广西青藓科分类学修订

通过对采自广西24个县(市)的1 147份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅,确认有广西青藓科植物11属、44种,其中包括广西青藓科植物新记录属1属,即拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia),新记录种7种,分别为匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)、阔叶尖喙藓(Oxyrrhynchium latifolium)、泛生尖喙藓(O. vagans)、拟异叶藓(Pseudokindbergia dumosa)、华东细喙藓(Rhynchostegiella sinensis)、长肋拟青藓(Sciurohypnum populeum)和弯叶拟青藓(S. reflexum)。该文提供了修订后的广西青藓科植物名录,并对其中的新记录属、种的主要形态学识别特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述。     

擦树茎尖培养

1.植物名称擦树(Sassafras tzumu Hcmsl) 2.材料类别幼苗茎尖 3.培养条件茎尖在(1)1/2MS+NAA,毫克/升+IBA1毫克/升的培养基上诱导愈伤组织,然后转移带愈伤组织的茎尖培养体至(2)     

花叶蔓长春花的快速繁殖

植物名称:花叶蔓长春花,又名对叶长春藤、爬藤黄杨,(Vinca majorl.var.varitgata)。植物材料:茎尖、茎段(带有休眠芽)。培养条件:1.芽生长的培养基:MS基本培养     

铅胁迫对3种藓类植物抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用水培实验研究了重金属Pb对3种藓类植物尖叶拟船叶藓(Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis)、湿地匍灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum)和匍枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,(1)在1~200 mg·L-1的铅胁迫浓度范围内,Pb对3种藓类植物的SOD活性均具有显著的促进作用,对Pb胁迫的种间敏感性差异为尖叶拟船叶藓>湿地匍灯藓>匍枝青藓;(2)POD活性对Pb胁迫的反应趋势有一定差别,尖叶拟船叶藓和匍枝青藓的POD活性随Pb浓度的增加先升后降,湿地匍灯藓的POD活性变化较为平缓,种间敏感性差异为匍枝青藓>尖叶拟船叶藓>湿地匍灯藓;(3)在100 mg·L-1时Pb对湿地匍灯藓CAT活性表现为显著促进作用外,其余在低浓度下显示无显著影响,在高浓度下表现为抑制效应,种间敏感性差异为尖叶拟船叶藓>匍枝青藓>湿地匍灯藓.3种藓类植物的抗氧化酶体系中对Pb胁迫的抵抗起关键作用的是SOD,可作为藓类植物受Pb胁迫的敏感生理指标.3种植物中对Pb胁迫的反应较为敏感的是尖叶拟船叶藓.     

单子叶植物茎尖中的初生加厚分生组织

一百多年前,植物解剖学家就已知道有的单子叶植物茎尖中具初生加厚分生组织(Pri-mary thickening meristem)。后来通过对棕榈科(Arecaceae)、露兜树科(Pandanaceae)、芭蕉科(Musaceae)及龙舌兰科(Agavaceae)中乔木状植物和对百合科(Liliaceae)中小的鳞茎状或根茎状植物的研究,逐渐认识到具莲座型     

鄂西地区裸藻的新种类

本文报道的是1981年5—6月在鄂西地区(包括五峰、宜都、宜昌、当阳、兴山及神农架林区)采集到的裸藻门植物5个新种,7个新变种和3个新变型。       

镉胁迫下3种藓类植物抗氧化酶活性变化的比较研究

采用水培实验研究了重金属Cd对3种藓类植物尖叶拟船叶藓(Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis)、湿地匍灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum)和匍枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)的抗氧化酶系统(SOD、POD和CAT)的影响.结果表明,在1-100 mg·L-1的镉胁迫浓度范围内,Cd对3种藓类植物的SOD活性都具有显著的促进作用,SOD对Cd胁迫的种间敏感性顺序为尖叶拟船叶藓>湿地匍灯藓>匍枝青藓;3种藓类植物的POD和CAT活性对Cd胁迫均表现为先升后降,POD对Cd胁迫的种间敏感性顺序为匍枝青藓>湿地匍灯藓>尖叶拟船叶藓;高浓度Cd对CAT具有明显的抑制效应,CAT对Cd胁迫的种间敏感性顺序为湿地匍灯藓>尖叶拟船叶藓>匍枝青藓.在Cd长期胁迫下,SOD对3种藓类植物体内活性氧的清除起到关键作用,可作为藓类植物抗镉能力强弱的敏感生理指标;3种鲜类植物中匍枝青藓的抗镉能力最强,湿地匍灯藓次之,尖叶拟船叶藓最弱,并且这种抗性与cd在植物体内的积累成反相关.     

新疆柯坪及其邻近地区晚石炭世的(竹蜓)类(Ⅰ)

论述乌鲁希腾贝的形态构造,此属不仅是长身贝亚目准扭面贝(Stropholosiina Licharew,1935)的异物同形属(Homeomorphy),并且也具有小嘴贝亚目钩形贝(Uncinulus Bayle,1878)等属的某些基本的形态特征。讨论乌鲁希腾贝的分类位置,在长身贝亚目内,此属与轮皱贝(Plicatifera Chao,1928)、雅库特长身贝(Jakutoproductus Kaschirtchew,1959)、刺围脊贝(Spinomarginifera Huang,1932)及亚历克山贝(Alexania E.Ivanova,1935)等属相近,共同组成一个独立的科——乌鲁希腾贝科(UrushteniidaeChing,fam.nov.)。描述我国下二迭统乌鲁希腾贝的四个种及一个亚种——U.obscura(Chao),U.crenulata(Ting)emend.Ching,U.chaoi sp.nov.,U.chaoi szechuanensis subsp.nov.及U.maceussp.nov.。此属各个种及亚种的形态变异都较显著,形成在大小、壳饰等方面彼此区别显著和稳定的几个类型,并在各产地构成不同的组合。     

接种AM真菌对短命植物生长发育及矿质养分吸收的影响

 采用分室培养方法研究接种幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum,BEG168)、摩西球囊霉(G. mosseae, BEG167)、混合菌剂(M)对两种沙漠早春短命植物小车前(Plantago minuta)和尖喙牻牛儿苗（Erodium oxyrrhynchum）生长发育及矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明,接种AMF处理的小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗根系形成了典型的菌根结构,侵染率为22 %～60%;接种AMF提高了小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗两种植物的生物量、株高及N、P养分吸收量。小车前单独接种BEG167、BEG168以及混合接种都显著提高了单株种子数量,其增幅分别 为67%、50%和78%。上述结果说明,在极端贫瘠和干旱的古尔班通古特沙漠中,丛枝菌根真菌对于早春短命植物小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗的生态适应性的贡献表现为促进营养生长、提高后代（种子）繁殖数量。     

雀舌栀子的组织培养

植物名称:雀舌栀子(Gardenia augusta var.radicans) 材料类别:茎尖及嫩茎。培养条件:诱芽培养基:(1)MS+NAA0.1mg/L(单位下同)+BA1;(2)MS+NAA0.2+     

Fine structure of the spermatozoa of Chiton marginatus (mollusca: Amphineura), with special reference to nucleus maturation

The spermatozoon of Chiton marginatus is a long uniflagellate cell displaying structural features of “modified sperm.” The nucleus presents a conical shape with a long apical cylindrical extension. The chromatin is homogeneously dense. Scattered inside the condensed nucleus, a few nuclear lacunae are visible. The acrosomal complex is lacking. Some mitochondria are located in a laterofrontal structure side by side with the nucleus. The typical midpiece is absent. The cytoplasm forms a thin layer around the nucleus and the mitochondria. The proximal centriole is in a basal nuclear indent. The distal centriole serves to form the axoneme tail with the usual microtubular pattern. During nuclear maturation, the early spermatid nucleus is spherical and contains fine granular chromatin patches. The nuclear envelope shows a deposit of dense material at the base of the nucleus, forming a semicircular invagination occupied by a flocculent mass. In middle spermatid stage, the chromatin gets organized in filaments, coiled as a hank, attached over the inner surface of the basal thickening of the nuclear envelope. The nucleus starts to elongate anteroposteriorly. At the pointed apical portion of the spermatid, a group of microtubules is observed seeming to impose external pressure to the nucleus giving rise to the long apical nuclear point. The mitochondria have a basal position. Late spermatids have an elongated conical nucleus. The chromatin filaments are further condensed, and lacunae appear inside the nucleus. Some mitochondria migrate to a lateral position.     

泥螺生殖系统的组织学

泥螺为雌雄同体。生殖系统包括交媾器和生殖器本部。交媾器包括刺激器、阴茎和摄护腺;生殖器本部主要包括两性腺、缠卵腺和蛋白腺。刺激器和阴茎都具有非常发达的肌肉组织,腔壁游离面具纤毛。阴茎腔壁为单层柱状细胞;摄护腺被膜为一层薄的肌纤维,里面具有许多分泌细胞;缠卵腺被膜为单层扁平上皮,下层为环肌,腺体组织由分泌小管构成。蛋白腺主要由皮质层和导管层组成,皮质层内充满了分泌细胞,导管层由许多分泌小管构成,管壁为柱状腺细胞。     

Fine structure and functional morphology of the mouthparts of Bittacus planus and Terrobittacus implicatus (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae)

The Bittacidae are unique in Mecoptera for their adults being predaceous. However, their mouthparts have not been well documented for functional morphology to date. Here, we investigated the mouthpart morphology of the hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng and Terrobittacus implicatus (Huang & Hua) using scanning electron microscopy. The mouthparts are of the mandibulate type and situated at the tip of an elongated rostrum. The labrum is greatly elongated, roughly twice as long as the subquadrate clypeus. The epipharynx is furnished with a row of basiconic sensilla arranged evenly as a median band extending from the apex to the base. The mandibles are slender and elongated, bearing a sharp lateral and a small mesal tooth. The maxillae are well developed, each consisting of a partially sclerotized cardo and a stipes, a hirsute galea and a lacinia, and a five-segmented maxillary palp. The sensillar pattern on the distal segment of the maxillary palp differs slightly between the two bittacid species. The labium is composed of a postmentum, a prementum, and a pair of two-segmented labial palps. The feeding mechanism of bittacids is briefly discussed in combination with the mouthpart morphology and their feeding habits.     

杧果果实的扫描电镜观察

果成熟果实呈黄色长卵形是典型的核果。其外果皮呈革质,中果皮呈肉质,内果皮呈骨质表面有纤维。内果皮包被着种子形成一个大而扁的核。种子扁形,种皮很薄,子叶呈多胚或单胚。通过对果果实结构各个层次的扫描电镜观察,为其贮藏保鲜及繁育栽培工作提供一些科学依据。     

Ursavus在中国的首次发现——并记禄丰古猿化石产地的其他熊类标本

本文记述的是1981年在禄丰古猿化石产地发掘中发现的熊类标本,共有二属二种和一种暂不能确定属、种的类型。其中祖熊(Ursavus)过去只见于欧洲、北美和西亚的中新世地层,在我国还是首次发现。禄丰的标本,就其大小和特征可归于Ursavus depereti;印度熊(Indarctos)过去在我国发现过两个种:中国印度熊(I.sinensis)和拉氏印度熊(I.lagrelli),禄丰的标本为前一个种;第三类型与Protursus和Ursus都有相似之处,但又有区别,鉴于材料不足,暂不订属和种。     

Ultrastructure of the kidney of a South American caecilian,Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia,Gymnophiona)

Summary The ultrastructure of the distal nephron, the collecting duct and the Wolffian duct was studied in a South American caecilian, Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). The distal tubule (DT) is made up of one type of cell that has a well-developed membrane labyrinth established both by interdigitating processes and by interlocking ramifications. The processes contain large mitochondria, the ramifications do not. The tight junction is shallow and elongated by a meandering course. The connecting tubule (CNT) is composed of CNT cells proper and intercalated cells, both of which are cuboidal in shape. The CNT cells are characterized by many lateral interlocking folds. The intercalated cells have a dark cytoplasm densely filled with mitochondria. Their apical cell membrane is typically amplified by microplicae beneath which a layer of globular particles (studs) is found. The collecting duct (CD) is composed of principal cells and intercalated cells, again both cuboidal in shape. The CD epithelium is characterized by dilated intercellular spaces, which are often filled with lateral microfolds projecting from adjacent principal cells. The apical membrane is covered by a prominent glycocalyx. The intercalated cells in the CD are similar to those in the CNT. The Wolffian duct (WD) has a tall pseudostratified epithelium established by WD cells proper, intercalated cells and basal cells. The WD cells contain irregular-shaped dense granules located beneath the apical cell membrane. The intercalated cells of the WD have a dark cytoplasm with many mitochondria; their nuclei display a dense chromatin pattern.Research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨花空间分布及数量特征研究

研究了不同居群的胡杨、灰叶胡杨花空间分布及其数量特征。结果表明,无论是胡杨还是灰叶胡杨,其雄树的树高、最低花位、集花区下限、集花区上限、最高花位皆低于雌树,并且雌株与雄株的花序分布范围亦有着较大的重叠区域。在树体上,雄花序主要分布在树冠的中部,上部次之,下部最少;雌花序主要分布在树冠的上部,中部次之,下部最少。胡杨的单株花序量、花朵花药数、花药花粉量和花序花粉量均小于灰叶胡杨,而花序花朵数胡杨雄树的小于灰叶胡杨,雌树的大于灰叶胡杨。统计分析表明,不同居群胡杨的单株花序量、花序花朵数与花药花粉量是相对稳定的,而灰叶胡杨仅雄树的单株花序量是稳定的。     

Fine structure of the spermatozoon of Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus) (Echinodermata; Asteroidea), with special reference to acrosomal morphology

The sperm of Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus) was studied by light and electron microscopy. It is a long uniflagellated cell of the “primitive” type. The head has a spherical shape and contains a nucleus with a spheroid acrosome lying in a cup-shaped anterior fossa. The acrosome is formed by an acrosomal vesicle surrounded by the periacrosomal material. The basal specializations of the acrosomal vesicle show a clear differentiation of its constituents resembling the structure of membrane. The midpiece contains a very large annular mitochondrion which encircles two perpendicular centrioles. The distal centriole is in close association with a pericentriolar radial complex. The tail, containing a common microtubular axoneme, is projected to a variable position.     

Redescription of the Chengjiang arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, from the Lower Cambrian, south-west China

The anatomy of the arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, 1997 from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersta¨tte is redescribed based on four newly excavated specimens. The new material was collected from localities recently discovered in the Kunming area, Yunnan Province, south-west China, and preserves remarkable details of the ventral morphology, revealed by preparation. Squamacula clypeata is dorsoventrally flattened and rounded in outline. The cephalon was covered by a wide, short shield, with a large doublure and a pair of uniramous antennae on the ventral side. The thorax consists of nine somites, each protected by a tergite and carrying at least one pair of biramous limbs. The pygidium is covered with a small rounded tergum. The endopod is segmented, equipped with short spines on the inner margin of the coxa and a claw-like structure distally, and the exopod flap-like, fringed with setae. The limbs in the pygidium are like those in the thorax in shape. Squamacula was most probably a nektobenthic predator. The spinose endopod could walk, grasp and grind. The large flap-like exopod was adapted for swimming and respiration. Its affinities lie with the Arachnomorpha, but the relationships with other known taxa remain ambiguous.     

Morphology of the marine epiphytic diatom Cocconeis heteroidea (Bacillariophyceae)

The morphology and fine valve structure of the marine epiphytic diatom Cocconeis heteroidea Hantzsch have been investigated. The entire frustule, including the internal and external structure of the raphid valve (RV) and araphid valve (AV), and the complete cingulum, are described using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, using a bleaching method. The strongly sigmoid raphe terminates in elongate hooked helictoglossae internally. The hymenes, with perforations arranged in a centric array, are located near the internal openings of the areolae in the RV. The striae in the AV consist of alveoli occluded by hymenes, that have perforations arranged in a parallel array and are located near the outer surface. The complete cingulum of AV consists of three open bands without fimbriae: a valvocopula, a copula with a ligula and a pleura with a small ligula. The RV has only a valvocopula which is open type and not fimbriate.