两个荔枝品种的叶面积与叶重量估测模型

以‘黑叶’和‘怀枝’2个荔枝品种的成熟叶片为材料,对叶周长、叶长、叶宽、叶长宽乘积与叶面积、叶重量之间的相关性进行回归分析。结果表明,‘黑叶’和‘怀枝’均可通过叶周长、叶长、叶宽和叶长宽乘积进行叶面积估算,其中以叶长宽乘积的估算效果最好;‘黑叶’可通过叶周长、叶长、叶宽、叶长宽乘积和叶面积估算叶重量,其中以叶长指标的估算效果最佳;‘怀枝’基于上述5个叶形指标进行的叶重量估算效果不佳。     

基于图像处理华中五味子叶面积的回归测算

采用数字图像处理法测定华中五味子叶面积,分别构建了老枝和新梢上叶片的面积与叶形特征值（叶长、叶宽和叶长宽乘积）的相关性回归方程,并进行检验的结果显示,叶长宽乘积与叶面积的相关性最高,以其构建的回归方程测算的叶面积精确度最高,是一种简便而科学的非破坏性的测定华中五味子叶面积的方法。     

泉州湾河口湿地主要红树植物叶面积测算

植物叶面积的测算对于评价生态系统初级生产力具有重要意义.本研究分别选用“最大叶长”、“最大叶宽”以及“最大叶长×最大叶宽”等指标,利用不同类型的线性或非线性回归方程,对泉州湾河口湿地主要红树植物秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤的叶面积进行测算,从而确定各自最佳拟合回归方程.结果表明:二元非线性回归方程Y=0.7297X10.8698 X2.11600、幂指数方程Y=0.9740X0.9634和Y=0.7773X 0.9954分别为秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤叶面积的最佳拟合回归方程.进一步的0-1回归检验和相对误差值分析显示,以上回归方程均能精确地估算各自的叶面积,其中,白骨壤叶面积测算更为精确.     

回归方程法测定两个龙眼品种叶面积研究

以‘储良’和‘石硖’2个龙眼品种的成熟叶为材料,对叶片的周长、长、宽、长/宽、宽×宽、长×长、长×宽等指标与叶面积的相关性进行分析,建立9种模拟回归方程。结果表明,‘储良’和‘石硖’的叶面积均可用叶片的周长、长、宽、长/宽、宽×宽、长×长、长×宽等指标进行估算,基于叶长×叶宽建立的9种叶面积回归方程R2均最高,拟合效果最好,且相关性最大,因此叶片长×宽可作为龙眼叶面积估测的首选指标。基于叶长×宽建立的9个回归方程中,一元线性方程、二次方程、三次方程、幂函数能较好拟合,其中以幂函数估算的精度最高,较适合用来估测龙眼的叶面积。‘储良’和‘石硖’叶面积对应的较为精准的叶面积幂函数方程分别为:y=0.751x1.006和y=0.986x0.973。最适合两个龙眼品种的总叶面积幂函数方程为y=0.869x0.988。     

天山野果林准噶尔山楂叶片功能性状及解剖结构对海拔的响应

为揭示准噶尔山楂（Crataegus songarica K. Koch）对海拔高度变化的响应,以新疆伊犁果子沟不同海拔（1 100～1 700 m）的准噶尔山楂作为研究对象,分析其叶片功能性状及解剖结构差异。结果显示：（1）随着海拔的升高,准噶尔山楂的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、比叶面积、叶绿素含量呈降低趋势,叶长宽比、比叶重、叶干物质含量呈上升趋势,比叶重可塑性最强。（2）随着海拔升高,叶厚、栅栏组织厚度、上下表皮厚度呈上升趋势;主脉厚度、突起度呈下降趋势,主脉突起度可塑性最强。（3）叶面积与叶长、叶长宽比、比叶面积呈正相关;叶厚与上下表皮厚度、主脉突起度等呈正相关。研究结果表明,准噶尔山楂在高海拔区域主要通过增加叶厚和叶干物质含量以提高抗逆性,减少叶面积、叶绿素含量来降低高光强对叶片的伤害;在低海拔区域主要通过增加叶面积、叶绿素含量来促进有机物的积累。     

不同种源樟树叶片形态特征及生长差异分析

为了解不同种源樟树叶片形态特征和生长差异,该文以30个种源樟树为研究对象,对其叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、叶面积、长宽比、形态因子、株高、地径等指标进行测定和差异性分析.结果表明:(1)30个种源间叶片性状的变异系数为3.88％～16.14％,显示不同种源樟树叶片形态特征存在显著差异;叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、面积、叶厚...     

龙船花两变种叶面积回归方程的建立

以龙船花两变种橙红龙船花Ixora coccinea var. coccinea、邦德胡卡红仙丹草I. coccinea var. bandhuca的成熟叶为材料,利用WinFolia软件测定多项叶形态指标,并对叶面积进行回归分析,分别建立其8种回归方程以及总的适用回归方程。结果表明,龙船花两变种的叶片长×叶水平宽、叶周长、叶垂直长、叶片长、叶水平宽、叶片长×叶片长以及叶水平宽×叶水平宽与叶面积之间的相关系数及复相关系数均呈极显著水平(P＜0.01),可分别用来建立龙船花的叶面积回归方程;叶面积与叶片长×叶水平宽的相关系数及复相关系数最高,基于叶片长×叶水平宽的8种叶面积回归方程更好地估测两种龙船花的叶面积。经检验发现,二次函数、复合函数、幂函数能更准确地估测叶面积;由两种龙船花共同建立的3种总的回归方程中,复合函数与幂函数能更好地模拟估测叶面积。     

用回归方程法测定梨树叶面积

用回归方程法测定梨树单叶面积,以长枝、随机及比例方法取样,取样数量50至100片,采用叶长乘以叶宽的回归方程测定较为适宜。     

英德野生茶树叶片表型性状的遗传多样性分析

为了解英德野生茶树的叶片表型性状的遗传多样性及进化特点,对英德89份野生茶树资源的表型性状的变异系数、遗传多样性指数、表型分化系数进行分析。结果表明,89份资源的18项叶片性状的变异系数为12.90%~43.11%,平均27.86%;平均遗传多样性指数为1.12,表型分化系数为17.07%~45.51%,平均33.40%。聚类分析结果表明,当欧氏距离为21.5时, 所有材料可分为4大类,分类结果与地域分布有一定相关性。巢氏方差分析表明,在不同种群间和种群内,数量性状均有极显著差异。相关性分析表明,叶长与叶宽、叶面积、叶脉对数、叶长宽比、叶形呈极显著相关;叶形与叶长宽比、叶脉对数之间呈极显著相关;叶基与叶宽之间呈极显著相关;叶长宽比与叶尖、着生状态呈极显著负相关。因此,英德野生茶树资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,茶树种质资源类型原始型、进化型以及中间类型并存,但以中间类型和进化型为主。     

青岛地区鹅掌楸叶片的表型可塑性和生长规律

以青岛地区常见乔木鹅掌楸为研究对象,对其成株叶片的叶长、叶宽及生物量进行大样本测量,分析其叶片的生长规律。结果表明,鹅掌楸叶片有较大的表型可塑性。其叶片的生长规律可由幂函数形式比较好地表达出来,叶片的生物量分别与叶长、叶宽呈异速生长规律,叶长与叶宽也呈异速生长规律。青岛地区的鹅掌楸叶片在叶长、叶宽及生物量等数量特征上有较大的表型可塑性,为鹅掌楸的合理开发和利用提供科学参考。     

A Rapid Non-destructive Method for the Estimation of Leaf Areas in Cassava

A rapid and non-destructive method of estimating leaf areaswas required for detailed study of new cassava varieties. Theoutlines of leaves were traced in the field and leaf areas wereobtained with a planimeter. Variety Caricass 2 was chosen fordetailed study and 50 leaves of each lobe number (three to ninelobes per leaf) were measured. The length and width were recordedfor all lobes and correlations were made with leaf areas. Alllobe lengths and length x width were highly correlated withleaf area. It is therefore necessary to measure the length ofonly one lobe to get an estimate of leaf area. Comparisons ofleaves with five and seven lobes from Caricass 1, Caricass 3and a local variety showed that these varieties could be measuredin the same way and that the regression coefficient for Caricass2, Caricass 3 and the local variety were not significantly different.A common regression coefficient could be used to estimate leafarea on all three varieties. Manihot esculenta Crantz, cassava, root crop, leaf area     

有机肥对羊草营养生长期功能性状变化的影响

本文研究不同有机肥水平下羊草（Leymus chinensis）营养生长期功能性状的变化规律、响应机制及其相关性的变化,试图为资源环境与植物功能性状的动态研究和草地生态系统的恢复提供参考。结果显示：（1）有机肥会使羊草叶长、叶面为了探讨不同有机肥施用水平下羊草（Leymus chinensis）营养生长期功能性状的变化规律、响应机制及其相关性的变化,为资源环境与植物功能性状的动态研究和草地生态系统的恢复提供参考。选择中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站附近,割草利用超过20 a未施用过肥料的固定草场作为试验场地,围封并划分若干小区,设置对照以及低、中、高4个有机肥施用水平（有N效养分用量分别为0、 63、127和 190 kg/hm2）,在羊草主要营养生长的前、中、后期采集样品,测定相关功能性状。分别采用二次曲线方程拟合、单因素多元方差分析、Pearson相关分析和积分（逐步）回归等方法分析羊草功能性状的变化趋势、差异性、相关性及影响系数。结果显示：（1）有机肥会使羊草叶长、叶面积、自然叶宽、展开叶宽、比叶面积、茎长、茎质量、株高由先升后降的变化趋势变为逐渐增加的趋势,同时使叶干物质含量和茎干物质含量有所下降;（2）有机肥会改变羊草功能性状之间的相关性,增强叶面积与比叶面积、茎长与茎质量、茎长与单株质量的相关性,降低叶质量与单株质量、叶宽与株高的相关性;（3）有机肥会改变羊草表型性状（叶、茎、株高）对单株质量的贡献率,随施肥水平的提高,叶、茎、株高的贡献率逐渐趋于均衡。羊草表型性状影响单株质量的大小顺序为叶性状＞株高＞茎性状。研究发现,短期施用有机肥对羊草功能性状变化影响显著,且作用效果主要发生在羊草营养生长后期,尤其对单株质量提升效果显著。叶长、展开叶宽、叶面积、株高对羊草单株质量影响较大,其中株高是驱动羊草单株质量变化的最稳定因子。同时,羊草功能性状之间的相关性也受施肥水平的影响,施肥在增强部分功能性状相关性的同时减弱了其他性状之间的相关性,整体存在着一定的平衡。     

A New Stilbene from Cercis chinensis Bunge

To study new natural products, we used ODS （YMC, Kyoto, Japan） and silica gel column chromatography to separate compounds in Cercis chinensis Bunge （Leguminosae）. A new stilbene, trans- 3, 5, 3＇, 4＇-tetrahydroxy-4-methylstilbene （1）, along with 10 known compounds, namely piceatannol （2）, dihydromyricetin （3）, catechin （4）, dihydrorobinetin （5）, menisdaurin （6）, lithospermoside （7）, teatannin （8）, dasycarponin （9）, β-sitosterol （10）, and daucosterin （11）, was isolated from C. chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2-6 and 9 were isolated from the genus Cercis Linn. for the first time.     

Testing the adaptive plasticity of Iris pumila leaf traits to natural light conditions using phenotypic selection analysis

A multivariate selection analysis has been used to test the adaptiveness of several Iris pumila leaf traits that display plasticity to natural light conditions. Siblings of a synthetic population comprising 31 families of two populations from contrasting light habitats were grown at an open dune site and in the understory of a Pinus nigra stand in order to score variation in phenotypic expression of six leaf traits: number of senescent leaves, number of live leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle, and specific leaf area. The ambient light conditions affected the values of all traits studied except for specific leaf area. In accordance to ecophysiological expectations for an adaptive response to light, both leaf length and width were significantly greater while the angle between sequential leaves was significantly smaller in the woodland understory than at the exposed dune site. The relationship between leaf traits and vegetative fitness (total leaf area) differed across light habitats as predicted by functional hypotheses. The standardized linear selection gradient (β′) for leaf length and width were positive in sign in both environments, but their magnitude for leaf length was higher in the shade than under full sunlight. Since plasticity of leaf length in the woodland shade has been recognized as adaptive, fitness cost of producing plastic change in leaf length was assessed. In both of the available methods used, the two-step and the multivariate regression procedures, a rather high negative association between the fitness value and the plasticity of leaf length was obtained, indicating a cost of plasticity. The selection gradient for leaf angle was weak and significant only in the woodland understory. Genetic correlations between trait expressions in contrasting light environments were negative in sign and low in magnitude, implying a significant genetic variation for plasticity in these leaf traits. Furthermore, leaf length and leaf width were found to be genetically positively coupled, which indicates that there is a potential for these two traits to evolve toward their optimal phenotypic values even faster than would be expected if they were genetically independent.     

银杏叶片形态研究

通过对银杏不同枝类、不同叶序的叶片形态进行调查,结果表明:银杏不同枝类的叶片形态差异较大,叶宽、叶柄长、叶基角:多年生鳞枝＞一年生鳞枝＞一年生长枝;叶长、叶形指数:一年生长枝＞一年生鳞枝＞多年生鳞枝;叶面积:一年生和多年生鳞枝＞一年生长枝;有缺刻叶比例:一年生长枝＞多年生鳞枝＞一年生鳞枝.一年生长枝叶片的叶宽、叶长、叶面积、叶柄长、叶基角均随叶序的增加逐渐减小,叶形指数和有缺刻叶的比例则增加.一年生和多年生鳞枝1～5叶的叶长、叶宽和叶面积随叶序增加而逐渐增加,第5～6叶达最大,以后随叶序增加而逐渐减小,叶形指数和叶柄长度随叶序增加而增加,叶基角随叶序增加而减小.一年生长枝的第2叶、一年和多年生鳞枝的第4叶可作为品种描述的标准叶.     

翅果油树叶面积和叶重的预测模型

数学模型对于非破坏性地研究和预测植物的生长状况非常方便有效。以山西省翅果油树自然保护区翅果油树（Elaeagnus moles）叶片为研究对象,利用简单易测的叶长（L）、叶宽（w）和叶绿素含量（SPAD）及其不同的组合作为模型拟合参数,建立了关于叶面积（LA）、叶饱和鲜重（SFW）和叶干重（DW）的预测模型共10个,选择拟合度最好的模型作为LA、SFW和DW的预测模型,这3个模型分别为：LA=3．647＋0．383LW＋0．001LWS（R=0．968）,SFW=-0．464＋0．081L＋0．00008LV／S（R=0．963）,DW=-0．094＋0．032W＋0．0001LS（R=0．960）,并用实测值对模型进行了验证,结果表明LA、SFW和DW的预测值与实测值分别达到了高度一致,能够用于对实际未知叶片LA、SFW和DW的预测。     

Predicting the Leaf Area and Leaf Dry Weight of Elaeagnus mollis in Shanxi

Non destructive and mathematical approaches of modeling can be very convenient and useful for plant growth estimation. The leaf of Elaeagnus mollis was taken as the object of research. Leaf length、 leaf width、SPAD value and different combinations of these variables were developed models to predict individual leaf area, saturated fresh weight, and dry weight of Elaeagnus mollis. Ten regression equations were compared. Select fitting the best model as a predictive model in leaf area, saturated fresh weight and dry weight. The three models were as follows: individual leaf area LA=3647+0383LW+0001LWS (R=0968), saturated fresh weight SFW=-0464+0081L+000008LWS (R=0963), and dry weight DW=-0094+0032W+00001LS (R=0960). The best prediction model of LA, SFW and DW was validated with the measured value. The results showed that the predicted values and measured values were highly consistent. It could be used to predict the LA, SFW and DW of actual unknown leaves.