Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF80 encodes a late, nonstructural protein

The Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) ORF80 (ha80) has 765 bp encoding a protein with approximately 254 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 30.8 kDa. Homologues of ha80 are found in most baculovirus sequences, including those from lepidopteran NPVs, lepidopteran granuloviruses (GVs), hymenopteran baculoviruses, and one dipteran baculovirus, yet their functions remain unclear. In this study we characterized ha80, and showed that it was transcribed late in infected host cells (HzAM1). The product of ha80 was a 31 kDa protein that was not a structural protein of budded virus (BV) or occlusion-derived virus (ODV) particles. Ha80 was first detected in the cytoplasm of infected HzAM1 cells at 12 h p.i., and was observed in the nucleus at later stages of infection, suggesting that it may be involved in transporting viral proteins into the host cell nucleus or play its roles in the nucleus.     

Morphological characterization of Anticarsia gemmatalis M nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in haemocytes from its natural larval host, the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

For a better understanding of virus x host interactions, transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the intrahaemocoelic infection of Anticarsia gemmatalis larval haemocytes by A. gemmatalis M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV). At 12 h post-infection (h p.i.), we observed nuclear hypertrophy, budded virus assembling, and protrusion towards the cytoplasm, virion envelopment, and accumulation of fibrillar aggregates in the cytoplasm. Around 24 h p.i., fibrillar aggregates also appeared inside nuclei of infected cells. By 48 h p.i., virogenic stroma and polyhedra were visualised in nuclei and at 72 h p.i., widespread infection in haemocytes was observed. Cell remnants and free polyhedra were phagocytosed by granular haemocyte 1 and plasmatocytes. Entire cells were phagocytosed only by plasmatocytes. Necrosis of infected cells was quite common, suggesting a putative cytotoxic response. Granular haemocyte 1 presented a more exuberant protrusion of budded viruses in comparison to other haemocytes. All types of haemocytes were shown to be infected, and the intense virus replication in some of these cells reveals the importance of haemolymph for AgMNPV spread in its natural host, a critical factor for permissiveness.     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒ORF33基因的原核表达和在宿主细胞中亚细胞定位

对棉铃虫Helicoverpa ar migera核型多角体病毒HearSNPV的ORF33基因(ha33)进行克隆和原核表达,hass在E.coli中表达不完全,表达产物的大小为17kDa,小于预测的分子量28.4kDa。用纯化的原核表达产物免疫家兔,制备了多克隆抗体,应用多克隆抗体检测了HearSNPV感染的宿主细胞(HzAMI)中ORF33基因的表达,表达产物的分子量为31kDa。并通过共聚焦荧光显微镜方法,用多克隆抗体检测编码的蛋白在宿主细胞(HzAM1)中的亚细胞定位,发现ha33编码的蛋白存在于宿主细胞的细胞质中,并持续到感染后期。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒p10基因的序列及转录分析

为了利用棉铃虫核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）p10基因的启动子构建重组病毒杀虫剂及表达系统,应用末端测序法和引物步移法测定了p10基因的序列,并应用Northern杂交和引物延伸实验对该基因进行了深入的转录特性分析,HaSNPV p10基因被定位于基因组DNA的115.4kb-115.6kb处,转录方向与多角体基因相反,在其上下游分别发现了p26和p74基因。转录分析结果确定了p10基因是个极晚期基因,其转录从杆状病毒晚期转录保守序列GTAAG的第二个A开始,转录产物大小约为430nt。HaSNPV p10基因最早可检测到的转录是在病毒感染后的20h,随后其转录产物量迅速放大,到感染后72h达到非常高的水平。围康时相分析同时还检测到一个大小为1300nt的产物,推测该产物为p26和p10通读的转录产物。对HaSNPV P10蛋白序列的分析表明,该蛋白第6－44位及第51－65位氨基酸序列处含多个典型的卷曲螺旋七聚体重复结构,两片段间相隔6个氨基酸残基,在该蛋白序列的第20－34位与第51－65位存在L－X（2）－L－X（10）－L的亮氨酸重复。Helical net分析表明,HaSNPV P10的疏水氨式酸分布为两个集簇区,两者互为180度转角。     

Distribution of E and NS1 proteins of TBE virus in mammalian and tick cells

Four monoclonal antibodies recognizing TBEV proteins were prepared. Three of them (2/H6, 8/A10, 5/F9) specifically recognize the structural E protein and the fourth binds to the nonstructural NS1 protein. These antibodies were used for an immunofluorescence study of TBEV protein distribution in infected mammalian host and tick vector tissue culture cells. Any differences in the distribution of the E and NS1 proteins were revealed. In porcine PS cell line the proteins were localized in the cytoplasm with a distinct increase of the signal in the perinuclear area 16 h post-infection (p.i.). The area gradually expanded and at 24 h p.i. covered the major part of the cytoplasm. The localization of the proteins in tick RA-257 cells revealed a uniform spread of the proteins in whole cytoplasm of the infected cells. The signal was very weak at 16 h p.i. and gradually increased during progressing time p.i., although, the distribution of the proteins did not exhibit any changes. Difference in viral protein distribution in the two cell types points to the possibility that the maturation process of TBEV exhibits different features in mammalian and tick cells.     

同安钮夜蛾核型多角体病毒Opdi108 基因的分子克隆和细胞定位(英文)

【目的】同安钮夜蛾Ophiusa disjungens（鳞翅目, 夜蛾科）是危害桉树的主要害虫之一。同安钮夜蛾核型多角体病毒(OpdiNPV)是从O. disjungens中分离到的新病毒。本研究主要目的是从分子水平上了解该病毒。【方法】对一条PstⅠ的酶切片段进行了克隆、 测序和分析。【结果】在基因数据库中通过对碱基序列的比对, 发现了一个Ac108的同源基因, 命名为Opdi108 (GenBank登录号为EU 732666)。该基因的开放阅读框含有225对碱基, 其编码蛋白与其他已知杆状病毒同源物有16%~37%的氨基酸序列一致性。在起始密码子ATG上游有一个晚期启动子TAAG。C末端含有His-tag的Opdi108基因在大肠杆菌中Escherichia coli进行了表达, 融合蛋白的分子量为28.7 kDa。以荧光蛋白EGFP为标记物, 构建了Opdi108与EGFP的重组体, 利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统实现了与AcMNPV的重组, 用该重组病毒vEGFP-Opdi108感染斜纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni 细胞。感染24和72 h后分别用共聚荧光显微镜观察, 发现Opdi108定位在细胞质内。【结论】本研究从分子生物学角度研-OpdiNPV, 为进一步利用该病毒防治包括同安钮夜蛾在内的害虫, 以及构建重组杀虫剂等奠定基础。     

Involvement of the c-Ski oncoprotein in cell cycle arrest and transformation during nurse cell formation after Trichinella spiralis infection

The role of c-Ski, an oncoprotein encoded by the oncogene, c-ski, in Trichinella spiralis-infected muscle tissues during nurse cell formation, was investigated by following the expression kinetics and distribution of c-Ski (both protein and mRNA) in the infected muscle cell, as well as the expression kinetics of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway factor genes (TGF-beta, Smad2 and Smad4) which cooperate with c-Ski. Immunohistochemical analysis using an anti-c-Ski antibody indicated that in the early stages of infection (13 and 18 days post-infection (p.i.)) the increased expression of the c-Ski protein was limited to the eosinophilic cytoplasm and not the enlarged nuclei or basophilic cytoplasm. At a later stage of infection (23 and 28 days p.i.) the c-Ski protein was limited to the enlarged nuclei in the basophilic cytoplasm, rather than the eosinophilic cytoplasm. At 48 days p.i., the c-Ski protein was barely detectable. Real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of the c-ski gene increased from 13 days p.i., reached a peak at 23-28 days p.i. and then decreased to a low level by 48 days p.i. Expression kinetics for the TGF-beta signaling pathway factor genes (TGF-beta, Smad2 and Smad4) were similar to that of c-ski. These findings provide evidence that the c-Ski protein is involved in nurse cell formation through the TGF-beta signaling pathway process in the host cell nucleus.     

Cloning,expression and subcellular distribution of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana grylio</Emphasis> virus late gene encoding ERV1 homologue

An essential for respiration and viability (ERV1) homologue, 88R, was cloned and characterized from Rana grylio virus (RGV). Database searches found its homologues in all sequenced iridoviruses, and sequence alignment revealed a highly conserved motif shared by all ERV1 family proteins: Cys-X-X-Cys. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that 88R begins to transcribe and translate at 6 h postinfection (p.i.) and remains detectable at 48 h p.i. during RGV infection course. Furthermore, using drug inhibition analysis by a de novo protein synthesis inhibitor and a viral DNA replication inhibitor, RGV 88R was classified as a late (L) viral gene during the in vitro infection. 88R-EGFP fusion protein was observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of pEGFP-N3-88R transfected EPC cells. Although result of immunofluorescence is similar, 88R protein was not detected in viromatrix. Moreover, function of RGV 88R on virus replication were evaluated by RNAi assay. Nevertheless, effect of knockdown of RGV 88R expression on virus replication was not detected in cultured fish cell lines. Collectively, current data indicate that RGV 88R was a late gene of iridovirus encoding protein that distributed both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in GenBank with the accession number, EU239358.     

蛙虹彩病毒一个序列保守基因(RGV-12L)的克隆表达及定位分析

从蛙虹彩病毒(Rana grylio virus,RGV)中克隆出一个虹彩病毒科的序列保守基因RGV-12L, 序列分析表明该基因全长894 bp, 编码一个含297个氨基酸的多肽,分子量为33 kD。构建包含该基因全长的原核表达载体, 进行原核表达,获得了分子量约53 kD的融合蛋白。将融合蛋白经腹腔注射免疫小鼠,制备出鼠抗RGV-12L血清。通过RT-PCR和Western blotting分析RGV感染细胞后RGV-12L的转录时序, 感染4h可以在RNA水平检测到RGV-12L的转录, 感染8h可以在蛋白水平检测到RGV-12L的表达。用DNA复制抑制剂阿糖胞苷(Arac)进行药物抑制实验,鉴定出RGV-12L是一个晚期基因。免疫荧光分析显示RGV-12L分布于感染细胞的细胞核和细胞质中, 在病毒加工厂中也有该蛋白的分布, 提示该基因可能与病毒的装配、释放有关。       

Identification of BV/ODV-C42, an Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus orf101-Encoded Structural Protein Detected in Infected-Cell Complexes with ODV-EC27 and p78/83

orf101 is a late gene of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). It encodes a protein of 42 kDa which is a component of the nucleocapsid of budded virus (BV) and occlusion-derived virus (ODV). To reflect this viral localization, the product of orf101 was named BV/ODV-C42 (C42). C42 is predominantly detected within the infected-cell nucleus: at 24 h postinfection (p.i.), it is coincident with the virogenic stroma, but by 72 h p.i., the stroma is minimally labeled while C42 is more uniformly located throughout the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid screens indicate that C42 is capable of directly interacting with the viral proteins p78/83 (1629K) and ODV-EC27 (orf144). These interactions were confirmed using blue native gels and Western blot analyses. At 28 h p.i., C42 and p78/83 are detected in two complexes: one at approximately 180 kDa and a high-molecular-mass complex (500 to 600 kDa) which also contains EC27.