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1.
The effects of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and electro-pulses on rooting and shoot growth were studied in vitro, using olive
shoot cultures. Tested shoots were obtained from seedlings belonging to three Spanish cultivars, ‘Arbequina’, ‘Manzanilla
de Sevilla’ and ‘Gordal Sevillana’, which have easy-, medium- and difficult-to-root rooting abilities, respectively. The standard
two-step rooting method (SRM), consisting of root induction in olive rooting medium supplemented with 0, 0.1 or 1 mg/l IBA
followed by root elongation in the same rooting medium without IBA, was compared with a novel one-step method consisting of
shoot electro-pulses of 250, 1,250 or 2,500 V in a solution of IBA (0, 0.1 or 1 mg/l) and direct transferral to root elongation
medium. The rooting percentage of the seedling-derived shoots obtained with the SRM was 76% for ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Gordal Sevillana’
cultivars and 100% for ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ cultivar, whereas with the electro-pulse method, the rooting percentages were
68, 64 and 88%, respectively. IBA dipping without pulse produced 0% rooting in ‘Arbequina’ seedling-derived shoots. The electroporation
in IBA not only had an effect on shoot rooting but also on shoot growth and development, with longer shoots and higher axillary
shoot sprouting and growth after some of the treatments. These effects were cultivar-dependent. The electro-pulse per se could
explain some of these effects on shoot development.
I.M.G. Padilla and I. Vidoy contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
2.
J. Y. Choi H. J. Kim C. H. Lee J. M. Bae Y. S. Chung J. S. Shin N. I. Hyung 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):274-279
Summary An efficient and simple plant regeneration system via organogenesis from leaf segments of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Nishimurawase’ has been developed. The regeneration capacity was influenced by the culture
vessels, gelling agents, plant growth regulators, and light conditions. Leaf explants taken from in vitro shoots were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS1/2N), for 16 wk without transfer to fresh medium. Adventious
shoots appeared after 4 and 8 wk in culture of ‘Nishimurawase’ and ‘Fuyu’ tissues, respectively. The culture of leaf explants
in Erlenmeyer flasks with medium containing 4 g l−1 agar enhanced shoot formation in comparison to media with increased agar concentrations. Optimal shoot regeneration was obtained
with 5 mg l−1 (22.8 μM) zeatin and 0.1 mg l−1 (0.05 μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for ‘Nishimurawase’, and 10 mg l−1 (45.6 μM) zeatin and 0.1 mg l−1 (0.05 μM) IBA for ‘Fuyn’. Shoot regeneration frequencies in both cultivars were 100%, and shoot numbers per explant reached up to
9.2 for ‘Nishimurawase’ and 2.2 for ‘Fuyu’. Dark incubation during the first 4–5 wk was the most effective condition to successfully
influence shoot regeneration in both cultivars. While dark incubation was essential for adventitious shoot formation by ‘Fuyu’,
it was only slightly beneficial to ‘Nishimurawase’. More than 80% of the regenerated shoots rooted within 4 wk on hormone-free
MS1/2N demium after having been dipped for 30 s in 250 mg l−1 (1.1. mM) IBA solution. 相似文献
3.
Breeding linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using haploid techniques allows breeders to develop new cultivars in a shorter time period. Many research groups successfully
created new linseed genotypes through anther culture; however ovary culture has been the subject of only a few earlier studies.
In the present study, the effect of genotype and growth regulators combination on callus induction and shoots regeneration
in ovary culture of nine commercially important linseed cultivars was investigated. Ovaries were cultured on modified MS medium
supplemented with three different combinations of plant growth regulators. Variable callogenic responses were expressed by
all of the genotypes tested on different induction media. The results suggested that specific combination of growth regulators
for callus induction must be designed for each genotype. Shoot regeneration from ovary derived callus is a critical phase
of the whole gynogenetic process. Differences in adventitious shoot formation frequency among genotypes were demonstrated
and four responsive genotypes have been selected. Ovary derived callus from cultivar ‘Mikael’ manifested the highest adventitious
shoot formation frequency with a high number of shoots per explant. The optimum ratio of growth regulators for shoot regeneration
was shown to depend on the genotype. Cultivars ‘Linola’, ‘Mikael’ and ‘Szaphir’ showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency
when callus had originated on induction medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 BAP and 2 mg L−1 NAA, while combination of 1 mg L−1 BAP and 2 mg L−1 IAA promoted shoot formation in ovary-derived callus of ‘Barbara’. The highest rate of shoots per explant has been obtained
in second subculture. 相似文献
4.
Summary Carbohydrate type and concentration and their interactive effects on in vitro shoot proliferation of three lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. vitis-idaea L.) cultivars (‘Regal’, ‘Splendor’, and ‘Erntedank’) and two V. vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd) clones (‘NL1’ and ‘NL2’) were studied. Nodal explants were grown in vitro on medium with 2 μM zeatin and either glucose, sorbitol, or sucrose at a concentration of 0, 10, 20, or 30 gl−1. The interactive effects of carbohydrate type and concentration and genotype were important for shoot proliferation. The
best response was afforded by sucrose at 20 gl−1 both in terms of explant response and shoot developing potential, although glucose supported shoot growth equally well, and
in ‘NL1’ at 10 gl−1 it resulted in better in vitro growth than sucrose. Carbohydrate concentration had little effect on shoot vigor. The genotypes differed in terms of shoots
per explant, length, and vigor, leaves per shoot, and callus formation at the base of explants; this was manifested with various
types and concentrations of carbohydrate. Changing the positioning of explants on the medium from vertically upright to horizontal
increased the shoot and callus size, but decreased shoot height and leaves per shoot. Proliferated shoots were rooted on a
peat:perlite (1∶1, v/v) medium and the plantlets were acclimatized and eventually established in the greenhouse. 相似文献
5.
Efficient in vitro regeneration systems for Vaccinium species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julia Meiners Melanie Schwab Iris Szankowski 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,89(2-3):169-176
Efficient protocols for shoot regeneration from leaf explants suitable for micropropagation as well as for the development
of transgenic plants were developed for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) cultivars. Nodal segments were used to initiate in vitro shoot cultures of lingonberry cultivar ‘Red Pearl’ and southern
highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Ozarkblue’. In order to develop an optimized regeneration procedure, different types and concentrations
of plant growth regulators were tested to induce adventitious shoot regeneration on excised leaves from micropropagated shoots
of both cultivars. The effect on percentage regeneration and number of shoots per explant was investigated. Results indicated
that zeatin was superior to TDZ and meta-topolin in promoting adventitious shoot formation. A concentration of 20 μM zeatin
was most effective in promoting shoot regeneration in both cultivars, in case of ‘Red Pearl’ along with 1 μM NAA. Shoots were
either allowed to root in vitro on medium containing IBA or NAA or ex vitro in a fog tunnel. IBA was superior to NAA for induction
of root development in vitro in both Vaccinium cultivars. Ex vitro rooting under high humidity was tested with cuttings from mature field-grown plants, from acclimatized
tissue culture derived plants and with unrooted in vitro proliferated shoots planted directly. It was found that in vitro
shoots rooted better under fog than cuttings from the other plant sources and rooting was equivalent to that achieved in vitro. 相似文献
6.
Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of southern highbush blueberry cultivars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cheng Liu Pete Callow Lisa J. Rowland James F. Hancock Guo-qing Song 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,103(1):137-144
Protocols were developed to optimize adventitious shoot regeneration from four southern highbush blueberry cultivars. Leaf
explants from 6 week-old shoots of the four cultivars were excised and cultured on woody plant medium each containing thidiazuron
(4.54 or 9.08 μM), zeatin (18.2 μM), or zeatin riboside (5.7 or 11.4 μM) either separately or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic
acid at 2.69 μM. Optimum medium for shoot regeneration was genotype-dependent. Efficient regeneration was obtained at frequencies
of 88.9% for ‘Jewel’, 87.8% for ‘Emerald’, 53.3% for ‘Jubilee’ and 87.8% for ‘Biloxi’. Leaf explants of newly developed shoots
from the cultures having undergone five subcultures had higher regeneration frequencies than those having undergone two subcultures.
Regenerated shoots, 80–100% for each cultivar, rooted in 8 weeks after transplantation to soil. The regeneration systems described
have potential use in genetic transformation of southern highbush blueberry cultivars. 相似文献
7.
Plants with leaves having numerous trichomes or domatia frequently harbor greater numbers of phytoseiid mites than do plant
with leaves that lack these structures. We tested the hypothesis that this pattern occurs, in part, with Typhlodromus pyri because trichomes increase the capture of pollen or fungal spores that serve as alternative food. Using a common garden orchard,
we found that apple varieties with trichome-rich leaves had 2–3 times more pollen and fungal spores compared to varieties
with trichome-sparse leaves. We also studied the effects of leaf trichome density and pollen augmentation on T. pyri abundance to test the hypothesis that leaf trichomes mediate pollen and fungal spore capture and retention and thereby influence
phytoseiid numbers. Cattail pollen (Typha sp.) was applied weekly to mature ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Red Delicious’ trees grown in an orchard and, in a separate experiment,
to potted trees of the same varieties. ‘McIntosh’ trees have leaves with many trichomes whereas leaves on the ‘Red Delicious’
trees have roughly half as many trichomes. With both field-grown and potted trees, adding cattail pollen to ‘Red Delicious’
trees increased T. pyri numbers compared to ‘Red Delicious’ trees without pollen augmentation. In contrast, cattail pollen augmentation had no effect
on T. pyri populations on ‘McIntosh’ trees. Augmentation with cattail pollen most likely supplemented a lower supply of naturally available
alternative food on ‘Red Delicous’ leaves and thereby enhanced predator abundance. These studies indicate that larger populations
of T. pyri on pubescent plants are due, in part, to the increased capture and retention of pollen and fungal spores that serve as alternative
foods.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Summary An improved protocol for shoot regeneration from hypocotyl segments of seedlings from open-pollinated seeds of lingonberry
(Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cultivars, ‘Ida’, ‘Splendor’, and ‘Erntesegen’, and a native clone from Newfoundland was developed. The effect of thidiazuron
(TDZ) on adventitious bud and shoot formation from apical, central, and basal segments of the hypocotyl was tested. Highly
regenerative callus was obtained from hypocotyl segments on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium containing 5–10 μM TDZ. A maximum of 10 buds and 12 shoots per apical segment for seedlings of cultivar ‘Ida’ regenerated on MMS containing
10 μM TDZ. Callus and bud regeneration frequency, callus growth, and number of buds and shoots per regenerating explant depended
not only on the specific segment of the hypocotyl, but also on parental genotype. Inhibition of shoot elongation by TDZ was
overcome by transferring shoot cultures to a shoot proliferation medium containing 1–2 μM zeatin. The optimal concentration of sucrose for shoot elongation was 20 gl−1. Shoots were rooted ex vitro on a 2 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) medium after dipping in 0.8% indole-3-butyric acid, and rooted plants acclimatized readily under
greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
9.
A study was conducted to determine which bud (terminal or lateral) breaks first, and thereby exerts primigenic dominance,
on ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, 1-year-old apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) shoots grown in two locations in the Western Cape, South Africa, with differing degrees of chilling. Primigenic dominance
of laterals was more common in a warm area than a cool area, and more common in ‘Granny Smith’ than ‘Golden Delicious’. Laterals
rarely broke before the terminal in ‘Golden Delicious’, and so differences in lateral development due to position of first
bud to break were only analyzed in ‘Granny Smith’ shoots from this point on in the study. In ‘Granny Smith’, lateral budbreak
and growth was influenced by the position of the first bud to break on the shoot, but did not differ between locations. On
‘Granny Smith’ shoots with primigenic dominance of the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth was suppressed, in accordance
with the typical ‘delayed foliation’ commonly observed in warm winter climates. However, when at least one lateral broke before
the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth were similar to previous observations in cold winter areas. 相似文献
10.
Cytokinins antagonize the jasmonates action on the regulation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber formation in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Debabrata Sarkar Suman Kumar Pandey Sushruti Sharma 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,87(3):285-295
Cucurbita pepo L. (squash, pumpkin) is a highly polymorphic vegetable species of major importance. Our study characterized a spectrum of C. pepo germplasm for the ability to regenerate in vitro by direct organogenesis from cotyledon explants. Cultivars tested included both cultivated subspecies, texana and pepo, and nearly all of their respective cultivar-groups. Direct shoot regeneration occurred in all accessions, and was generally high (56–94%), with a single exception of 22% (‘Bolognese’). There was no significant difference between the percentage regeneration of the two subspecies. Shoot regeneration per responding explant was uniform (1.2–1.6 shoots per explant). Only ‘True French’ produced statistically more shoots (3.9 per explant) than other accessions. The morphology of regeneration varied. Most cultivars produced long shoots, often fasciated, amid a few small buds. Some subspecies pepo cultivars (Beirut, Yugoslavia 7, Ma’yan and True French) produced short, massive, hollow shoots, sometimes accompanied by shoots that were more normal. Two subspecies texana cultivars (Creamy Straightneck and Small Bicolor) produced single (sometimes double) shoots without other buds. The production of chimeric (mixoploid) regenerants varied and there was a tendency to regenerate chimeric plants from the widest-fruited accessions (i.e. lowest length-to-width ratio) in each subspecies. Subspecies pepo Pumpkin Group ‘Tondo di Nizza’ showed significantly greater production of chimeric regenerants. In comparison with the great range of variation observed in fruit shape, the variation of in vitro responses (mostly less than 2-fold in regeneration and shoot production) was less than expected. 相似文献
11.
Jaroslav Ďurkovič 《Trees - Structure and Function》2008,22(4):597-602
Sprouting axillary buds sampled from a mature 27-year-old shrub of Cornus mas ‘Macrocarpa’ were used as starting material for in vitro culture establishment. Multiple shoot cultures, grown on basal woody
plant medium with the pH adjusted to 5.6–5.7 and supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine in combination with 1-naphthaleneacetic
acid, were capable of continuous axillary and adventitious shoot proliferation up to 1 year. Later on, growth ceased, shoot
tip necrosis appeared and shoot cultures died. Transfer of living shoots onto modified woody plant medium with the pH adjusted
to 6.8–7.0 led to vigorous growth of multiple shoot cultures without any loss of multiplication rates or decreased vitality
for several years. The use of 6-benzylaminopurine in combination with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid proved superior to the application
of thidiazuron which induced a frequent formation of short and fasciated shoots. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid promoted in vitro
adventitious rooting frequency up to 73.3%, whereas indole-3-butyric acid was not effective. Ex vitro acclimatized plants
did not show any visually detectable morphological variation. 相似文献
12.
Richard L. Bell Ralph Scorza Delores Lomberk 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,108(2):229-236
Adventitious shoot regeneration of twenty-four pear genotypes was compared in a common in vitro shoot induction and development
protocol. This study also compared cultures newly established from scionwood with cultures that been in long-term cold storage.
In vitro cultures of 13 Pyrus genotypes and budwood from 23 Pyrus genotypes were obtained from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon. With the exception of
one genotype of P. elaeagrifolia Pall., and ‘Ya Li’ (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis Teng & Tanabe), all were P. communis L. cultivars. The basal shoot induction media consisted of Chevreau and Leblay (CL) basal nutrients, vitamins, and organics
(Chevreau and Leblay in Acta Hortic 336: 263–268, 1993). The analysis of variance indicated that differences among genotypes were highly significant and the main effect of culture
origin was non-significant. However, there was a significant interaction between genotype and culture origin, with percentage
regeneration of ‘Abate Fetel’ from new budwood significantly greater than that from long-term in vitro cultures, while ‘Jesinji
Vodenac’ cultures derived from the old NCGR cultures regenerated significantly more adventitious shoots. The ranges of mean
regeneration frequency were similar for both in vitro (0–87.7%) and scionwood-derived cultures (0–70.7%). Maximum regeneration
was observed for ‘Conference’, followed by ‘Magness’, ‘Dr. Jules Guyot’, and Packham’s Triumph’. The range of number of adventitious
shoots was relatively narrow, with the minimum of 1.0 for seven genotypes to 2.2 for ‘Conference’. 相似文献
13.
Richard L. Bell Chinnathambi Srinivasan Delores Lomberk 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(6):708-714
The influence of the nutrient composition of plant tissue culture media on axillary shoot proliferation and their preconditioning
effect on subsequent adventitious shoot regeneration from pear leaves was investigated. The goal was to improve both micropropagation
and regeneration of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Beurre Bosc’ pear cultivars. Driver–Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) and Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL)
nutrient media were found to be superior to Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) for axillary shoot proliferation.
Shoots on WPM exhibited some chlorosis. Axillary shoot culture on DKW would be preferred to that on QL due to the production
of excessively short thin shoots on the latter medium. DKW also was superior to QL and MS for production of young expanding
leaves for use as explants in adventitious regeneration. Leaf explants derived from shoot proliferation cultures grown on
DKW or QL media produced more adventitious shoots than leaf explants from MS. 相似文献
14.
Photoautotrophic shoot and root development for triploid melon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adelberg Jeffrey Fujiwara Kazuhiro Kirdmanee Chalermpol Kozai Toyoki 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,57(2):95-104
The aim of this investigation was to establish environmental factors which promote growth and photosynthesis of melon (Cucumis
melo L.) shoot buds, in vitro, and determine if photoautotrophic shoots had superior root forming ability in photoautotrophic
environments. Buds from the triploid melon clone ‘(L-14×B)×L-14’ were observed for 21 days after transfer from a multiplication
MS medium with 3% sucrose and 10 μM benzyladenine (BA) to a shoot development medium with 1 μM BA at three levels of sucrose
in the medium (0, 1 and 3%), and light (50, 100 and 150 PPF) and CO2 (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) in the culture chamber. More shoot buds were observed with 3% sucrose in the medium. Increased light
and CO2 had a positive interaction with shoot proliferation. Fresh and dry weights were greatest at 3% sucrose, 150 PPF light and
1500 ppm CO2. Shoot buds grew more slowly in sugar-free medium, but fresh and dry weight still doubled over 21 days of culture. Net photosynthetic
rates (NPR) of buds were negative after four days in treatment conditions, but became positive after transfer to fresh, sugar-free
medium. Two triploid genotypes of melon were (1) grown in vitro with sugar (photomixotrophic) and without sugar (photoautotrophic),
(2) rooted in sugar-free media, both in a laboratory controlled environment chamber (in vitro) and a greenhouse acclimatization
unit (ex vitro), and (3) compared for subsequent nursery growth in the greenhouse unit. The genotype ‘(L-14×B)×L-14’ produced
more shoots than ‘(L-14×B)×Mainstream’ in both photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic conditions. ‘(L-14×B)×L-14’ rooted as
well from either photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic shoots but ‘(L-14×B)×Mainstream’ rooted less frequently from photoautotrophic
shoots. Seventy-six percent of the shoots in the laboratory controlled environment chamber were able to root photoautotrophically,
whereas 47% of the shoots in the greenhouse acclimatization unit were rooted. Between 77% and 88% of plantlets from all treatment
combinations survived transfer to the nursery. After growth in the nursery, the sizes of plants (fresh weight, dry weight,
leaf area) were the same for either genotype, from either photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic shoots. Nursery plants that
had been rooted in the laboratory controlled environment chamber were larger than those rooted in the acclimatization greenhouse
chamber.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Relationship of Pruning and Growth Morphology with Hormone Ratios in Shoots of Pillar and Standard Peach Trees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genotype and cultural management determine the shape of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch] tree canopies in orchards. Not well understood, however, is the relationship between terminal growth, lateral
branching, and shoot hormone levels that can fundamentally affect tree canopy development. In this experiment, two peach cultivars
with widely differing growth habits (Pillar, KV930479 and Standard, ‘Harrow Beauty’) were budded on ‘Lovell’ rootstock, planted
in the field in 1998, and characterized for shoot morphology and hormone concentrations in 2002 and 2003 (the fourth and fifth
leaf, respectively). Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and cytokinins (largely trans-zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, and
isopentenyladenosine) were measured in shoot tips (2002) and current-year shoots (2003) using mass spectrometry. In 2002,
Pillar trees had less sylleptic branching, more upright growth, and higher auxin and auxin-to-cytokinin ratios than Standard
trees. In Pillar trees in 2003, auxin concentrations and shoot growth were highest in current year shoots; in pruned trees,
only auxin levels increased. Peach tree growth habits may be the result of altered hormone metabolism. Growth forms leading
to superior production efficiency may be developed by selection based on specific target hormone concentrations and ratios. 相似文献
16.
Hypocotyl expiants from 22 cultivars ofCatharanthus roseus were cultured on various shoot-inducing media to assess their competence for adventitious shoot formation. The Murashige
and Skoog (MS) media had been supplemented with 14 μM zeatin and 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 4.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM
α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 14 μM thidiazuron and 2.5 μM IBA. After eight weeks, the expiants from ‘Cooler Raspberry
Red’ showed the greatest frequency of adventitious shoot formation, followed by ‘Cooler Orchid’ and ‘Cooler Treated’. The
highest frequency (86.7%) for ‘Cooler Raspberry Red’ was attained on the medium enhanced with 14 μM zeatin and 2.5 μM NAA.
Excised adventitious shoots were then readily rooted on a half-strength MS basal medium. Afterward, the regenerated plantlets
were transferred to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. 相似文献
17.
Shimpei Uraguchi Masako Kiyono Takuya Sakamoto Izumi Watanabe Katsuji Kuno 《Planta》2009,230(2):267-276
The contributions of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in cell walls, antioxidative enzymes and induction of phytochelatins (PCs)
to Cd tolerance were investigated in two distinctive genotypes of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). One cultivar of black oat ‘New oat’ accumulated Cd in the leaves at the highest concentration compared to another
black oat cultivar ‘Soil saver’ and other major graminaceous crops. The shoot:root Cd ratio also demonstrated that ‘New oat’
was the high Cd-accumulating cultivar, whereas ‘Soil saver’ was the low Cd-accumulating cultivar. Varied levels of Cd exposure
demonstrated the strong Cd tolerance of ‘New oat’. By contrast, low Cd-accumulating cultivar ‘Soil saver’ suffered Cd toxicity
such as growth defects and increased lipid peroxidation, even though it accumulated less Cd in shoots than ‘New oat’. Higher
activities of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1. 15. 1. 1) were observed in the leaves of
‘New oat’ than in ‘Soil saver’. No advantage of ‘New oat’ in PCs induction was observed in comparison to Cd-sensitive cultivar
‘Soil saver’, although Cd exposure increased the concentration of total PCs in both cultivars. Higher and increased Cd accumulation
in cell wall fraction was observed in shoots of ‘New oat’. On the other hand, in ‘Soil saver’, apoplasmic Cd accumulation
showed saturation under higher Cd exposure. Overall, the present results suggest that cell wall Cd accumulation and antioxidative
activities function in the tolerance against Cd stress possibly in combination with vacuolar Cd compartmentation. 相似文献
18.
Li-Chun Huang Cheng-Kuo Hsiao Shu-Huey Lee Bau-Lian Huang Toshio Murashige 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1992,28(1):30-32
Summary Repeated grafting of 0.2-cm shoot tips from fruiting-age trees ofCitrus reticulata Blanco ‘Ponkan’ mandarin andC. sinensis Osbeck ‘Liu Tseng’ sweet orange onto freshly germinated ‘Troyer’ citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. X.C. sinensis Osbeck] seedlings in vitro resulted in progressive restoration of rooting competence and vigor of regenerated roots and shoots.
The restored traits were retained through the course of the investigation and suggested a phase reversal phenomenon. 相似文献
19.
Chen Fure-Chyi Kuehnle Adelheid R. Sugii Nellie 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,50(1):71-74
Growth of Blechnum spicant gametophytes was optimal in MS liquid medium, a 16-h photoperiod, and it was unaffected by variation
of the pH between 4.7 and 8.7. Antheridia were observed during all developmental stages of the gametophyte: filamentous, spatulate
or cordate and their formation was induced by compounds excreted into the culture medium by mature gametophytes. This antheridiogen
activity was found in the fractions corresponding to free and apolar esters of gibberellins. IBA at 5 μM and 50 μM, and BA
at 50 μM inhibited antheridiogen. Exogenous application of GA3 allowed spore germination but strongly inhibited gametophyte development; the two dimensional state was not reached.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Five cultivars of lavandin were compared for their ability to regenerate plantlets in vitro and for their susceptibility to
genetic transformation. Both processes were shown to be strongly cultivar-dependent. For regeneration, best results were obtained
with cultivar ‘37–70’ which gave an average of 7 shoots from one initial explant after 4 months culture in vitro. The other
cultivars produced between 0.5 and 3.5 shoots per explant. These differences were mostly due to the variable efficiency of
the shoot elongation and rooting steps. An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using the β-glucuronidase and neomycin
phosphotransferase II genes was established. The β-glucuronidase expression was analysed for both leaf explants six days after
inoculation and kanamycin-resistant calluses obtained after a six-week culture on a selective medium. For each cultivar, kanamycin-resistant
calluses showing a β-glucuronidase activity were obtained. The transformation efficiency ranged from 3% for cultivar ‘Certitude’
to 89% for cv. ‘41–70’ and ‘B–110’. Some kanamycin-resistant calluses were organogenic.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献