东方杯叶吸虫卵黄腺和卵巢的超微结构研究

本文应用透射电镜观察了东方杯叶吸虫卵黄腺和卵巢的超微结构,并与体外培养成虫进行比较。根据形态特征和内含物的存在情况,将卵黄细胞和卵母细胞的发育均分为不同时期,详细描述了各期的形态特征,探讨了卵黄球和皮质颗粒等内含物的生理功能。体外培养成虫成熟卵黄细胞中有散在的卵黄物质,成熟卵母细胞中线粒体囊泡化,这些可作为体外培养的评价指标。     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE CONTRACTILE MECHANISM OF SMOOTH MUSCLE

Fresh taenia coli and chicken gizzard smooth muscle were studied in the contracted and relaxed states. Thick and thin filaments were observed in certain (but not all) cells fixed in contraction. Relaxed smooth muscle contained only thin filaments. Several other morphological differences were observed between contracted and relaxed smooth muscle. The nuclear chromatin is clumped in contraction and evenly dispersed in the relaxed state. The sarcolemma is more highly vesiculated in contraction than in relaxation. In contraction, the sarcoplasm also appears more electron opaque. Over-all morphological differences between cells fixed in isometric and in unloaded contraction were also noticeable. The results suggest a sliding filament mechanism of smooth muscle contraction; however, in smooth muscle, unlike striated muscle, the thick filaments appear to be in a highly labile condition in the contractile process. The relation between contraction and a possible change in pH is also discussed.     

千佛山侧柏林种群和群落特征的研究

本文用样方法对济南市千佛山北坡侧柏林的种群和群落特征进行了系统研究。发现林下灌木和草本种均呈集群分布。灌木层具有较高的植物多样性、均匀度和较小的生态优势度,草本层则正相反。各环境因子对植物多样性的影响正负不一,且均不显著。在光照强度、土壤水分和土壤有机质三维资源轴上对物种资源选择性和生态位重叠的计测表明,多数种对在土壤有机质和土壤水分资源轴上重叠较大,同一资源轴上灌木种对间的重叠值较草本种对间的重叠值大。     

侧柏小孢子的发生和雄配子体的形成

侧柏[Platycladusorientalis（L．）Franco]初生造孢细胞在8月下旬（1992年）形成,11月上旬形成小孢子母细胞,1993年2月中旬形成四分体,2月下旬小孢子从四分体内释放出来,3月中旬形成成熟花粉粒并开始传粉,4月上旬花粉粒在珠心上萌发,5月上旬生殖细胞分裂,6月上旬精原细胞分裂。小孢子母细胞在休眠以前开始减数分裂,解除休眠以后形成成熟的花粒粒。减数分裂从11月上旬开始至次年2月17日结束。小孢子母细胞减数分裂存在扩散双线期。小孢子母细胞以双线期渡过休眠。精原细胞接近颈卵器时开始分裂,形成两个大小相同的精细胞。精细胞独立存在的时间很短。精细胞的细胞质分为三个区域。小孢子母细胞在发育过程中,发现有部分小孢子母细胞退化,在小孢子囊内形成一大的空腔的现象。     

CONTENT AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF TRANSITIONAL METALS IN ASCIDIAN OVARY

The content of some transitional metals (Ti, V, Cr. Mn. Fe, Cu) in the ovary of Ascidia malaca and Ciona intestinalis and in the gonads of Polycarpa gracilis has been reported. The metals were localized histospectrographically and ultrastructurally. In the ovaries of C. intestinalis . the quantitative analysis shows a variable content of metals related to the ovary maturative cycle. The iron is localized in the electron dense cytoplasmic granules of A. malaca oocytcs and in the cytoplasmic dense formation of P. gracilis test cells. Cl, S, Si and P are present in the test, follicles and inierovarian cells of all examined species.
The results are discussed in relation to the zoological position of these species. The presence of metals and Ascidiacee phylogenesis might be correlated.     

黄鳝松果腺复合体的超显微结构研究

鱼类松果腺能将其感受到的光信息以及脑部神经信号转换成激素分泌,研究表明,褪黑激素是松果腺影响生物性腺发育的主要分泌物［１,２］。因此推测松果腺及其分泌物褪黑激素可能参与调节黄鳝的性转变进程。作者曾利用外源褪黑激素注射鱼体的实验结果表明,褪黑激素对黄鳝的性腺发育存在着剂量依存的促进与抑制的双重调节作用［３］。本文首次证实黄鳝脑中松果腺复合体（ＰｉｎｅａｌＣｏｍｐｌｅｘ）的存在,并对其超显微结构进行了研究。１材料与方法１．１实验动物　黄鳝（Ｍｏｎｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ　ａｌｂｕｓ　Ｚｕｉｅｗ）：体长２８－４…     

东方蝾螈胚胎肌节发育过程中结蛋白的出现和分布

本文用间接免疫荧光方法观察了结蛋白在东方蝾螈胚胎发育过程中的生成时期和分布部位。结蛋白最早出现在分期25的蝾螈胚胎中,位于长柱形的肌细胞两端。随后肌细胞中结蛋白的含量随着发育逐渐增加,呈纤维状与细胞的纵长轴平行,但仍保持着两端含量高的特点。在分期41的胚胎中观察到结蛋白与Z线结合,晚于横纹的出现。根据分布特点讨论了结蛋白在肌细胞内的分布形式与脊索的关系,并对结蛋白从纤维状转变为和Z线相结合的过程以及结蛋白、肌小节的量的积累之关系作了讨论。     

圈卷产色链霉菌分化及其特性的研究

链霉菌分化的分子生物学研究是一个饶有兴趣并富有挑战性的世界前沿研究课题.在原核生物的分化研究中,主要以枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)作为模式系统,但枯草杆菌的生命周期尤其是分化过程远比链霉菌简单,不象链霉菌有基质菌丝、气生菌丝、菌丝螺旋和孢子分隔那样的发育分化过程[1].在真核生物中也有分化研究的报道,如构巢曲霉、酵母等.由于真核生物的基因结构比原核生物复杂得多,弄清分化中基因调控的关系就更加困难.因此,选用链霉菌作分化研究的材料有其独一无二的优越性.国际上有关链霉菌的分子生物学研究,近年来主要以链霉菌的抗生素生物合成基因和链霉菌的分化基因两个大的方面作为研究的热点和主攻方向,并展开了一些开拓性的研究.     

THE EFFECTS OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON MUSCLE CELLS OF ASCIDIAN EMBRYO*

The effect of actinomycin D on muscle cells development of the ascidian, Herdmania momus was studied ultrastructurally. No myofilament was formed when the drug was given at any stage before early tail-bud stage (stage 3). Some aggregates of myofilaments in various size were formed when the treatment was started at stage 4 (4.5 hr after fertilization at about 28°C). Above 60% of myofibrils of fully differentiated muscle cells were formed when the treatment was initiated at stage 5 (5 hr after fertilization). Muscle cells of the tadpoles treated from stage 7 (6 hr after fertilization), at which myofilaments were first detectable in normal development, differentiated almost normally. It is therefore suggested that most mRNAs for muscle proteins are synthesized preceding the onset of myofilament formation and are relatively stable. It is also suggested that mRNAs for myosin, actin and Z band materials are almost simultaneously synthesized. One of the characteristic features of the muscle cell development of the ascidian embryo is almost synchronous differentiation of relatively small numbers of cells (about 54–60 cells). The significance of these results is discussed in relation to mosaic natures of the muscle development.     

大鼠附睾钠钾离子主动转运的超微结构研究

在超微结构水平上研究大鼠附睾的离子转运机制,确定离子主动转运相关的钠-钾三磷酸腺苷酶(Na-K-ATPase)的分布。结果表明大鼠附睾上皮细胞具有二类NPP酶活性,即依赖于钾的,对乌巴因敏感的和对Levamisole有抵抗作用的K-NPP酶;不依赖于钾的,对乌巴因不敏感的和对Levamisole有抵抗作用的非K-NPP酶。K-NPP酶只分布在大鼠附睾各段和输出小管近段的主细胞基底膜与侧膜上,非K-NPP酶分布在主细胞的高尔基氏体、内质网膜和致密体上。附睾上皮细胞中的基底细胞、晕细胞和亮细胞均缺少酶的分布。低钾液附睾组织灌流和用棉酚处理动物,均使非钾-NPP酶活性增强,对K-NPP酶活性有抑制作用。     

扬子鳄胃的组织化学及超微结构研究

爬行动物胃的一般组织学和组织化学的研究资料较多,Luppa1对此作了较为详细的总结.超微结构方面,龟鳖类和蜥蜴类亦有报道2,3,鳄类的资料尚缺.扬子鳄(Alligator sinensisFuval)是我国现存惟一的特有鳄类,陈壁辉4等曾对其食性进行了细致的考察,也对胃的一般组织结构作了描述.作者拟从组织化学和超微结构方面对扬子鳄的胃作进一步的研究,以丰富比较组织和细胞学资料,同时也增进对扬子鳄进化位置及其食性适应性结构的认识.       

鱼类肌肉生长分化与基因表达调控

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