甲子聚首追忆

前言今年 1 1月 3 0日是殷宏章先生逝世 1 0周年忌辰。中国植物生理学会暨《植物生理学通讯》编辑部约请了殷先生的一些生前友好、同事、学生 ,从各自的角度 ,就殷先生的学术成就、道德风范等各方面撰写了文章 ,特编成此专辑 ,以志纪念。殷宏章先生是我国现代植物生理学的奠基人之一。他将自己的毕生精力献给了我国的植物生理学事业 ,建立了丰功伟绩。他的高深的学术造诣和远见卓识 ,为我国植物生理学的发展奠定了基础 ,开辟了重要的研究方向。他学识渊博 ,睿智过人 ,作风严谨 ,目光敏锐 ;他道德高尚 ,淡泊名利 ,平易近人 ,和蔼可亲。所有这一切 ,永远是我们后辈和青年学子学习的楷模。愿我们努力继承和发扬殷先生的遗志 ,做出无愧于我们这个时代的科研成果 ,以告慰他老人家 !     

上世纪40年代末到1960年冯德培先生的科学工作——纪念冯德培先生诞辰100周年

2007年2月20日是生理学家、业师冯德培先生诞生100周年,谨将本文献给冯先生。早在上世纪20年代,中国生理学的前驱们已经在国内作出了杰出的研究工作,如林可胜先生在消化生理,汪敬熙先生在视觉生理方面,都达到了当时国际上的一流水平,为中国现代生理学的发展奠定了基础。冯先生是在他们之后出色的下一代中国生理学家,     

热爱生活勤奋工作

赵修竹教授是我国一位病理生理学家和免疫学家,他在该二领域的教学和科研中,都作出了贡献。他为医学教育事业的勤奋工作,以及坚持与病魔作斗争的精神,令人敬佩。     

沉痛悼念著名生理学家张香桐院士

中国科学院上海生命科学研究 院张香桐先生治丧委员会： 惊悉张香桐先生不幸逝世,我和中国生理学会理事会的全体同仁感到十分沉痛。张香桐先生是我国著名的生理学家,是我国应用生理学的奠基人之一,为我国生理学的发展和科学事业的进步做出了重大的贡献。张香桐先生治学严谨、[第一段]     

孤束核内大剂量注射地塞米松快速引起心血管活动降低

分别将不同剂量的地塞米松注射到大鼠内侧和中间内侧孤束核,观察心血管活动的变化．结果发现：小剂量地塞米松（20或50ng）对心血管活动无明显的影响（P＞0．05）,大剂量地塞米松（100或250ng）注射后10分钟内能使心血管活动明显降低（100ng：－1．80±0．32kPa,－31±13b．／min;250ng：－2．68±0．51kPa,－44±15b．／min;P＜0．01）。不仅如此,小剂量地塞米松（20ng）注入孤束核后对血清中亚硝酸根离子浓度无明显的影响（P＞005）,大剂量地塞米松（250ng）可使血清中亚硝酸根离子浓度显著升高（19．33±0．29μmol／L,vs．control8.26±0.26μmol／L,P＜0.05）。这些结果提示大剂量地塞米松在孤束核内可能通过非基因调控机制捉进外周一氧化氮的形成达到调节心血管活动的作用。     

大鼠中枢和外周组织中脑钠素样物质的分布、特性和作用

本工作首先应用特异性脑钠素放射免疫测定、放射受体分析和免疫组织化学的方法,研究了大鼠中枢神经系统和一些外周组织中脑钠素免疫活性物质的分布、生化特性、受体结合和生物学作用,提出脑钠素可作为一种新的神经递质或循环激素,广泛分布于体内不同组织内,并参与水电介质和心血管活动的调节。     

No detectable upper limit of mineral-associated organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a promising climate change mitigation option. In this context, the formation of the relatively long-lived mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) is key. To date, soils are considered to be limited in their ability to accumulate MAOC, mainly by the amount of clay and silt particles present. Using the comprehensive German Agricultural Soil Inventory, we selected 189 samples with a wide range of SOC (5–118 g kg⁻¹) and clay contents (30–770 g kg⁻¹) to test whether there is a detectable upper limit of MAOC content. We found that the proportion of MAOC was surprisingly stable for soils under cropland and grassland use across the whole range of bulk SOC contents. Soil texture influenced the slope of the relationship between bulk SOC and MAOC, but no upper limit was observed in any texture class. Also, C content in the fine fraction (g C kg⁻¹ fraction) was negatively correlated to fine fraction content (g kg⁻¹ bulk soil). Both findings challenge the notion that MAOC accumulation is limited by soil fine fraction content per se.     

Approach to the limit of counterion condensation

According to counterion condensation theory, one of the contributions to the polyelectrolyte free energy is a pairwise sum of Debye-Hückel potentials between polymer charges that are reduced by condensed counterions. When the polyion model is taken as an infinitely long and uniformly spaced line of charges, a simple closed expression for the summation, combined with entropy-derived mixing contributions, leads to the central result of the theory, a condensed fraction of counterions dependent only on the linear charge density of the polyion and the valence of the counterion, stable against increases of salt up to concentrations in excess of 0.1 M. Here we evaluate the sum numerically for B-DNA models other than the infinite line of B-DNA charges. For a finite-length line there are end effects at low salt. The condensation limit is reached as a flat plateau by increasing the salt concentration. At a fixed salt concentration the condensation limit is reached by increasing the length of the line. At moderate salt even very short B-DNA line-model oligomers have condensed fractions not far from the infinite polymer limit. For a long double-helical array with charge coordinates at the phosphates of B-DNA, the limiting condensed fraction appears to be approached at low salt. In contrast to the results for the line of charges, however, the computed condensed fraction varies strongly with salt in the range of experimentally typical concentrations. Salt invariance is restored, in agreement with both the line model and experimental data, when dielectric saturation is considered by means of a distance-dependent dielectric function. For sufficiently long B-DNA line and helical models, as typical salt concentrations, the counterion binding fraction approaches the polymer limit as a linear function of 1/P, where P is the number of phosphate groups of B-DNA.     

An evolutionary limit to male mating success

The well-known phenotypic diversity of male sexual displays, and the high levels of genetic variation reported for individual display traits have generated the expectation that male display traits, and consequently male mating success, are highly evolvable. It has not been shown however that selection for male mating success, exerted by female preferences in an unmanipulated population, results in evolutionary change. Here, we tested the expectation that male mating success is highly evolvable in Drosophila bunnanda using an experimental evolution approach. Female D. bunnanda exhibit a strong, consistent preference for a specific combination of male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). We used female preference to select for male mating success by propagating replicate populations from either attractive or unattractive males over 10 generations. Neither the combination of CHCs under sexual selection (the sexual signal) nor male mating success itself evolved. The lack of a response to selection was consistent with previous quantitative genetic experiments in D. bunnanda that demonstrated the virtual absence of genetic variance in the combination of CHCs under sexual selection. Persistent directional selection, such as applied by female mate choice, may erode genetic variance, resulting in multitrait evolutionary limits.