinal cord cell membrane induced single channel currents in 10 out of 15 patches tested. These channels had a primary conductance of 29 +/- 2.8 pS in symmetrical 145 mM Cl- solutions. Frequency distributions for the open times of these channels were well fit by the sum of a fast exponential term ("of") with a time constant tau of = 4 +/- 1.3 ms and a slow exponential term ("os") with a time constant tau os = 24 +/- 8.1 ms. Frequency distributions for channel closed times were also well fit by a double exponential equation, with time constants tau cf = 2 +/- 0.2 ms and tau cs = 62 +/- 20.9 ms.     

小脑皮质神经元K^＋单通道电流的生理特性

用膜片钳技术的细胞贴附式和内面向外式,在分离培养的新生大鼠小脑皮质颗粒细胞膜上记录到钾离子通道电流,有以下的生理特性,最常见的通道电导为２５ｐＳ,单通道电流幅度、开放时间、开放概率均受膜电位控制,通道开放时间分布直方图可用双指数拟合,无时间依赖性失活,不依赖钙离子,能被ＴＥＡ阻断,表明此通道可能为延迟整流型Ｋ＋通道。提示,小脑皮质颗粒细胞存在有不失活的２５ｐＳ钾离子通道,不同于文献报道的,可能是一种新亚型的钾离子通道。     

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor produced in recombinant baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells couples with endogenous G-proteins to activate ion channels.

Following the infection of insect ovarian cells (Sf9) with recombinant bearing the cDNA coding for the rat muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtype m3, ionic flux across the membrane in response to the application of ACh was examined electrophysiologically. We show that ACh activates potassium currents. The response is abolished when cells are treated with pertussis toxin. No ACh-induced currents are observed from uninfected cells or cells infected with virus which do not contain the cDNA coding for ACh receptors in its genome. The characteristics of single channel currents show time-dependent changes following the application of ACh. Initially, ACh activates brief channel currents with a conductance of about 5 pS. The conductance level of channels gradually increases in steps to 10 pS and then to 20 pS and 40 pS. At the same time, channel open probability also increases. Thereafter, additional channels appear, opening and closing independently of, or at times in synchrony with, the original channel.     

Halide permeation through 10 pS and 20 pS anion channels in human airway epithelial cells.

Halide permeability sequences were obtained from reversal potential measurements of single-channel currents through 10 pS and 20 pS anion channels in human airway epithelial cells. The sequences obtained were Cl- greater than I- greater than Br- greater than or equal to F- for the 10 pS channel and Cl- greater than I- greater than or equal to Br- greater than or equal to F- for the 20 pS channel. However, the permeability differences were not large, the greatest being 0.66 for the ratio of fluoride to chloride permeability in the 20 pS channel. Single-channel currents were also measured with solutions of constant halide concentration but varying ratios of chloride to fluoride ions. An anomalous mole fraction effect was observed for the 20 pS channel but not for the 10 pS channel, suggesting that the former is a multi-ion channel. Comparison of the halide permeability sequences of these two channels with those of whole-cell currents in other epithelial cells does not support their involvement in any of the known whole-cell epithelial currents.     

Nonstationary fluctuation analysis and direct resolution of single channel currents at postsynaptic sites.

In order to measure unitary properties of receptor channels at the postsynaptic site, the noise within the decay phases of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat hippocampal neurons was studied by nonstationary fluctuation analysis. Least squares scaling of the mean current was used to circumvent the wide variation in amplitude of postsynaptic currents. The variance of fluctuations around the expected current was analyzed to calculate single channel conductance, and fluctuation kinetics were studied with power spectra. The single channel conductance underlying the IPSC was measured as 14 pS, whereas that underlying the EPSC was 42 pS. Openings of the EPSC channel could also be resolved directly in low-noise whole-cell recordings, allowing verification of the accuracy of the fluctuation analysis. The results are the first measurements of the properties of single postsynaptic channels activated during synaptic currents, and suggest that the technique can be widely applicable in investigations of synaptic mechanism and plasticity.     

Single channel currents in adrenocortical cells

Single channel currents have been recorded from cell-attached patches of tumoral adrenocortical cells. Our experiments suggest the existence of three sets of potassium channels in the surface membrane of these cells. All channel types can be recorded in a given membrane patch but some patches have only one type of single channel currents. One channel type has a unitary conductance of about 103 pS. The other two channels have smaller conductances and opposite voltage dependence. In one case channels open on depolarization and have a single channel conductance of 31.6 pS. In the other case the probability of being in the open state increases on hyperpolarization and the single channel conductance is of 21 pS. These channels seem to be similar to the delayed and anomalous rectifying potassium channels seen in other preparations. The role of membrane ionic permeability in steroid release induced by ACTH is discussed.     

GABA-induced potassium channels in cultured neurons

When gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or baclofen were applied to cultured rat hippocampal neurons, single-channel potassium currents appeared after a delay of 30 s or more in patches of membrane on the cell surface isolated from the agonists by the recording pipette. The appearance of currents in patches not exposed to agonist, the delay in their appearance and the suppression of currents in cells pre-incubated with pertussis toxin indicate the involvement of an intracellular second messenger system. The channels were associated with a GABAB receptor rather than a GABAA receptor as they were blocked by baclofen, a GABAB antagonist, but were not affected by bicuculline, a GABAA antagonist. A feature of the single channel currents was their variable amplitude: they had a maximum conductance of ca. 70 pS and displayed many lower conductance states that were integral multiples of 5-6 pS. In several cells exposed to GABA or baclofen, first small currents and then progressively larger currents appeared: current amplitude was a multiple of an elementary current. It is suggested that binding of GABA to GABAB receptors activates a second messenger system causing opening of oligomeric potassium channels.