The determination of individual sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in patients with malignant tumors in different locations]

Possible determination of individual chemosensitivity of tumors to 5-fluorouracil was investigated using new original data and suggestions that lymphocytes of the tumor carrier have an ability to assimilate chemical drugs. Such an ability is likely due to the fact that 5-fluorouracil as an antimetabolite converted its action by inclusion of lymphocytes to the nucleic acid metabolism. The relation between the phenomenon and the chemotherapy efficacy is possibly realized through two mechanisms. One of them is the direct cytotoxic action of chemical drugs on lymphocyte tumor-associated clones resulting in impairment of the tumor growth control. The other is possible participation of lymphocytes in transport of chemical drugs to the tumor tissue. The in vitro model for estimation of tumor carrier chemosensitivity by the level of the nucleic acid metabolism reflects the impact of the immune system on realization of the antitumor effect of chemical drugs.     

Cell-bound antiglial immunity in patients with malignant tumors of the brain

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with malignant brain tumors were found to have a cytotoxic effect against cultured autologous tumor cells as well as normal adult and fetal glial cells obtained from 18- to 20-week surgical abortions. In a blind series of 32 patients, five of nine patients with a malignant glioma could be detected by using ⁵¹Cr-labeled fetal glial cells as targets and appropriate controls. Lymphocytes from patients with “benign” gliomas, nonglial, or metastatic tumors were characterized by a low or absent cytotoxicity.The results are interpreted to show a development of cell-bound immunity against normal glial antigens in patients with destructive infiltrating glial tumors carrying the antigenic determinants through the immunological barrier normally isolating the central nervous tissues.     

The concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in plasma samples from patients with benign and malignant tumours of the breast

Peripheral plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured in patients with benign and malignant tumours of the breast, in patients with non-gynecological diseases, and in healthy female controls. The values were significantly higher in female patients with malignant tumours of the breast than in healthy controls (146 +/- 28 vs 13 +/- 2.5 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha p less than 0.01 and 78 +/- 17 vs 11 +/- 2 pg/ml for TXB2, p less than 0.01). Benign tumours of the breast were also associated with significantly raised plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 compared to normal controls (52 +/- 5 vs 13 +/- 2.5 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, p less than 0.01 and 26 +/- 5 vs 11 +/- 2 pg/ml for TXB2, p less than 0.05). The high levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were not found to be correlated with clinical and histopathological data. The surgical removal of the primary tumour has apparently no effect on the plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 over a follow-up period of 9 days after operation. The lack of alterations in the ratio of TXB2:6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the cancer patients and other subjects studied before and after surgery is indicative of the regulatory power of metabolic systems to preserve the homeostatic balance.     

Second primary malignant tumors in patients with ocular melanoma

Multiple primary malignant tumors have been documented with increased frequency over the last two decades. Continuously increasing success of modern oncotherapy has led to long-term remissions in many cases, but this success rate poses a growing risk for the development of second primary malignancies. The incidence of those involving an intraocular tumor is relatively rare. In the present study we report five ocular melanoma patients with second primary malignant tumors diagnosed during a fourteen-year period in our department. We wish to emphasize that an intraocular mass lesion in a patient with a history of a previous malignancy should not be dismissed as a metastatic lesion. The diagnosis of an intraocular lesion as a separate primary tumor drastically changes the prognosis and the therapeutic approach.     

Gas chromatographic determination of midazolam in low-volume plasma samples

A gas chromatographic method for the sensitive determination of midazolam in plasma volumes as low as 40 μl was developed, utilizing clinazolam as the internal standard. After liquid-liquid extraction at basic pH into 1-chlorobutane-dichloromethane (96:4) a 2- to 4-μl portion of the reconstituted extract was injected under electronic pressure control onto a 12 m × 0.2 mm I.D. methyl silicone capillary column, and was exposed to a three-step temperature program from 120 to 310°C, to separate the analytes from the plasma constituents. The compound of interest was identified and quantified by means of a mass-selective detector. The assay was linear from 10 to 500 ng/ml using 40 μl of plasma (limit of quantification: 10 ng/ml) and was linear from 0.25 to 100 ng/ml using 500 μl of plasma (limit of quantification: 0.25 ng/ml). The intra-day precision for the 40-μl aliquots varied from 2.2 to 6.6%, the corresponding accuracy from −7.4 to −4.4%; the inter-day precision ranged from 5 to 7.2% and the corresponding accuracy from −7.2 to −5.1%.     

In-vitro studies of granulocyte phagocytosis in patients with malignant tumors

Investigations are presented about granulocyte phagocytosis with rice starch in patients with clinically curable malignant tumours and with those treated palliatively. A significantly reduced granulocyte efficiency of phagocytosis indicating a bad prognosis of the disease can be found in those patients being in the advanced tumour stage.     

自体CIK细胞治疗21例中晚期恶性实体瘤的肿瘤标志物变化观察

目的观察自体细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）过继免疫疗法治疗中晚期恶性实体肿瘤的临床疗效及肿瘤标志物变化,初步对该疗法作出评价。方法取中晚期恶性实体肿瘤患者自体外周血50ml,根据文献报道方法体外诱导扩增CIK细胞。培养约14d后,一次性回输入患者体内,观察患者CIK细胞回输前2周及回输后4周左右外周血免疫指标变化、肿瘤标志物变化、生活质量及Karnofsky评分变化,随访1年观察1年生存率。采用t检验及寿命表法进行统计分析。结果在21例接受CIK回输治疗的患者中,治疗前出现有代表意义的肿瘤标志物异常升高的患者有14例,1次回输后有8名患者出现肿瘤标志物下降,其中1名患者降至正常范围;免疫指标在CIK细胞回输后4周较回输前2周均无有统计学意义,其中CD3由70.81﹪±10.52﹪升至71.91﹪±11.09﹪,t=0.762,P=0.455;CD4由39.06﹪±11.03﹪升至39.21﹪±8.74﹪,t=0.093,P=0.927;CD8由28.75﹪±8.22﹪升至29.88﹪±10.13﹪,t=0.895,P=0.382;CD16^＋CD56^＋（即NK细胞）由15.73﹪±9.52﹪升至15.37﹪±6.66﹪,t=-0.173,P=0.865;EORTCQLQ-C30（vertion3.0）评分中总体健康状况（globalhealth）由（41.67±17.28）分上升至（46.43±17.19）分,P=0.076;以上各指标治疗前后差异均无统计学意义。但功能子量表中的躯体功能（physicalfunctioning）单项[由（62.94±17.48）分上升至（66.67±17.37）分,P=0.012]和症状子量表中的疲倦（fatigue）[由（51.33±20.03）分下降至（43.38±16.81）分,P=0.012]、疼痛（pain）[由44.44﹪±19.24﹪下降至（36.51±14.55）分,P=0.038]及食欲丧失（appetiteloss）[由（52.38±19.92）分下降至（38.09±21.82）分,P=0.016]单项差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;卡氏评分由[（61.42±3.59）分上升至（62.38±4.36）分,t=1.000,P〉0.05];随访1年内有3名患者死亡,生存率约85.7﹪。结论自体CIK细胞回输治疗后肿瘤标志物有明显改变,同时对缓解晚期恶?     

Results of the determination of serum markers in patients with malignant melanoma

Although there is no routine procedure for determination of serum markers in patients with malignant melanoma (MM), some markers are being studied as potentially useful prognostic tools. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein S-100B, melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA) and tyrosinase may correlate with melanoma progression. In this study, the results of determination of S100 protein, LDH, MIA and tyrosinase in the serum of 50 patients with MM (stages I-IV) were determined. The increased values of MIA were found in 26% patients in stage I, while in 50% patients in stage IV Increased S-100 protein was found in 13% patients in stage I while in 50% patients in stage IV. The increased values of LDH were found in 26% patients in stage I, while in 25% patients in stage IV. The positive serum tyrosinase was noticed in 17.3% patients in stage II, while in 25% patients in stage IV. The obtained results have revealed no significant differences between the groups in higher and lower stages of the disease, indicating that blood markers are not reliable prognostic factors for MM progression.     

Stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography with UV detection for determination of antidepressants in plasma samples

A sensitive and reproducible stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography (SBSE/LC-UV) method is described for the determination of sertraline, mirtazapine, fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, imipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyne, and desipramine in plasma samples. Important factors in the optimization of SBSE efficiency are discussed, such as extraction time, pH, ionic strength, influence of plasma proteins, and desorption conditions: solvents, modes (magnetic stir, ultrasonic), time, and number of desorption steps. The SBSE/LC-UV method showed to be linear in a concentration ranging from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 1000.0 ng mL(-1). The LOQ values ranged from 10.0 ng mL(-1) to 40.0 ng mL(-1). The inter-day precision of the SBSE/LC-UV method presented coefficient of the variation lower than 15%. Based on figures of the merit results, the SBSE/LC-UV methodology showed to be adequate to the antidepressants analyses from therapeutic to toxic therapeutic levels. In order to evaluate the proposed method for clinical use, the SBSE/LC-UV method was applied to the analysis of plasma samples from elderly depressed patients.     

Achiral-chiral LC/LC-FLD coupling for determination of carvedilol in plasma samples for bioequivalence purposes

Bioequivalence data for two pharmaceutical formulations (solid oral dosage forms) containing carvedilol is presented for both racemic and enantiomers of the active substance. This was achieved by on-line coupling of two liquid chromatographic separations followed by fluorescence detection. The first LC dimension was used for a fast separation of racemic carvedilol from propranolol (IS) and the endogenous matrix, by means of a reversed phase mechanism. The peak of racemic carvedilol was on-line transferred to the second enantioselective LC dimension, based on a reversed phase separation on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethyl-phenylcarbamate) stationary phase. Both stages were monitored over a single run by means of a fluorescence detector operated at an excitation wavelength of 285 nm and an emission wavelength of 355 nm. Automated shortcutting of the racemic carvedilol peak to the chiral column and simultaneous detection over the two LC dimensions have been obtained by using an experimental set-up based on two six-port rotative switching valves. Linearity was demonstrated on the interval 2-150 ng/mL for racemic carvedilol and on 1-75 ng/mL intervals for enantiomers. LLOQ fits between 0.7 and 1.4 ng/mL. Recoveries of the target compounds are 87+/-4 and 81+/-4% for the IS. Precision ranged from 0.6 to 2.5% and the mean accuracy obtained on quality control samples (measured as % bias) over the whole study falls between -0.8 and 6.3%.     

Sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for detection and determination of ranitidine in plasma samples

A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic procedure has been developed for the determination of ranitidine, a H₂-receptor antagonist, in plasma. The detection and quantification were performed without using internal standards. A single-stage extraction procedure was followed for extracting ranitidine from plasma, and a known amount of the extract was spotted on precoated silica gel F254 plates. Ranitidine was quantified using a Shimadzu CS930 dual-wavelength TLC scanner. The method provides a direct estimate of total ranitidine present in the plasma.     

Solvent-modified solid-phase microextraction for the determination of diazepam in human plasma samples by capillary gas chromatography

This paper describes microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of diazepam from human plasma. The method was based on immobilisation of 1.5 μl of 1-octanol on a polyacrylate-coated fiber designed for solid-phase microextraction. The solvent-modified fibre was used to extract diazepam from the samples. The plasma sample was pre-treated to release diazepam from the protein binding. The fibre was inserted into the modified plasma sample, adjusted to pH 5.5, an internal standard was added and the mixture was carefully stirred for 4 min. The fibre with the immobilised solvent and the enriched analytes was injected into the capillary gas chromatograph. The solvent and the extracted analytes were evaporated at 300°C in the split-splitless injection port of the gas chromatograph, separated on a methylsilicon capillary column and detected with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The method was shown to be reproducible with a detection limit of 0.10 nmol/ml in human plasma.     

恶性肿瘤患者院内细菌感染临床高危因素调查分析

目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者院内细菌感染的危险因素。方法收集2009年1月至2011年12月大连医科大学附属二院肿瘤内科恶性肿瘤院内细菌感染的98例患者的临床资料,对感染相关高危因素采用单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析。结果单因素分析显示性别、感染部位、留置导尿、WBC下降程度及PS评分与G＋/G-菌感染种类有关（P〈0.05）,但进一步进行多因素分析后显示只有性别和留置导尿对细菌感染种类有影响（OR值分别为0.257、7.726）;细菌种类、性别、深静脉置管及化疗疗程数是血液感染发生的危险因素（OR值分别为8.634、8.000、2.012、0.025）。结论女性较男性更易发生G＋菌感染,而留置导尿则以发生G-菌感染为主;G-菌感染、女性、深静脉置管及多疗程化疗者易发生血液感染。应针对各种危险因素采取有效的预防措施,减少恶性肿瘤患者院内细菌感染的发生。