Cellular and molecular analysis of plasmodium development in Physarum.

The development of an amoeba into a plasmodium involves extensive changes in cellular organisation and gene expression. The genetic basis of a number of recessive mutations that block plasmodium development has been elucidated. The stage at which development becomes abnormal has been determined for all the mutants, as has the terminal phenotype. In order to investigate the changes in gene expression that accompany plasmodium development, a cDNA library has been made using RNA isolated from cell populations in which development was occurring.     

免疫细胞疗法产业发展态势和发展建议

免疫疗法已被成功应用于多种肿瘤的治疗,显著提高患者的生存质量。免疫细胞疗法是当前免疫疗法研发的重点方向之一。免疫细胞疗法发展历经了由非特异性免疫到无差别化特异性免疫,再到差别化特异性免疫的发展阶段。免疫细胞疗法已有多个产品获批上市,产业体系初步成型,主要包括疗法/药物研发和相关服务/器材供应。通过梳理国内外免疫细胞疗法产业发展态势,分析免疫细胞疗法发展的技术瓶颈,找出我国发展该产业存在的主要问题,并提出发展建议,为我国发展免疫细胞疗法产业提供参考。     

Muscle development during vertebrate limb outgrowth

Limb development has become one of the model systems for studying vertebrate development. One crucial aspect in limb development is the origin, differentiation and patterning of muscle. Much progress has been made in recent years towards understanding this process. One of the general observations is that the genes involved in limb muscle development appear to be very similar to those involved in muscle development in other regions of the embryo. In this review, we summarize some of the genes and mechanisms that regulate limb muscle development and discuss various avenues along which a deeper understanding can be gained of how muscle cells originate and differentiate in different tissues during vertebrate development.     

Construction process and development trend of ecological agriculture in China

China's ecological agriculture has played a pioneering role in sustainable development, which has attracted extensive attention and high praise from the international community. This paper systematically analyzed the development process of China's eco-agriculture, by combining with the practice of ecological agriculture construction in China for many years and the construction process of modern ecological agriculture base of the Ministry of Agriculture, and comprehensive literature research. The results showed that: 1) The development of China's eco-agriculture has gone through two periods: traditional ecological agriculture and modern ecological agriculture. Traditional ecological agriculture provides rich production experience. China's modern agricultural ecology has experienced four development stages: initial exploration (1981–1992), expansion and consolidation (1993–2004), steady advancement (2005–2011) and innovation and promotion (2012–present). Each stage has distinctive features and landmark achievements, which rammed the foundation for the green and sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in China; 2) China's modern ecological agriculture has been incorporated into the act of government in 1993, and has basically formed a five-level demonstration and driving system of ecological agriculture including 2 pilot provinces for eco-agriculture, 10 demonstration cities for circular agriculture, 100 demonstration counties for eco-agriculture, 12 demonstration bases for eco-agriculture, and 1100 beautiful villages, which cover province, municipality, county, base and village. The advancing mechanism of modern ecological agriculture of “small circulation in the main body, circulation in the park and large circulation in the county”, has effectively promoted the development of ecological agriculture nationwide; 3) China's eco-agriculture has three distinct characteristics: comprehensiveness, sustainability and diversity. Its basic contents mainly include: agricultural ecology methodology and theoretical basis, optimization design of agricultural ecosystem, assembly and integrated application of eco-agricultural technology; 4) Under the trend of agricultural green development, China's eco-agriculture construction is innovating and improving system and mechanism, and ensuring the development towards high efficiency, industrialization, standardization, practicality and multi-function, thus gradually establishing a resource-saving, environment-friendly and ecological conservation-oriented modern ecological agricultural system with Chinese characteristics, constituting the ecological agriculture development pattern integrating rural production development, prosperous life and good ecology, and helping China's rural ecological revitalization.     

Clarifying the relationship among clean energy consumption,haze pollution and economic growth–based on the empirical analysis of China's Yangtze River Delta Region

At present, the frequent occurrence of haze in China has attracted extensive attention around the world. However, there are few researches based on simultaneous equation model to evaluate the relationship among clean energy consumption, haze pollution and economic growth. Whether the relationship among clean energy consumption, haze pollution and economic growth can be clarified correctly is the core issue to achieve the goal of both haze control and high-quality economic development. The innovation of this study is to further explore the interaction mechanism among the three variables, simultaneous equation model is used to analyze the relationship of clean energy development, haze pollution and economic growth of 27 cities in the central area of Yangtze River Delta from 2006 to 2016. The estimation results show that:(i) The development of clean energy has reduced regional haze pollution and the level of economic development significantly; (ii) During the study period of this paper, haze pollution has significantly increased the consumption of clean energy, but it has hindered the level of economic development seriously. (iii) The level of economic development has increased clean energy consumption at a 1% level of significance, while also exacerbated the degree of haze pollution. Moreover, as a core variable of this paper, coal consumption has restrained clean energy development and played a positive role in accelerating economic development and haze pollution reduction.     

Criteria of Intellectual Development in Children

The psychodiagnosis of child intellectual development has become a timely problem in connection with our country's school reform [1]. Now that school-entry age has been lowered to six years, procedures for diagnosing level of intellectual development, to determine whether children are ready for school, must be developed and applied routinely. This, in turn, requires the development of scientifically sound criteria of intellectual development, based on modern psychological concepts of the development of intelligence in ontogeny.     

State-of-the-art therapeutic medical countermeasures for viral threat agents

In recent years, there has been an increase in the perceived threat of biological agents being used against civilian populations. This has prompted an urgent need for the development and procurement of medical countermeasures (MCMs) against highly pathogenic viruses that can prevent morbidity and mortality from infections caused by these agents. To date, antiviral drug development has been largely focused on clinically prevalent chronic infections due to their commercial viability. This has left a huge gap in the drug development path for acute infections of biodefense importance. In this review, we discuss the antiviral research and development initiatives focusing specifically on poxviruses, filoviruses, and equine encephalitis viruses (EEV). We discuss the benefits and technical challenges in the current development strategies and the hurdles in the licensure path for MCMs against these highly pathogenic viruses under the FDA Animal Rule, and we provide recommendations for the path forward.     

2014年江苏省医药产业发展报告

江苏省作为传统医药大省,是全国医药产业发展的重要组成部分,但仍存在诸多不足,极大地影响了其可持续发展。通过资料查询, 将江苏省与山东、河南、广东、吉林、浙江、湖北等医药产业重点省份进行比较,多方位分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,揭示眼下全省 医药产业发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策     

胚珠发育的分子机理

胚珠是研究器官形态发生和模式建成遗传分子机理的一个理想系统。近年来, 关于胚珠特征的决定、模式建成、珠被形态建成和胚囊形成等发育事件分子机理的研究取得了重要进展, 初步建立了胚珠发育的基因调控模型。同时, 离体花器官再生系统为研究激素调控胚珠发育的机理提供了有效途径。本文对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)胚珠发育的分子调控机制进行了综述。     

中国科学院工业生物技术发展路径

随着工程生物学、基因编辑等共性技术的快速发展,工业生物技术领域的颠覆式创新在低碳合成、未来食品、药物开发等工业生物技术领域不断取得颠覆式创新,支撑了生物产业高质量创新发展。工业生物技术正在为变革传统工业制造模式,构建碳中性工业制造路线形成重要科技支撑。本文从战略规划、创新机构、人才建设、基础研究、科技创新、产业推进等方面系统介绍了中国科学院在工业生物技术领域的整体安排、建制化研发与科技进展,并提出了加快工业生物技术发展的建议。     

湖南中医药旅游资源开发策略研究

湖南具有很好的中医药旅游资源,并且在开发利用方面具有很好的优势,但目前湖南中医药旅游资源的开发缺乏品牌效应,管理混乱、人员素质不高、中医特色不凸显、对外宣传不足.为了加速湖南中医药文化旅游的发展,应该加强基础设施建设,培养专业人才,加大宣传力度,形成品牌,打造特色旅游产业链、开发中医药旅游多种模式,进一步提升中医药旅游在湖南旅游产业中的地位,促进湖南旅游业的发展.     

持续城镇化对中国推进实施联合国可持续发展目标的作用

中国过去40年城镇化发展迅速,从数字指标上看,不仅走过了一条迅速提升工业化水平的道路,也走过了一条快速城镇化道路。然而,中国城镇化发展重"量"而轻"质",偏重于城镇数量增多和城镇化速度的提升,而对城镇化的质量和效益的提升、人民生活水平和文明程度的共同提高、资源生态环境的保护、城镇就业、第三产业发展等城镇化的本质问题关注不够。2015年,联合国通过的2030年全球可持续发展目标(SDGs)明确要求建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的城市和人类住区,中国新型城镇化应以可持续发展目标为导向,如何将SDGs的具体要求用于中国新型城镇化的发展显得尤为重要。为此需要构建城市可持续发展水平评估机制,测评中国城市可持续发展目标实施状况;通过推进城市绿色创新实践,拓宽中国城市可持续发展目标践行路径。     

京津唐城市生态系统能值比较

运用能值(emergy)分析方法,以京津冀地区的北京、天津、唐山为研究对象,建立了复合生态系统与可持续发展的能值指标,对3个城市1991～2005年自然环境与社会经济可持续发展状况进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:1991～2005年期间,由于北京、天津的本地资源能值对经济发展的驱动力不足,城市发展对外部输入能值的依赖程度越来越高;北京、天津、唐山社会子系统的能值指标均呈上升趋势,城市居民生活水平和经济发展水平不断提高;北京经济子系统的各项指标均优于天津和唐山,但环境子系统和能值可持续指标体现出,北京的环境压力最大、可持续发展能力低于天津和唐山.在此分析基础上,对北京、天津、唐山的可持续发展提出了几点建议,为制定城市发展策略和产业调整提供科学依据.     

Products of leaf primary carbon metabolism modulate the developmental programme determining plant morphology

Considerable effort has been expended on understanding the genetic networks that regulate leaf development and morphology, however, less attention has been given to the role of leaf carbon status in modulating the plant developmental programme. Unexpected changes in plant development have been observed in response to changes in leaf metabolism. The focus of this review will be to discuss how manipulation of leaf carbon metabolic pathways, such as the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle and trehalose biosynthesis, has provided insights into links between metabolism and development.     

2013 年江苏省医药产业发展报告

目前,江苏省医药产业发展位居全国前列,但仍存在诸多不足,极大地影响了其可持续发展。通过资料查询,将江苏省与山东、河南、广东、浙江等医药产业重点省份进行比较,多方位分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,揭示眼下全省医药产业发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策。     

Intracellular events mediating insulin-like growth factor I-induced oligodendrocyte development: modulation by cyclic AMP

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Although IGF-I intracellular signaling has been well described in several cell types, intracellular mechanisms for IGF-I-induced oligodendrocyte development have not been defined. By using specific inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways, we report here that the MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways are required for the full effect of IGF-I on oligodendrocyte development in primary mixed rat cerebrocortical cell cultures. The MAPK activation, but not the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, leads to phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein, which is necessary for IGF-I to induce oligodendrocyte development. cAMP, although it does not show any effect on oligodendrocyte development, has an inhibitory effect on IGF-I-induced oligodendrocyte development that is mediated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Furthermore, cAMP also has an inhibitory effect on IGF-I-dependent MAPK activation. This is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase-independent effect and probably contributes to the cAMP action on IGF-I-induced oligodendrocyte development.     

代谢工程发展20年

代谢工程从上世纪90年代初期发展至今已有20年历史,对微生物发酵工业的发展起到了极大的推动作用。以下回顾了代谢工程发展至今的三个重要阶段,讨论了各阶段中代谢工程在技术方面的进展及其对微生物发酵工业的促进作用。最后还讨论了代谢工程将来发展中的关键问题及解决策略。     

A model for studying the baroreflex in microgravity and hypergravity

The study on development in altered gravity has been investigated in a wide range of animal species from a molecular level or cell culture to mammalian bodies. However development of the baroreflex has been studied in limited mammalian species even on the ground except the turtle to study diving reflex. The rat or mouse has been selectively used for studying the relationship between development of various functions and gravity especially microgravity, because of the limited body size for the loading space on the space ship, an experimental-animal most often used, and other biological characteristics. We have used the rat and rabbit for investigating the effect of microgravity on the development of the aortic baroflex. In the present paper a few results of our experiments using the rat will be shown and the appropriateness of the rat as a model system for studying the baroflex development in altered gravity will be discussed.     

长链非编码RNA调控脂肪发育与代谢研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一种广泛存在于动植物中、长度大于200个核苷酸且不能编码蛋白的RNA。近年来,随着高通量基因组测序技术的不断发展,研究者们对lncRNA的关注度越来越高,通过对lncRNA的深入研究,证实其在细胞分化、表观遗传、细胞周期调控等众多生命活动中发挥重要作用,并且很多疾病的发生、发展过程都与之相关。借助于高通量测序或芯片技术,已经证实许多lncRNA与脂肪组织的生成、发育和代谢调控有关,在脂肪发育的过程中起着重要的作用。通过对脂肪发育相关lncRNA的研究可以更好地了解脂肪的发育、代谢过程,同时为代谢疾病的临床治疗提供新的方法。基于此,对lncRNA作用模式、调控脂肪发育以及其对肥胖相关代谢疾病的影响等研究展开综述,以期为脂肪发育与代谢研究提供理论指导。