Medicinal and other economic plants of the Paya of Honduras

To collect information regarding Paya plant use practices, especially ethnomedical applications, an ethnobotanical study was conducted at the Santa Maria del Carbon community in north-central Honduras. Scientific and Paya names have been provided for 68 plants used for medicine, 40 used for food, 23 used as sources of wood, 8 used for beverages, 7 used in artifact manufacture and 10 used in other ways. Also, a list of 25 species is included for which the Paya have a name but no known use.     

Ethnobotany of the Jicaque of Honduras

An ethnobotanical study was conducted among the Jicaque Indians of the Montana de la Flor reservation in central Honduras to collect information regarding their plant-use practices. The data, including vernacular names, ecological settings, and uses, were recorded during collecting forays with Jicaque informants. Scientific and Jicaque names have been provided for 23 plant species used for food, 11 used for medicine, 4 used for beverages, 3 used as sources of wood, 5 in artifact manufacturing, and 3 used in other ways. Also, a list of 43 species is included for which the Jicaques have a name but no known use.     

抗菌药物应用现状的分析

目的 分析新乡市中心医院治疗败血症时抗菌药物的应用现状,加强质量控制的监督和检查,使抗生素合理使用。方法 对2000年7月～2003年7月住院的败血症患者抗菌药物的应用现状作回顾性调查。结果 治疗败血症共用50种抗菌药物,使用803人次,居前3位药物依次为3代头孢菌素类202人次（25．16％）、喹诺酮类160人次（19．93％）、大环内酯类93人次（11．58％）;单用占67．71％,2联使用占30．19％,3联使用占2．10％;3年平均住院费增长率为16％。结论 全部用药基本合理。由于抗生素的正确使用,使该院在治疗败血症方面取得好的效果。     

控释前列腺素E2^-普贝生用于足月妊娠引产的疗效观察

目的：探讨控释前列腺素E2栓剂普贝生用于足月妊娠引产的有效性及安全可行性。方法：将本院2008年12月2009年4月有引产指征的足月妊娠孕妇140例随机分成两组,研究组以普贝生用药,对照组行催产素静滴引产,比较两组产妇Bishop评分、引产费用、临产时间、破膜时间、分娩时间、总产程时间、分娩情况和结局以及新生儿体重及评分。结果：普贝生组用于足月妊娠引产效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）,研究组用药至临产时间显著短于对照组（P〈0.01）,引产成功率高于对照组,对母婴影响无显著差别。结论：普贝生是一种安全有效方便实惠的新型引产药物,对母婴没有明显不良影响,可在临床上应用。     

Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Waste Waters of Vegetable-Processing Plants

Waters used in washing, blanching, cooling, and conveying vegetables during processing for freezing were filtered, sterilized, and inoculated with Streptococcus faecalis, S. lactis, or Lactobacillus plantarum. The contents of total nitrogen and total solids were determined, and ninhydrin tests and Benedict's tests for reducing sugars were performed. Substances positive to the ninyhydrin tests and also capable of supporting the growth of the bacteria to high levels of population were found in waters used to blanch cut green beans, but not in the cooling or conveying waters. They were found only in waters following slicing of blanched whole beans. They were also present in waters used in processing purple hull peas at all stages, but only in the waters used to blanch and cool lima beans. The substances were present in waters used to wash and blanch squash, but only in the waters used to blanch greens; they were not found in the cooling waters during the handling of either vegetable. No waters used in the processing of okra yielded a positive ninhydrin test, nor did they support the growth of the lactic acid bacteria.     

Energy conservation through recycling of used oil

This study concentrates on the investigation of energy and environmental benefits for used oil pertaining to its reuse through: (i) recovering the heating value of used oils in a combustion process and (ii) re-refining of used oil to produce fresh lube oil products. Tests were made with the used oil samples by ICP technique and the results were compared with standard requirements. We have found that the problems could successfully be solved through used oil management practices including collection centers, transporters, and processors by providing encouragement and financial support towards the re-refining industry. The novelty and value of our work lies in the conclusion that reformulation of motor oil results in lower levels of hazardous elements in used oils.     

Avoidance of used endometrial sites by blastocysts of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus

In bank voles blastocysts arising from mating immediately after parturition do not implant in used zones of the preceding pregnancy but in the regions between them. However, if mating is postponed until 12 or more days after parturition blastocysts do implant in used zones of the previous pregnancy. Implantations also occur at zones used two pregnancies previously. It seems likely that the absence of implantations at recently used zones of the uterus is determined by the uterus rather than blastocysts.     

Measurement of bacterial adhesion-in vitro evaluation of different methods

The adhesion of bacteria to host tissue is the first step in pathogenesis. Similarly, bacterial adhesion to inanimate surfaces is the first step in formation of biofilms-a real problem in industrial processes and medical devices. Various agents capable of blocking the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces have been identified, such as probiotics, which are supposed to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal mucosa. Although measurement of bacterial adhesion is important itself, especially when agents used to prevent adhesion are developed, a relative small number of techniques can be used in the measurement of adhesion. These techniques are not well validated and there is lack of studies where those methods are compared to each other. Here we have compared different commonly used methods to measure adhesion of bacteria; radioactive labelling, fluorescence tagging, and staining of bacteria. The methods were used to measure the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to intestinal mucus. Moreover, selected probiotic strains were used to study whether probiotics or the adhesion method used affected the results. As a result, we show that the best reproducibility and sensitivity were obtained using radioactive labelling. With other methods, the sensitivity was too low due to poorly adhering bacteria and low signal-to-background ratio.     

Treatment of alcoholism; problems arising from the substitution of other drugs in therapy

Of the 139 patients admitted to hospital for chronic alcoholism, 32 had been taking other drugs also, and 17 were addicted to the drugs. Of the 32 patients, 16 used barbiturates, and 8 were addicted. Five took large amounts in suicidal attempt. Ten patients combined still other drugs with alcohol and barbiturates; and seven of them were addicted to barbiturates. Of the six patients combining alcohol with drugs other than barbiturates, two were addicted to the use. Of the 16 patients who used drugs other than barbiturates, eight used one or more opiates such as meperidine, morphine, codeine or dihydromorphinone. Four used stimulants such as benzedrine or dexedrine, alone or in combination. Still other drugs were used in some combination by 32 patients.     

Mechanism of action of Escherichia coli endonuclease III

Endonuclease III isolated from Escherichia coli has been shown to have both N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activities. A nicking assay was used to show that the enzyme exhibited a preference for form I DNA when DNA containing thymine glycol was used as a substrate. This preference was reduced or eliminated either when the DNA was relaxed or when the type of damage was altered to urea residues or AP sites. The combined N-glycosylase/AP endonuclease activity was at least 10-fold higher than the AP endonuclease activity alone when urea-containing DNA was used as a substrate as compared to AP DNA. When DNA containing thymine glycol was used as a substrate, the combined N-glycosylase/AP endonuclease activity was about 2-fold higher than the AP endonuclease activity. Yet, when DNA containing thymine glycol or urea was used as substrate, no apurinic sites remained. Furthermore, magnesium selectively inhibited endonuclease III activity when AP DNA was used as a substrate but had no effect when DNA containing either urea or thymine glycol was used as substrate. These data suggest that both the N-glycosylase and AP endonuclease activities of endonuclease III reside on the same molecule or are in very tight association and that these activities act in concert, with the N-glycosylase reaction preceding the AP endonuclease reaction.     

Use of antibiotics for the prevention of postoperative suppurative complications in planned surgery

Two methods for antibiotic prophylaxis in scheduled surgical treatment were studied comparatively. In the main group antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to 621 operations was started simultaneously with premedication, the duration of the course being defined by the operation type. With respect to 252 pure operations antibiotics were not used in 69.8 per cent of the cases or used for 2-3 days in 27.8 per cent of the cases. With respect to 253 conditionally pure operations shorter courses of antibiotic prophylaxis, i.e. for 2-3 days were used in 50.2 per cent of the cases. In the control group the antibiotics were used after operations in mean therapeutic doses, the duration of the course being defined by the clinical findings. The number of purulent complications in the main group decreased, while the amounts of the antibiotics used were much lower.     

右美托咪定在临床麻醉中的应用进展

右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,Dex)是一种高度选择性α2肾上腺素受体激动剂,自1999年被FDA批准作为一种短期的镇静-镇痛药在重症监护室使用以来,Dex广泛应用于整个围术期的镇静和镇痛,即可作为术前用药,又可作为一种兼用于一般性和区域性的麻醉药,或是作为术后镇静和镇痛药。目前研究表明,Dex是许多临床应用的一种有效药物,该药已在减少阿片样药物、苯二酚和异丙酚的需求中显示出其功效。在广泛的临床条件中,Dex即被认为是一种有效的、安全的辅药,又已成为一种有效的治疗剂,其在临床麻醉应用中具有广泛的前景。本文从Dex的作用机制、围术期使用、术后使用、ICU镇静、清醒光纤插管、心脏外科手术及肥胖患者外科手术中应用等方面对其在临床麻醉中的应用现状作一综述,为Dex的临床应用及基础研究提供理论依据。     

Review of enucleation methods and procedures used in animal cloning: state of the art

Enucleation of a recipient oocyte is a crucially important process for nuclear transfer efficiency. Several procedures have been developed and used in the production of nuclear transfer embryos. Although the use of excitable fluorochromes and ultraviolet (UV) light are commonly used for complete enucleation, they also pose the risk of damaging the maternal cytoplast. Telophase and chemically assisted enucleation have also been used for cloning, but the quality and quantity of the recipient cytoplasm varies with the procedure used. This paper reviews various methods used for enucleation, and discusses their benefits and limitations with respect to cloning efficiency.     

The utilization of mustards

The best known usage of members of the mustard group is as the basis for condiment, but some of the species are important as oil seeds. The leaves are widely used as a vegetable, especially in the Far East, while in temperate agriculture mustards are extensively used as green manures, cover crops, and fodder. Oilcake residues after expressing are used as fertilizers.     

PCR use of highly conserved DNA regions for identification of Sinorhizobium meliloti

A PCR identification method in which four primers that recognize homologous conserved regions in the Sinorhizobium meliloti genome are used was developed and tested. The regions used for identification were the nodbox 4 locus, which is located in one of the symbiotic megaplasmids, and the mucR gene, which is located in the chromosome. The new method was used to establish a collection of S. meliloti strains from polluted soils.     

山珍补益膏的营养研究

山珍补益膏含有较高含量的各种必需氨基酸、微量元素和维生素。     

分子遗传标记技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用

分子生物学技术应用于昆虫系统学研究在近些年发展相当迅速。目前已出现了几十种分子遗传标记。该文简述了酯酶同工酶电泳、核酸序列分析以及AFLP、RAPD、核酸探针等分子生物学技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用情况。     

Regulation of extracellular laccase production of Agaricus bisporus by nitrogen sources in the medium

Abstract The substrate specificity of cystathionine γ-synthase (EC 4.2.99.9) in various bacteria was examined. O-Succinyl- l -homoserine was used preferably as a substrate by facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria belonging to such genera as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Erwinia, Serratia, Proteus and Salmonella . Among Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Alcaligenes also used O -succinyl- l -homoserine in preference to O -acetyl- l -homoserine. On the other hand, bacteria belonging to the genera Agrobacterium and Flavobacterium used O -acetyl- l -homoserine preferably. As to Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Bacillus used O -acetyl- l -homoserine exclusively. Bacteria belonging to the genera Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium and Arthrobacter used both O -acetyl- and O -succinyl- l -homoserine to similar extents.     

三种膀胱穿刺造瘘术在44例患者的比较

目的:探讨临床常用耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘的方法的优劣及需要注意的问题。方法:采用三件套穿刺套件行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘16例,一次性穿刺套件19例,经皮肾穿刺套件9例,分析各组在手术时间,成本费用及并发症的差异。结果:44例病例均顺利完成手术操作,出现并发症15例次,严重并发症1例,出现并发症病例经适当处治后均治愈或好转。其中3件套组的手术平均用时(10±2.3)min、稍高于一次性组(6±1.4)min、但前者的费用明显低于后者(P<0.05);而经皮肾组的手术平均用时最长,但并发症明显低于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论:采用三件套穿刺套件手术时间短,成本低并发症少,经皮肾穿刺套件最为安全,膀胱穿刺造瘘术在充分术前准备,规范操作,严密术后随访是一种安全有效的治疗手段。     

Computer tomographic investigation of subcutaneous adipose tissue as an indicator of body composition

Background  

Modern computer tomography (CT) equipment can be used to acquire whole-body data from large animals such as pigs in minutes or less. In some circumstances, computer assisted analysis of the resulting image data can identify and measure anatomical features. The thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue at a specific site measured by ultrasound, is used in the pig industry to assess adiposity and inform management decisions that have an impact on reproduction, food conversion performance and sow longevity. The measurement site, called "P2", is used throughout the industry. We propose that CT can be used to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and identify novel measurement sites that can be used as predictors of general adiposity.