新疆蓝刺头化学成分研究

以新疆蓝刺头(Echinops ritro L.)全草为研究材料,通过硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,重结晶等技术对新疆蓝刺头化学成分进行分离纯化,通过理化性质分析及1H-NMR,13C-NMR等技术对化合物结构进行鉴定.结果表明,共分离出5个化合物,分别是三萜类化合物蒲公英甾醇乙酰酯(化合物1)、蒲公英甾醇(化合物2)、黄酮苷类化合物金丝桃苷(化合物3)、胡萝卜苷(化合物4)与β-豆甾醇葡萄糖苷(化合物5).其中化合物1,2,5首次从该种植物中分离,化合物3为首次从该属植物中分离.     

蓝翡翠繁殖习性研究

蓝翡翠每年５月上、中旬迁来，５月下旬开始营巢，穴室呈球状，洞穴深：土坎型５９．２±１０．５３ｃｍ；岩崖型５２．７±８．５９ｃｍ。产卵高峰期６月上、中旬，每窝产卵３─５枚，卵椭圆形，卵重１２．４１ｇ，卵的量度３１．３２×２７．２２ｍｍ，抱孵性强，孵化期２０天，出雏率５０．０％。亲鸟共同育雏，育雏期１９天。食物种类，有害昆虫占５１．５％，河蟹、河虾、河鱼３４．１％，青蛙１２．１％，蜒３．０％。     

蓝睡莲有性繁殖栽培研究

蓝睡莲（延药睡莲）NymphaeastellataWilld．是一种具有园林水体绿化的重要观赏水生植物。根据我们调查、收集的结果看,现仅在海南省万宁县境内的丘陵湿地中发现有自然分布。中国植物志第二十七卷记载湖北有分布,但到目前为止,尚未有人报道发现实物;海南植物志记载海口市附     

中国蓝浆果生产现状

全面报道了蓝浆果(Vaccinium L.spp.)在中国的生产情况,共分为南、北两大区域.北区是指以吉林省为主的东北地区,南区指长江以南广阔的酸性红壤土地区.果用野生种只分布在东北地区.自20世纪80年代起开始引种欧美栽培品种,共达60余个.在北区以吉林农业大学为主,在南区以江苏省·中国科学院植物研究所为主,采用组培和扦插方法繁殖,南、北两区均各有年产百万株以上苗木的能力.在南、北两区的适宜地区,如吉林、江苏和贵州等省,都已选出各自的适栽品种,栽培后的产量和果实质量分别均可达到国外优良水平,显示了蓝浆果在中国发展的巨大前景.     

野生堇菜属植物引种栽培及开发利用研究进展

城市绿化建设蓬勃发展,近年来发展野生花卉已成为备受关注的内容。堇菜属(Viola L.)植物分布广泛,如对其就地引种,再加以人工驯化栽培,将其应用到城市绿化,不仅丰富了城市景观效果,还可带来可观的经济价值及社会效益。本文对堇菜属植物的生物学特性、资源现状、引种栽培以及堇菜属植物在园林园艺的应用等方面进行了简要的综述。提出目前对中国堇菜的引种驯化研究工作的重要性,对于堇菜属植物更需要加强其新品种的选育工作,更新在园林园艺上的应用方式,加快其推广应用进程。     

珙桐的引种繁殖研究

珙桐是我国特有的珍稀植物,为保护、发展这一树种,对珙桐进行了引种实验和一系列的繁殖研究。     

10种野牡丹科植物引种栽培及应用研究

通过对广州地区6个野牡丹科植物野生种及国外引进4个园艺栽培种进行物候学、抗寒性系统观察,综合评价观赏价值和适应性后对其打分,筛选出7个野牡丹科植物可大规模应用于广州及周边地区园林绿化,丰富了本市园林植物品种种类。     

2种藏茵陈类植物的引种地繁殖系统研究

通过观察、套袋、人工授粉对引种至低海拔栽培地的2种藏茵陈"类植物——川西獐牙菜(Swertia mus-sotii)和抱茎獐牙菜(S.franchetiana)繁育系统进行研究.结果表明:(1)引种的2种植物均为雌雄同株、自交亲和,但大部分花雌雄异熟(dichogamy)和雌雄异位(herkogamy),雌雄同熟的比例为24%,且雌雄同熟的雄蕊群远离雌蕊,需要靠传粉昆虫等传粉媒介传粉.(2)引种到低海拔的2种藏茵陈"类植物结实率和发芽率均较高,其中川西獐牙菜柱头张开第2天的授粉结实率达76.54%,种子发芽率达84.29%.(3)低海拔栽培的川西獐牙菜的传粉昆虫是家养蜜蜂,抱茎獐牙菜的开花时间较川西獐牙菜晚20 d,有效的传粉昆虫由家养蜜蜂变成一种很小的蜂类.研究表明,川西獐牙菜和抱茎獐牙菜由高海拔引种到低海拔地区后,结实率和种子发芽率均较高,可以用引种栽培的方式进行藏茵陈"药材的繁殖.     

野生花卉大百合属植物繁殖技术研究进展

大百合属(Cardiocrinum)植物是一类具有重要应用价值的野生花卉,对其繁殖技术体系的研究旨为推广应用奠定基础。从引种栽培、种子生理、组织培养等方面综述了大百合属繁殖技术的研究进展,认为利用种子和组培进行大量繁殖已成为可能,对其杂交育种还需进一步深入研究,今后也应对其进行现代生物技术的应用研究。     

龙血树属观叶植物及其繁殖方法

龙血树属(Dracaena)中有许多观赏植物。它们茎干挺拔、叶片披散丛生于植株的上半部,往往在翠绿的叶片上嵌有亮黄色或乳白色的条纹,十分美丽,是优良的观叶植物,适于室内盆栽或热带地区绿化美化庭园。它们宜栽种在pH5.5—6的酸性土壤中,需70—80％遮光度,最适生长温度为18—35℃,不耐寒,0℃时就会出现冻害。     

In vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity and toxicity of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho

Potential toxicity, costs, and drug‐resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP‐1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097–0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC₅₀ 0.24–42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8–19.2) against the THP‐1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis.     

厦门地区涉台引进园林植物的评价

本文回顾近十几年来厦门地区涉台("闽台通道")引进园林植物的概况,调查、总结和评价经"闽台通道"引入厦门地区栽培及应用的77种园林植物,并提出加强涉台园林植物引种工作的若干建议。     

福建泉州垂直绿化植物引种筛选

从福建泉州周边地区引种栽培30种攀援植物,对其成活率、生长状况、物候期以及抗逆性等指标进行调查研究。结果表明,采用“百分法”综合评选出29种适用于泉州市垂直绿化的攀援植物,其中11种可作为骨干品种推广应用,以满足泉州市垂直绿化建设中对景观多样性、植物多样性的要求。     

洋县野生朱Huan的繁殖

朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)的繁殖状况 ,尤其是种群数量的变化 ,一直受到国内外的关注。本文收集分析了 1 981～ 1 997年 1 7年朱繁殖资料 ,进一步研究了朱的繁殖及其数量 ,以期为朱保护 ,采取行之有效的措施 ,提供科学依据。1　研究方法自 1 981年朱被重新发现后 ,至 1 997年 ,每年3～ 6月繁殖期 ,固定人员 ,2～ 3人为 1组 ,在每个巢区设立观察点 ,进行跟踪观察 ,并详细统计每窝产卵数、孵化数、雏鸟成活数和死亡数。并结合平常的跟踪监护 ,调查分析种群数量动态 ,统计成鸟死亡数 ,然后进行整理分析。2　结果与讨论2 .1　种群数量1 98…     

Population dynamics of Echinops gmelinii Turcz. at different successional stages of biological soil crusts in a temperate desert in China

• The effects of biological soil crusts (BSC) on vascular plant growth can be positive, neutral or negative, and little information is available on the impacts of different BSC successional stages on vascular plant population dynamics.
• We analysed seedling emergence, survival, plant growth and reproduction in response to different BSC successional stages (i.e. habitats: bare soil, cyanobacteria, lichen and moss crusts) in natural populations of Echinops gmelinii Turcz. in the Tengger Desert of northwest China. The winter annual E. gmelinii is a dominant pioneer herb after sand stabilisation.
• During the early stages of BSC succession, the studied populations of E. gmelinii were characterised by high density, plant growth and fecundity. As the BSC succession proceeded beyond moss crusts, the fecundity decreased sharply, which limited seedling recruitment. Differences in seedling survival among the successional stages were not evident, indicating that BSC have little effect on survival in arid desert regions. Moreover, E. gmelinii biomass allocation exhibited low plasticity, and only reproductive allocation was sensitive to the various habitats. Our results further suggest that the negative effects of BSC succession on population dynamics are primarily driven by increasing topsoil water‐holding capacity and decreasing rain water infiltration into deeper soil.
• We conclude that BSC succession drives population dynamics of E. gmelinii, primarily via its effect on soil moisture. The primary cause for E. gmelinii population decline during the moss‐dominated stage of BSC succession is decreased fecundity of individual plants, with declining seed mass possibly reducing the success of seedling establishment.

     

Hexane Extract of Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus from Tunisia: A Potential Source of Acetylated Sterols – Investigation of its Biological Activities

The hexane extract of Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus flower heads was analyzed for its fatty acid and sterol composition. Its physicochemical characteristics were also studied. The saponification, iodine and peroxide values were determined as 255 mg KOH/g, 42.57 g I₂/100 g and 110 m equiv. O₂/kg of oil, respectively. The oleic (C18:1; 61.14%), palmitic (C16:0; 21.36%) and linoleic (C18:2; 10.45%) acids were the dominant fatty acids. This extract was also found to contain high levels of β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol (44.97% and 34.95% of total sterols, respectively). On the other hand, the identification of terpenoid compounds was investigated by using GC/MS, which revealed fourteen major terpenoids mainly taraxasterol, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, lup‐22(29)‐en‐3‐yl acetate, taraxasteryl acetate, α‐amyrin, β‐amyrin, pseudotaraxasteryl acetate, hop‐20(29)‐en3‐β‐ol, α‐amirenone, along with β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol. Moreover, we have evaluated the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the unsaponifiable matter and a fraction isolated from this extract. These activities were conducted using the diffusion disc methods and broth microdilution assay. The resulted fraction from this extract showed the highest antibacterial activity with significant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values 125.0 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. However, it did exhibit no substantial antifungal activity.