Duration of effects on clinical parameters and referred hyperalgesia in rats after abdominal surgery and multiple doses of analgesic

This study evaluated the duration of clinical effects and referred hyperalgesia in rats (n = 10 per group) undergo ing abdominal surgery with analgesics (ketoprofen at 3 mg/kg and buprenorphine at 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly twice daily for 72 h beginning prior to surgery; no-surgery and no-analgesia control groups were included. Food and water consumption and body weight were monitored daily. As a measure of referred hyperalgesia, tail-flick latency was measured daily, before and 4 h after analgesia administration. Compared with those of the no-surgery controls, significant decreases in food consumption and body weight occurred 24 h after surgery without analgesics. There were nonsignificant reductions in these effects by analgesics, but the benefits were not significantly different than those of saline. These parameters continued to be decreased with variable significance in the buprenorphine groups at 48 and 72 h after surgery. In both buprenorphine-treated groups, water consumption was significantly increased at 24 h after surgery but not at 48 or 72 h. Tail-flick latency was not significantly different between the no-surgery and no-analgesia groups but was significantly increased 4 h after high-dose buprenorphine administration and declined nonsignificantly over time in the other groups. We conclude that painful effects from surgery are present primarily during the first 24 h after surgery. The analgesic regimens tested did not completely reduce these effects. Buprenorphine was associated with adverse effects for as long as 72 h after surgery. Referred hyperalgesia from this abdominal surgery could not be measured using the tail-flick assay.     

Effect of negative air ions on morphine-induced changes in the latency of the tail-flick reflex

Adult male Long-Evans rats were exposed to negatively charged air ions at high concentrations (7 x 10(5)/cm3) for six days. Sham-exposed rats were treated identically except that the source of ions was not activated. At the end of the exposure, the latency of the tail-flick reflex was measured in each rat before and 30 and 60 min after an injection of morphine sulphate. The tail-flick reflex was initiated by thermal stimulation. Two heat settings were employed, the lower considered to impart a submaximal and the higher a maximal thermal stimulus. Three morphine doses were tested: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg. Statistically significant differences between ion-exposed and sham-exposed rats were observed in tail-flick latencies 30 min after the administration of the two lower doses, but not after the highest dose of morphine sulphate. These differences were found at both intensities of thermal stimulation. Tail-flick latencies measured in each group prior to morphine injection were not affected by negative-ion exposure. The data indicate that exposure of rats to negative air ions tends to inhibit the action of morphine on the latency of the tail-flick reflex at morphine doses below 1.0 mg/kg.     

Tail-flick latency and self-mutilation following unilateral deafferentation in rats

Unilateral deafferentation induced by transection of the C(4)-C(8) dorsal roots of spinal cord, followed by a complex of abnormal self-mutilating behavior, is interpreted as an animal model of chronic nociception. The objective of our study was to test the differences in tail-flick latency between intact control and unilaterally deafferented animals and to assess the changes in their acute nociceptive sensation. The initial hypothesis was that deafferentation-induced painful sensation might cause stress-induced analgesia that should be manifested as prolonged tail-flick latency. The experiment was carried out on 11 male and 10 female adult Wistar rats. The tail-flick latency was repeatedly measured over a period of 10 consecutive weeks both in the preoperative baseline period and following multiple cervical dorsal rhizotomy. Contrary to our hypothesis, unilateral deafferentation was followed by a significant shortening of the tail-flick latency both in males and females. In deafferented animals, compared to the controls, variations of tail-flick latency were reduced. In individual animals after deafferentation, concurrent dynamic changes were observed in self-mutilating behavior, in a loss and regaining of body weight, and in tail-flick latency. Our data suggest that changes in tail-flick latency may be interpreted in terms of central sensitization and that tail-flick latency might be considered as a useful marker of chronic nociception.     

Effects of clonidine preemptive analgesia on acute postoperative pain in abdominal surgery

Preemptive analgesia refers to blockade of afferent nerve fibers before a painful stimulus, which prevents or reduces subsequent pain even beyond the effect of the block. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of clonidine used before and at the end of operation on pain control in abdominal surgery. A total of 77 patients admitted for colorectal surgery were randomly classified into three groups: epidural clonidine before operation, epidural clonidine at the end of operation, and control group. After the operation on patient demand, analgesia with boluses of epidural morphine was instituted. The parameters of postoperative pain level using VAS score (visual analog scale), sedation and analgesics consumption were determined as outcome measures at 1, 2, 6, and 24 h of the operation. Clonidine administered before operation provided lowest pain scores at 6 and 24 h (p < 0.05). Clonidine administered at the end of operation had low pain scores at 1 and 2 h, with a significant pain breakthrough thereafter (6.93 +/- 1.66 at 6 h and 4.04 +/- 2.39 at 24 h) compared with the group administered clonidine before operation (3.60 +/- 2.94 and 3.71 +/- 1.82). Clonidine administered before operation provided less sedation (p < 0.05) and a significantly lower use of analgesics (p < 0.05). Blockade of nociceptive stimulus using the centrally acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist clonidine before the onset of pain stimulus resulted in reduced pain levels, sedation and analgesic requirement.     

Indirect Acquisition of Pain-Related Fear: An Experimental Study of Observational Learning Using Coloured Cold Metal Bars

Background

Previous research has demonstrated that pain-related fear can be acquired through observation of another’s pain behaviour during an encounter with a painful stimulus. The results of two experimental studies were presented, each with a different pain stimulus, of which the aim was to investigate the effect of observational learning on pain expectancies, avoidance behaviour, and physiological responding. Additionally, the study investigated whether certain individuals are at heightened risk to develop pain-related fear through observation. Finally, changes in pain-related fear and pain intensity after exposure to the feared stimulus were examined.

Methods

During observational acquisition, healthy female participants watched a video showing coloured cold metal bars being placed against the neck of several models. In a differential fear conditioning paradigm, one colour was paired with painful facial expressions, and another colour was paired with neutral facial expressions of the video models. During exposure, both metal bars with equal temperatures (-25° or +8° Celsius) were placed repeatedly against participants’ own neck.

Results

Results showed that pain-related beliefs can be acquired by observing pain in others, but do not necessarily cause behavioural changes. Additionally, dispositional empathy might play a role in the acquisition of these beliefs. Furthermore, skin conductance responses were higher when exposed to the pain-associated bar, but only in one of two experiments. Differential pain-related beliefs rapidly disappeared after first-hand exposure to the stimuli.

Conclusions

This study enhances our understanding of pain-related fear acquisition and subsequent exposure to the feared stimulus, providing leads for pain prevention and management strategies.     

基于加速康复外科理念的前交叉韧带重建术中麻醉方式的选择

摘要 目的：基于加速康复外科理念,比较分析收肌管阻滞和股神经阻滞两组麻醉方式术后早期反应,探讨其在ACL重建术中的应用。方法：选取符合手术条件的88名ACL损伤的患者,随机分为收肌管阻滞组和股神经阻滞组,手术均在全麻下由同一组医生实施,采用自体腘绳肌重建ACL。比较术后早期2h,4 h,8 h,24 h和48 h患者静息和主动活动时VAS评分;患者首次主动直腿抬高时间;首次自主下地时间;48 h内追加盐酸哌替啶的的人次数;以及不良反应的例数。分析比较两组麻醉方式在术后早期的不同。结果：收肌管阻滞组患者在术后首次直腿抬高的时间和首次自主下地时间两方面与股神经阻滞组相比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者在术后2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h和48 h静息和主动活动时疼痛程度以及48 h内追加盐酸哌替啶的人次数和不良反应的例数之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：收肌管阻滞能够满足ACL重建术后的早期康复需要,在术后早期对股四头肌的影响较小,有助于患者早期康复,是一种安全、有效的麻醉方式。     

Plasma Corticosterone in Rats Is Specifically Increased at Recovery from Propofol Anesthesia without Concomitant Rise of Plasma ACTH

General anesthesia combined with surgery is commonly associated with post-operative stress-response in humans. Effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) during and after anesthesia are correlated with the magnitude of surgery and choice of anesthetics. The aim of our study in rats was to characterize the effects of general anesthesia without any surgery on HPA regulation of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretions. First, to assess whether the acute effects of general anesthesia on corticosterone concentration depend on time of day, rats were anesthetized with propofol at three different Zeitgeber times (ZT6, ZT10, and ZT16; with lights-on and -off at ZT0 and ZT12, respectively). Second, to determine the prolonged effects of general propofol anesthesia on daily corticosterone and ACTH concentrations, rats were anesthetized at ZT16 (4 h after lights-off) and euthanized either 1, 4, 12, 16, 20, or 24 h later. Third, the effects of propofol anesthesia on corticosterone and ACTH secretion were studied in rats instrumented with intracarotid cannulation. This permitted us to examine the individual patterns of corticosterone responses to propofol anesthesia as compared to their respective baseline corticosterone secretion. All of the results obtained showed that general propofol anesthesia, independent of the time-of-day of its administration, induces a significant increase of corticosterone secretion during the early recovery period without effect on ACTH secretion (i.e., no pituitary mediated stress-response). (Author correspondence: yvan.touitou@upmc.fr)     

Evaluating postoperative analgesics in mice using telemetry

The study examined the efficacy of preemptive or postoperative analgesia on surgical pain in the mouse. Radiotelemetry transmitters were surgically implanted in 28 female ICR mice. A mock ova implantation surgery was then performed. Mice were treated with a single dose of buprenorphine or flunixin meglumine prior to or after surgery, three doses of buprenorphine, or were untreated. Heart rate, blood pressure, home cage activity, food and water consumption, and body weight were measured. The no-analgesia group showed no significant differences between any parameters collected prior to surgery and those collected at similar times during the day of surgery. Significant increases in mouse activity on the day of surgery occurred with all analgesic treatments, compared with pre-surgical activity. There were no consistent significant changes in any other telemetry parameter after treatment with analgesics compared with no analgesia. Food consumption and body weight the day after surgery were reduced significantly in the animals treated with three doses of buprenorphine compared with untreated mice and mice given a single dose of buprenorphine. We conclude that the mock ova implant procedure does not induce sufficient pain to cause alterations in heart rate and blood pressure in the mouse. Activity was significantly reduced in the first 6 h after surgery in mice without analgesia, compared with activity prior to surgery. There were no significant differences between pre-emptive and postoperative analgesia. Body weight and food and water consumption were poor measures of pain because analgesia alone affected these parameters.     

经腹子宫全切术后舒芬太尼和芬太尼自控静脉镇痛的比较

目的观察舒芬太尼用于经腹子宫全切术后静脉镇痛效果、临床副作用,并与等效价的芬太尼比较有无优越性。方法选择择期硬膜外阻滞麻醉下经腹行子宫全切术患者80例,随机分为A组（芬太尼组）40例,B组（舒芬太尼组）40例。A组给予负荷量芬太尼40μg;B组给予负荷量舒芬太尼4μg。两组均采用珠海福尼亚电子微量泵（CPE-101—200型）行自控静脉镇痛。观察术后4、8、16、24h的疼痛、镇静、恶心呕吐的评分,记录血氧饱和度、镇痛液消耗量。疼痛情况用水平视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估,镇静程度按Ramsay评分法评估。结果与A组比较,B组各时点VAS评分普遍低于A组,但仅术后24h差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者镇静评分均无达到3分者,B组各时点Ramsay评分普遍高于A组,其中术后16、24h差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。B组患者术后各时点镇痛液消耗量普遍低于A组,其中术后16、24h差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术后恶心呕吐发生率均低,其中术后4h差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论经腹子宫全切术后舒芬太尼组的静脉镇痛效果略优于芬太尼组,镇静作用亦明显高于芬太尼组,而且减少恶心呕吐等副作用的发生率。     

电针疗法联合全麻诱导对老年下肢关节置换手术患者血流动力学和术后恢复的影响

摘要 目的：评估电针预处理对行下肢关节置换术的老年患者术中血流动力学、术后心血管不良事件、恢复质量的影响。方法：选择择期行下肢关节置换术（膝关节置换或髋关节置换）的老年患者70例,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组。试验组在全麻诱导前30 min于手术准备间予双侧内关、列缺、足三里电针治疗,对照组单纯行全身麻醉。两组全麻诱导后均采用静吸复合麻醉。记录气管插管时（T1）、手术开始后10 min（T2）、拔管后10 min（T3）时的血流动力学参数（HR、MAP、RPP）,术后24 h的心血管不良事件、VAS评分、恢复质量（QoR40）的情况。结果：与对照组相比,试验组T1、T2、T3三个时间点的HR、MAP、RPP均明显降低（P＜0.05）;试验组术后24 h心血管不良事件发生率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,VAS评分以及术后QoR40比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：麻醉前电针预处理内关、列缺、足三里可以有效的降低患者心率、血压和心肌氧耗量,降低机体对围术期应激的反应,从而降低围术期不良心血管事件的发生率,提高麻醉的安全和质量。     

股神经阻滞麻醉联合局部浸润麻醉在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用

目的:探究股神经阻滞麻醉联合伤口局部浸润麻醉对老年髋关节置换术后疼痛程度的影响。方法:选择2016年1月~2018年6月我院收治的髋关节置换术的85例患者,据患者入院的编号的奇偶随机分为两组。对照组的42例采用伤口浸润麻醉方法,观察组的43例采用股神经阻滞麻醉联合伤口浸润麻醉方法。比较两组的麻醉效果、镇痛效果、术后阿片类药物的使用情况、住院时间及下床活动时间。结果:观察组感觉阻滞时间、恢复痛觉时间均显著长于对照组(P<0.05),术后12 h的视觉模拟评分法(Visual analog scales,VAS)评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),但两组术后6 h和1 d的VAS评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组术后1 d的阿片类药物使用剂量较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),但两组术后2 d的阿片类药物使用剂量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组住院时间及下床活动时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:股神经阻滞联合伤口浸润麻醉对于进行髋关节置换术的老年患者具有较好的镇痛效果,且在手术后阿片类镇痛药物的使用剂量减少,住院时间和下床活动时间均有所改善。     

Analgesic effects of tramadol, carprofen or multimodal analgesia in rats undergoing ventral laparotomy

In this study, the authors evaluated the analgesic efficacy of tramadol (an opioid-like analgesic), carprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and a combination of both drugs (multimodal therapy) in a rat laparotomy model. The authors randomly assigned rats to undergo either surgery (abdominal laparotomy with visceral manipulation and anesthesia) or anesthesia only. Rats in each group were treated with tramadol (12.5 mg per kg body weight), carprofen (5 mg per kg body weight), a combination of tramadol and carprofen (12.5 mg per kg body weight and 5 mg per kg body weight, respectively) or saline (anesthesia control group only; 5 mg per kg body weight). The authors administered analgesia 10 min before anesthesia, 4 h after surgery or (for the rats that received anesthesia only) anesthesia and 24 h after surgery or anesthesia. They measured locomotor activity, running wheel activity, feed and water consumption, body weight and fecal corticosterone concentration of each animal before and after surgery. Clinical observations were made after surgery or anesthesia to evaluate signs of pain and distress. The authors found that carprofen, tramadol and a combination of carprofen and tramadol were all acceptable analgesia regimens for a rat laparotomy model.     

双侧股神经阻滞用于双膝关节置换术患者的麻醉效果和对血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:研究双侧股神经阻滞术用于双膝关节置换术患者麻醉效果和对患者血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选择2015年10月～2018年10月在我院进行双膝关节置换术的110例患者,按照其入院顺序经随机数字表法分为两组,每组55例。对照组采用全身麻醉,研究组采用双侧股神经阻滞联合全身麻醉。比较两组的麻醉情况,治疗前后血清炎性因子白介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)水平的变化。结果:两组麻醉时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组拔管、恢复室停留和苏醒时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后24 h、48 h血清炎性因子IL-6、CRP水平均高于术前,但研究组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组术中DBP、SBP、HR水平均较术前显著降低(P0.05),但研究组DBP、SBP、HR水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组术后DBP、SBP、HR水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单纯采用全身麻醉相比,双侧股神经阻滞可有效改善双膝关节置换术患者的麻醉效果,并降低其血清炎症因子和稳定其血流动力学。     

Central antalgic activity of resveratrol

A single dose of resveratrol (25 μg/10μl) was injected directly into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (icv) of Wistar rats via an implanted cannula in order to study the analgesic properties of the compound. A control group of rats received 10 μl NaCl 0.9%. The lengthening of the time to reaction to painful stimuli was assessed in the radiant heat tail-flick latency time test. In this study, the response to painful stimuli of the animals treated with resveratrol had a bimodal profile with hypoalgesia or hyperalgesia. In the selected experimental conditions, resveratrol had a definite analgesic effect; the increase in time to reaction ranged from 100-120% (8 rats) to 600-700% (9 rats). In this experiment resveratrol exerts evident central antalgic effects in the majority of rats, which are related to the individual level of excitation and vigilance at baseline. Antinociceptive induced by resveratrol icv injection was maximal at 4-10 min and lasted no longer than 15 min. The effect of resveratrol to produce analgesia after a single icv injection may be interesting for preventing chronic pain.     

腰硬联合麻醉对围手术期剖宫产患者皮质醇及血浆D-D水平的影响

目的:探讨腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)对剖宫产围术期患者围术期皮质醇及血浆D-二聚体(D-D)水平变化的影响。方法:选取2014年3月-2015年5月在我院接受剖宫产手术的患者68例为研究对象。.根据术中采用的麻醉方法不同,将患者分为腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA组)和连续硬膜外麻醉组(CEA组)。观察并比较两组患者围手术期皮质醇及D-二聚体水平的变化情况。结果:两组患者术中纤维蛋白原、凝血活酶时间及凝血酶原时间间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者麻醉后皮质醇及D-D水平均显著高于麻醉前,但CSEA组低于CEA组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者D-D水平在手术结束时、术后24 h较麻醉前均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但CSEA组D-D水平在术后24 h及、术后72 h,CSEA组D-D水平均低于CEA组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腰硬联合麻醉可以更好的抑制剖宫产患者术中血清皮质醇及术后血浆D-D水平的升高,有利于改善患者术后高凝状态,值得临床推广应用。     

The cannabinoid agonist WIN 55, 212-2 increases nociception threshold in cholestatic rats: implications for the treatment of the pruritus of cholestasis

Dronabinol, a synthetic agonist at cannabinoid receptors, was reported to decrease the pruritus of cholestasis, in an uncontrolled observation. We hypothesized that the reported antipruritic effect of dronabinol might have resulted from an increased threshold to experience nociception (i.e. pruritus) by the drug. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of WIN 55, 212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on the threshold to experience nociception, using a tail-flick assay in rats with cholestasis secondary to bile duct resection and in sham-resected controls. The administration of WIN 55, 212-2 was associated with a significant increase in the mean tail-flick latency in both groups as compared to baseline. Pruritus is a nociceptive stimulus; accordingly, drugs that increase the threshold to nociception in human beings may be a novel approach to the treatment of this symptom in patients with liver disease.     

Effects of anaesthesia on blood gases, acid-base status and ions in the toad Bufo marinus

It is common practice to chronically implant catheters for subsequent blood sampling from conscious and undisturbed animals. This method reduces stress associated with blood sampling, but anaesthesia per se can also be a source of stress in animals. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the time required for physiological parameters (e.g. blood gases, acid-base status, plasma ions, heart rate and blood pressure) to stabilise following surgery. Here, we report physiological parameters during and after anaesthesia in the toad Bufo marinus. For anaesthesia, toads were immersed in benzocaine (1 g l(-1)) for 15 min or until the corneal reflex disappeared, and the femoral artery was cannulated. A 1-ml blood sample was taken immediately after surgery and subsequently after 2, 5, 24 and 48 h. Breathing ceased during anaesthesia, which resulted in arterial Po(2) values below 30 mmHg, and respiratory acidosis developed, with arterial Pco(2) levels reaching 19.5+/-2 mmHg and pH 7.64+/-0.04. The animals resumed pulmonary ventilation shortly after the operation, and oxygen levels increased to a constant level within 2 h. Acid--base status, however, did not stabilise until 24 h after anaesthesia. Haematocrit doubled immediately after cannulation (26+/-1%), but reached a constant level of 13% within 24 h. Blood pressure and heart rate were elevated for the first 5 h, but decreased after 24 h to a constant level of approximately 30 cm H2O and 35 beats min(-1), respectively. There were no changes following anaesthesia in mean cellular haemoglobin concentration, [K+], [Cl-], [Na+], [lactate] or osmolarity. Toads fully recovered from anaesthesia after 24 h.     

硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症患者凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症患者凝血功能的影响。方法:选择陆军军医大学大坪医院麻醉科(我院)2018年6月至2019年6月收治的妊娠血小板减少症患者86例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各43例。研究组给予硬膜外腔麻醉,对照组给予全麻,观察和比较两组产妇麻醉前后凝血系统各项指标的变化情况。结果:研究组产妇在麻醉前、麻醉后0.5 h、术后0.5 h、术后24 h、术后48 h激活凝血酶时间(Activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)长于对照组(P<0.05)。两组产妇麻醉后纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen, FIB)和D-二聚体水平(D-dimer,D-D)较麻醉前显著升高,且对照组明显高于研究组(P<0.05)。两组产妇手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组产妇术后平均出血量和术后24 h平均出血量均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生1 min、5 min的Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症产妇的凝血功能影响较小,但麻醉起效快、效果确切,且可一定程度减少患者手术和术后出血量。     

Introducing the Event Related Fixed Interval Area (ERFIA) Multilevel Technique: a Method to Analyze the Complete Epoch of Event-Related Potentials at Single Trial Level

In analyzing time-locked event-related potentials (ERPs), many studies have focused on specific peaks and their differences between experimental conditions. In theory, each latency point after a stimulus contains potentially meaningful information, regardless of whether it is peak-related. Based on this assumption, we introduce a new concept which allows for flexible investigation of the whole epoch and does not primarily focus on peaks and their corresponding latencies. For each trial, the entire epoch is partitioned into event-related fixed-interval areas under the curve (ERFIAs). These ERFIAs, obtained at single trial level, act as dependent variables in a multilevel random regression analysis. The ERFIA multilevel method was tested in an existing ERP dataset of 85 healthy subjects, who underwent a rating paradigm of 150 painful and non-painful somatosensory electrical stimuli. We modeled the variability of each consecutive ERFIA with a set of predictor variables among which were stimulus intensity and stimulus number. Furthermore, we corrected for latency variations of the P2 (260 ms). With respect to known relationships between stimulus intensity, habituation, and pain-related somatosensory ERP, the ERFIA method generated highly comparable results to those of commonly used methods. Notably, effects on stimulus intensity and habituation were also observed in non-peak-related latency ranges. Further, cortical processing of actual stimulus intensity depended on the intensity of the previous stimulus, which may reflect pain-memory processing. In conclusion, the ERFIA multilevel method is a promising tool that can be used to study event-related cortical processing.     

麻醉剂七氟烷与地氟烷对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔手术过程中七氟烷与地氟烷麻醉对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响。方法:随机选取85例年龄在20-60岁的患者,将患者随机分成二组,分别使用七氟烷与地氟烷进行麻醉。在麻醉前30 min和麻醉后2-24 h分别检测患者白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞的数量、T辅助淋巴细胞(CD4)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CD8)、自然杀伤性淋巴细胞、激活T淋巴细胞的百分比,CD4/CD8的比值,血浆皮质醇含量。结果:二组患者白细胞与中性粒细胞麻醉24 h后显著升高(P0.01)。地氟烷组中性粒细胞数量显著高于七氟烷组(P0.05)。CD4细胞的百分比在七氟烷组中无显著改变,在麻醉后2h,地氟烷组(31.93%[6.65%])同基础值(36.41%[6.92%])相比显著降低(P0.05),24 h后进一步下降(30.52%[8.01%])(P0.01)。七氟烷组CD4/CD8比值一直无变化,但地氟烷组在麻醉2 h降低(1.51[0.52]),24 h明显升高(1.82[0.72])(P0.05)。结论:与地氟烷相比,七氟烷对中性粒细胞群与T细胞群的影响较小。