共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 625 毫秒
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采用树脂芯原位培育法,研究了纳帕海沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤氮的矿化特征。结果表明,铵态氮(NH4+-N)为沼泽、沼泽化草甸土壤中无机氮的主要存在形式,分别占无机氮含量的96.76%和75.24%,而硝态氮(NO3--N)为草甸土壤中无机氮的主要存在形式,占无机氮含量的58.77%。植物生长期内,纳帕海湿地土壤的净氮矿化速率表现为沼泽化草甸 > 草甸 > 沼泽,表明干湿交替的土壤环境更利于土壤氮矿化作用的进行,土壤中氮素有效性和维持植物可利用氮素的能力更强。整个生长季,沼泽和草甸土壤氮矿化为硝化作用,而沼泽化草甸土壤氮矿化为氨化作用。土壤硝态氮含量、有机质含量、碳氮比和含水量均对纳帕海沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤的氮矿化产生显著影响。 相似文献
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三江平原沼泽湿地景观空间格局变化 总被引:76,自引:6,他引:76
景观空间格局是指大小和形状不一的景观斑块在空间上的排列,它是景观异质性的重要表现,同时又是各种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的结果。这一研究可为环境资源的合理管理提供有价值的资料,已成为景观生态学研究的核心之一。通过选取斑块连接指数、分布质心和扩展等模型,来表征三江平原沼泽湿地景观近20a来空间格局变化情况。结果表明:(1)三江平原沼泽湿地的破碎化较为严重,斑块数量增加了46%,斑块密度净增加2倍。与1980年相比,1996年最大斑块面积缩小了63.57%,最大斑块周长缩短了52.47%。(2)三江平原沼泽湿地斑块间隙在不同时期都较大,且随着沼泽湿地面积的减小和斑块数量的增加,其斑块间隙越来越大,进一步说明沼泽湿地的破碎化较为厉害。(3)1980-1996年间三江平原沼泽湿地的分布质心向西南方向偏移了7.05km,1996-2000年向西北方向偏移了6.01km。(4)1980、1996、2000年三江平原沼泽湿地的扩展度分别接近于14.222、11.101和11.262。其值都远大于1,说明斑块形状与圆形相差较大,形状不规则。近20a来,人类活动对沼泽湿地空间格局变化的影响程度较大,1980-1996年尤为明显,而在1996-2000年,由于采取了保护措施,其影响程度开始变弱。 相似文献
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李文韬;胡尊英;张昆;李丽萍;仇玉萍;郭雪莲 《生态学杂志》2024,(6):1720-1727
近年来,受气候变化和人为活动的影响,滇西北高原湿地土地利用方式发生了改变。然而,关于土地利用方式对滇西北高原湿地土壤碳、氮储量的影响及机制尚不明确。本研究选取纳帕海的湿地、草甸和耕地为对象,分析不同土地利用方式和不同土层深度土壤有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)含量和储量的变化特征,阐明不同土地利用方式土壤碳、氮储量与生物量和土壤理化性质之间的耦合关系,探讨纳帕海土地利用方式对土壤碳氮储量影响的机制及主控因子。结果表明:湿地土壤的含水率、TOC、TN含量、地上生物量和地下生物量均显著高于耕地和草甸(P<0.05),容重则显著低于耕地和草甸(P<0.05)。0~100 cm土层深度,湿地、耕地和草甸土壤碳、氮储量总体上均随土层深度的增加而减少,湿地土壤碳、氮储量均最高,草甸碳、氮储量均最低。土壤有机碳储量与TOC、碳氮比、地上生物量均呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤全氮储量与含水率、TOC、TN、地上生物量均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与容重、碳氮比呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。土地利用方式、含水率、容重和TOC含量直接影响土壤碳储量,土壤深度、土地利用方式、碳氮比和TN含量直接影响土壤氮储量。综上,容重、含水率、碳氮比、地上生物量和地下生物量是影响纳帕海土壤碳、氮储量的主要因素,土壤碳和氮储量均表现为湿地>耕地>草甸,表明湿地排水疏干变为草甸或开垦为耕地,将导致纳帕海土壤碳和氮的损失。 相似文献
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塔里木河中下游地区湿地景观格局变化 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
在RS和GIS技术的支持下,结合塔里木河中下游的区域特点,确定了塔里木河中下游湿地景观分类系统.通过采用景观多样性指数、优势度、景观破碎化指数、分布质心和平均斑块形状指数等景观的空间格局指数,较系统地分析了1980~2000年塔里木河中下游湿地景观空间格局变化.结果表明:塔里木河中下游湿地的分布面积呈显著下降趋势.1980~1990年湿地面积减少,斑块数量和密度增加.1990~2000年湿地面积有所增加,斑块数量和密度持续增加;随着人类干扰强度增加,景观多样性增加,优势度降低,湿地的破碎化程度越来越大;湿地景观要素中,河渠湿地、水库坑塘湿地面积有所增加,而湖泊、滩地、沼泽面积均在不断减少,其中沼泽湿地面积减少幅度最大. 相似文献
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采用3S技术与植物群落研究法,对高原湿地纳帕海24a来的湿地植物群落分布格局及变化的研究结果表明:与24a前水生植物群落相比较。纳帕海水生植物群落类型、数量改变,原生群落不断减少或消失,耐污、喜富营养类群如水葱群落(Com.Scirpus tabernaemontani)、茭草群落(Com.Zizania caduciflora)、穗状狐尾藻群落(Com.Myriophyllum spicatum)、满江红(Com.Azolla imbricata)群落等大量出现;群落总数由24a前的9个增至当前的12个,其中挺水植物群落增加2个,浮叶植物群落增加1个,挺水植物群落增幅最大。由东向西、由南向北,纳帕海水生植物群落分布大致呈现出浮叶群落、挺水群落、沉水群落斑块状依次配置的水平格局规律。挺水植物群落分布面积最大,达528.42hm^2,其次是沉水植物群落,分布面积为362.50hm^2,浮叶植物群落分布面积最小,为70.23hm^2。随沉水群落、浮叶群落向挺水群落的演替,群落伴生种数量增加、优势种优势度减小、层次类型改变,群落结构变得更为复杂。纳帕海湿地水生植物群落分布格局及变化是对湿地环境变化的响应,表明了在人为干扰作用影响下,纳帕海湖岸线内移、水量减少、水质恶化等湿地水文条件的改变,致使湿地生态系统功能不断退化。 相似文献
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厦门滨海湿地景观格局变化研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
选取了厦门市1986年,1993年和2003年三个时期遥感影像解译数据作为基本信息源.在ArcGIS支持下,应用GIS技术获取滨海湿地基本数据,通过对景观格局指数的计算和分析,对过去17年间厦门滨海湿地的景观格局变化特征进行了研究.结果表明:湿地总面积呈下降趋势,由1986年的419.764km2下降至2003年的394.237km2,湿地斑块数量由1986年的810块增加至2003年的1092块.湿地景观破碎度不断增加,而研究区域湿地景观多样性指数和均匀度指数则下降. 相似文献
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吕旭湘;苟安颖;陈章敏;张塔星;谭进波;冉江洪 《生态学杂志》2024,(6):1747-1755
高寒湿地是青藏高原典型的湿地类型,具有重要的生物多样性维持和水源涵养作用,了解其景观格局变化及其影响因素对我国高寒湿地的保护与恢复具有重要意义。本研究基于GEE和Landsat卫星影像,采用随机森林分类方法提取了1987—2022年12期四川南莫且湿地国家级自然保护区沼泽湿地分布信息,分析了沼泽湿地景观格局时空变化及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)保护区沼泽湿地面积先减少再增加,整体减少了10.29%;(2)沼泽湿地与草甸的面积转换最剧烈,沼泽湿地累计向草甸转移4349.44 hm2;(3)沼泽湿地重心先向东北再向西南方向迁移,沼泽湿地分布范围整体向西南方向迁移;(4)沼泽湿地景观格局表现为破碎化程度先下降再升高,连通性先升高再下降,斑块形状趋于复杂,湿地景观趋向离散化发展;(5)生长季累积降水量、生长季均温是影响保护区沼泽湿地变化的主要影响因素。研究结果可为保护区高寒湿地的保护与恢复以及青藏高原高寒湿地生态安全建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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环渤海地区土壤有机碳库及其空间分布格局的研究 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
土壤碳库的研究和管理以及土地利用变化对土壤碳库的影响已成为全球变化研究中的核心内容.本文利用第2次土壤普查时环渤海地区1374个土壤剖面资料,对该地区土壤有机碳库进行了估算,结果表明,整个环渤海地区1m深的土壤有机碳库为2.1PgC.进一步分析该区域各土壤类型的有机碳库发现,棕壤的有机碳库最大,占该区域总有机碳库的55.6%,其次为潮土,占26.9%,风沙土和暗棕壤的土壤有机碳库则很小,仅占0.1%以下.对不同土壤类型的碳密度比较发现,沼泽土的碳密度最高,为22.9kgC·m-2,其次是暗棕壤,为16.04kgC·m-2;而风沙土的碳密度最低,为2.88kgC·m-2,再次是盐土,为6.0kgC·m-2.可见土地风沙化和盐碱化将极大地降低土壤的有机碳.此外,该地区表层土壤中的碳储量为673.30TgC,即约占总碳储量三分之一的土壤碳易受人类活动的影响.该地区土壤有机碳的水平分布主要为沿海地区、平原地区、西北部地区和山地丘陵区4个区域,其碳密度由大到小依次为山地丘陵区(森林)>西北部地区(农牧区)>平原地区(农业)>沿海地区(裸地).其分布规律不仅在一定程度上体现了气候和地形等因素的作用,而且充分反映了不同人类活动强度对土壤有机碳的影响.因此,加强该区域土地的保护和管理对于维护土壤有机碳和土地的持续利用极其重要. 相似文献
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土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数对高寒湿地退化的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探明高寒湿地土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数变化与湿地退化的关系,对退化湿地生态恢复具有重要意义。以若尔盖湿地自然保护区的相对原生沼泽(RPM)、轻度退化沼泽(LDM)、中度退化沼泽(MDM)、重度退化沼泽(HDM)和极重度退化沼泽(SDM)湿地土壤为对象,研究土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳组分含量及碳库管理指数对高寒湿地退化的响应。结果表明:0~100 cm范围内土层总有机碳(TOC)含量表现为RPM>LDM>MDM>HDM>SDM;与RPM相比,各退化湿地土壤的水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(PXOC)含量均降低,尤以MDM、HDM和SDM降低显著,其WSOC、DOC和PXOC含量的降幅分别为25.79%~76.76%、35.90%~92.81%、32.07%~80.06%。随着湿地退化程度的加剧,3种活性有机碳的分配比例逐渐增加,碳库管理指数却逐渐减小。由此可见,高寒湿地退化可能会通过增加湿地土壤有机碳活性,降低土壤碳"汇"能力和湿地土壤质量。 相似文献
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Derong Xiao Lei Deng Dong‐Gill Kim Chunbo Huang Kun Tian 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(6):2061-2076
Wetlands contain a large proportion of carbon (C) in the biosphere and partly affect climate by regulating C cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. China contains Asia's largest wetlands, accounting for about 10% of the global wetland area. Although previous studies attempted to estimate C budget in China's wetlands, uncertainties remain. We conducted a synthesis to estimate C uptake and emission of wetland ecosystems in China using a dataset compiled from published literature. The dataset comprised 193 studies, including 370 sites representing coastal, river, lake and marsh wetlands across China. In addition, C stocks of different wetlands in China were estimated using unbiased data from the China Second Wetlands Survey. The results showed that China's wetlands sequestered 16.87 Pg C (315.76 Mg C/ha), accounting for about 3.8% of C stocks in global wetlands. Net ecosystem productivity, jointly determined by gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration, exhibited annual C sequestration of 120.23 Tg C. China's wetlands had a total gaseous C loss of 173.20 Tg C per year from soils, including 154.26 Tg CO2‐C and 18.94 Tg CH4‐C emissions. Moreover, C stocks, uptakes and gaseous losses varied with wetland types, and were affected by geographic location and climatic factors (precipitation and temperature). Our results provide better estimation of the C budget in China's wetlands and improve understanding of their contribution to the global C cycle in the context of global climate change. 相似文献
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以中国森林、草地、湿地等主要陆地生态系统为研究对象,估算了植被和土壤有机碳固定量现状与近20年生态系统碳固定变化量,预测了未来20年3种不同社会经济发展情景下主要陆地生态系统的碳固定潜力,评估了我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定服务的现状、过去变化及未来潜力。结果表明:(1)2010年,中国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量达17.29PgC,其中植被碳固定量8.70PgC,30cm深度土壤有机碳固定量8.59PgC。其中,森林碳固定量占73.26%,草地占21.55%,湿地占5.18%。(2)1990-2000年,我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量减少了2.15%,其中森林、草地和湿地分别减少了1.12%、0.97%、20.19%。2000-2010年,碳固定总量增加了2.92%,其中森林增加了3.72%,草地和湿地分别减少了0.62%和5.59%。(3)前、后两个10年相比,碳固定总量从轻微下降转变为轻微上升趋势。其中,森林碳固定量从下降趋势转变为上升趋势,说明生态工程成效明显。草地碳固定量处于基本持衡态势,碳固定减少量和减少比例有所下降,湿地碳固定量的下降趋势亦有所缓解,说明草地退化、湿地破坏趋势有所遏制,但仍需要重点关注。(4)至2030年,3种社会经济发展情景下,我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量将呈现较明显的上升态势,增量可达430.11-498.06TgC,增加比例5.15-5.97%,以森林碳固定量增加为主,而草地碳固定服务呈现微弱减少态势。 相似文献
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固碳是湿地重要的生态系统服务功能之一.通过资料调研和分析,对我国湿地的固碳速率和固碳潜力进行了评价.结果表明,我国各种类型沼泽湿地总的固碳能力为4.91TgC·a-1.红树林湿地和沿海盐沼的固碳速率最高.我国湖泊湿地的固碳潜力为1.98TgC·a-1, 其中东部平原地区湖泊湿地的固碳速率和能力最大.恢复湿地可以提高我国陆地生态系统的固碳潜力,其中退田还湖和退田还泽的固碳潜力分别为30.26 GgC·a-1和0.22 GgC·a-1,而湿地保护工程在2005~2010年之间的固碳潜力为6.57 GgC·a-1. 相似文献
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Pete Smith 《Global Change Biology》2016,22(3):1315-1324
Despite 20 years of effort to curb emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in the 1990s, which presents a major challenge for meeting the international goal of limiting warming to <2 °C relative to the preindustrial era. Most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models require large‐scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) to reach the 2 °C target. A recent analysis of NETs, including direct air capture, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation/deforestation, showed that all NETs have significant limits to implementation, including economic cost, energy requirements, land use, and water use. In this paper, I assess the potential for negative emissions from soil carbon sequestration and biochar addition to land, and also the potential global impacts on land use, water, nutrients, albedo, energy and cost. Results indicate that soil carbon sequestration and biochar have useful negative emission potential (each 0.7 GtCeq. yr?1) and that they potentially have lower impact on land, water use, nutrients, albedo, energy requirement and cost, so have fewer disadvantages than many NETs. Limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a NET centre around issues of sink saturation and reversibility. Biochar could be implemented in combination with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Current integrated assessment models do not represent soil carbon sequestration or biochar. Given the negative emission potential of SCS and biochar and their potential advantages compared to other NETs, efforts should be made to include these options within IAMs, so that their potential can be explored further in comparison with other NETs for climate stabilization. 相似文献
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碳汇林能够固定大气二氧化碳,在缓解全球变暖中起着重要的作用,研究南亚热带地区不同造林模式碳汇林土壤碳的累积,有助于为不同造林模式的碳汇林土壤碳汇功能评价提供科学依据。采用单因素随机区组设计,对立地条件基本一致的研究区采用新造林(Ⅰ)、封山育林(Ⅱ)和补植套种(Ⅲ) 3种造林模式进行碳汇造林,从而研究不同造林模式土壤碳积累与碳汇功能。结果表明:碳汇造林5年期间,土壤全碳含量差异显著,不同造林模式0—20 cm土壤层碳含量差异显著(P0.05),其变化幅度最大,介于(-0.861±1.893)—(3.021±1.577) g C/kg之间。经过接近5年的碳汇造林,不同造林模式0—60 cm土壤层碳储量变化量介于(-2.233±3.540)—(8.670±2.342) Mg C/hm2之间,其中新造林(Ⅰ)与补植套种(Ⅲ)土壤碳储量变化量差异极显著(P0.01);碳汇造林5年,土壤碳储量显著增加,各造林模式土壤碳汇量由大到小依次为Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ,封山育林(Ⅱ)和补植套种(Ⅲ)的土壤碳汇效益显著。采取新造林模式的初始5年,不利于土壤的碳积累,而采取补植套种模式既有利于土壤碳固定,也有利于土壤碳的积累。 相似文献
17.
Nadia I. Maaroufi Annika Nordin Niles J. Hasselquist Lisbet H. Bach Kristin Palmqvist Michael J. Gundale 《Global Change Biology》2015,21(8):3169-3180
It is proposed that carbon (C) sequestration in response to reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition in boreal forests accounts for a large portion of the terrestrial sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. While studies have helped clarify the magnitude by which Nr deposition enhances C sequestration by forest vegetation, there remains a paucity of long‐term experimental studies evaluating how soil C pools respond. We conducted a long‐term experiment, maintained since 1996, consisting of three N addition levels (0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha?1 yr?1) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden to understand how atmospheric Nr deposition affects soil C accumulation, soil microbial communities, and soil respiration. We hypothesized that soil C sequestration will increase, and soil microbial biomass and soil respiration will decrease, with disproportionately large changes expected compared to low levels of N addition. Our data showed that the low N addition treatment caused a non‐significant increase in the organic horizon C pool of ~15% and a significant increase of ~30% in response to the high N treatment relative to the control. The relationship between C sequestration and N addition in the organic horizon was linear, with a slope of 10 kg C kg?1 N. We also found a concomitant decrease in total microbial and fungal biomasses and a ~11% reduction in soil respiration in response to the high N treatment. Our data complement previous data from the same study system describing aboveground C sequestration, indicating a total ecosystem sequestration rate of 26 kg C kg?1 N. These estimates are far lower than suggested by some previous modeling studies, and thus will help improve and validate current modeling efforts aimed at separating the effect of multiple global change factors on the C balance of the boreal region. 相似文献
18.
Derong Xiao Kun Tian Hua Yuan Yuming Yang Ningyun Li Shouguo Xu 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2008,3(3):338-343
Using GPS technology and community research methods for plant communities, we investigated the distribution patterns of aquatic
plant communities in the high plateaus of the Napahai Wetlands, Yunnan, China, as well as the species changes of plant communities
compared with that of 24 years ago since 2005. We found that the types and numbers of aquatic plant communities have changed.
Some pollution-tolerant, nutrient-loving plant communities such as Scirpus tabernaemontani, Zizania caduciflora, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Azolla imbricata flourished, while the primary aquatic plant communities were reduced or even disappeared. The number of aquatic plant communities
were increased from nine to 12 with the addition of two new emergent plant communities and one new floating-leaved plant community.
The increase in emergent plant communities was significant. From east to west and from south to north, various types of plant
communities were continuously distributed, including floating-leaved plant communities, emergent plant communities and submerged
plant communities. The composition of the communities became more complicated and the number of accompanying species increased,
while the percentage ratio of dominant plant species declined. In 2005, the coverage of emergent plant communities was the
largest (528.42 hm2) followed by submerged plant communities (362.50 hm2) and the floating-leaf plant communities was the smallest (70.23 hm2). The variations in the distribution of aquatic plant communities in the Napahai Wetlands reflect the natural responses to
the change of the wetland ecological environment. This study indicates that human disturbances have led to an inward movement
of the wetland shoreline, a decrease in water quality and a reduction in wetland habitat.
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Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(11): 3624–3630 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献